scholarly journals Associations of cord leptin and cord insulin with adiposity and blood pressure in White British and Pakistani children aged 4/5 years

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane West ◽  
Gillian Santorelli ◽  
Paul Collings ◽  
Daniel Bingham ◽  
Peter Whincup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Social Economic Status ◽  
Null Value

Background: Cord leptin and cord insulin concentrations may be important biomarkers of child adiposity and cardiovascular health, especially in populations with an increased long-term risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to determine whether cord leptin and insulin are associated with adiposity and early cardiovascular health at age 4/5, and whether any associations differ between White British and Pakistani children. Methods: Using bi-ethnic cohort data from 6060 mother-offspring pairs (2717 (44.8%) White British, 3343 (55.2%) Pakistani), we examined associations of cord leptin and insulin with adiposity (BMI, skinfold thickness) and systolic and diastolic blood pressure at age 4/5. Results: Cord leptin and insulin were higher in Pakistani compared to White British children (7.4 ng/ml versus 6.7 ng/ml and 4.1 mU/L versus 3.63 mU/L, respectively). Associations with adiposity measurements were similar in both groups and close to the null value. For example, each 10 ng/ml higher cord leptin was associated with a difference in mean childhood BMI of 0.10 kg/m2 (95% CI 0.01, 0.19) in White British, 0.01 kg/m2 (95% CI -0.08, 0.10) in Pakistani and 0.04 kg/m2 (95% CI -0.02, 0.11) in both groups combined.  Associations with systolic and diastolic blood pressure were also close to the null and consistent in both groups. Conclusions: We found no evidence that cord leptin or insulin were likely to be valuable biomarkers for predicting later adiposity and blood pressure in White British or Pakistani children. For now, other factors such as family history and social-economic status may be more useful markers of risk.

scholarly journals Biological Pathways of Long-Term Visit-to-Visit Blood Pressure Variability in the American Population: Cardiovascular Health Study and Women’s Health Initiatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Mohammed F. Faramawi ◽  
Mohammed S. Orloff ◽  
Robert Delongchamp ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Eleanor Feingold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Women’S Health ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Pressure Variability ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Biological Pathways ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Health Initiatives

Studies reported a positive relationship between visit-to-visit blood pressure variability (VVBPV) and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality independently of the mean arterial blood pressure across clinical visits. The literature is scarce on the genes and biological mechanisms that regulate long-term VVBPV. We sought to identify biological pathways that regulate visit-to-visit blood pressure variability. We used phenotypic and genotype data from the Women’s Health Initiatives and Cardiovascular Health Studies. We defined VVBPV of systolic and diastolic blood pressure phenotypes as the standard deviation about the participant’s regression line with systolic and diastolic blood pressure regressed separately across visits. We imputed missing genotypes and then conducted a genome-wide association analysis to identify genomic variants related to the VVBPV and detect biological pathways. For systolic VVBPV, we identified a neurological pathway, the GABAergic pathway (P values = 1.1E − 2), and a vascular pathway, the RAP1 signaling pathway (P values = 5.8E − 2). For diastolic VVBPV, the hippo signaling (P values = 4.1E − 2), CDO myogenesis (P values = 7.0E − 2), and O-glycosylation of TSR domain-containing protein pathways (P values = 9.0E − 2) were the significant pathways. Future studies are warranted to validate these results. Further understanding of the roles of the genes regulating the identified pathways will help researchers to improve future pharmacological interventions to treat VVBPV in clinical practice.

A Framework for the Exploration of Critical Factors on Promoting Two-Season Cultivation in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Guo ◽  
Shima Mohebbi ◽  
Ashok Das ◽  
Janet K. Allen ◽  
Farrokh Mistree
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Social Entrepreneurs ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Social Economic Status ◽  
Mode Of Production

Abstract To promote a new mode of production and a changed lifestyle in a relatively closed, underdeveloped community, critical interventions should be explored, and, as appropriate, implemented. Different scenarios are identified and explored so that decision support can be provided to social entrepreneurs (SEs). Here, agent-based modeling (ABM) is used to simulate villagers’ acceptance of second-season cultivation, growing two crops a year instead of one. We explore the possibility of second-season cultivation to improve the villagers’ social-economic status in both the short term and the long term. The proposed method of capturing and making use of critical factors in influencing individuals’ behavior in a community can be used in other projects. Our focus in here is on the method, rather than the specific results.

scholarly journals Russian epidemiological study EVKALIPT: protocol and basic characteristics of participants

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
N. M. Vorobyeva ◽  
O. N. Tkacheva ◽  
Yu. V. Kotovskaya ◽  
L. N. Ovcharova ◽  
E. V. Selezneva
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Living Alone ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Social Economic Status ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
University Degree

On behalf of EVKALIPT study.Objective: to evaluate prevalence of age-related and chronic non-infectious diseases, senile asthenia and other geriatric syndromes in subjects aged ≥65 years old and to analyze their influence on general health and functional status.Methods: 4308 subjects (30% males) aged from 65 to 107 years (mean age 78±8 years), who live in 11 Russian regions, were examined. They were divided in 3 groups by age: 65–74, 75–84 and ≥85 years. All subjects passed comprehensive geriatric assessment in 2 stages: 1) questioning based on a specially designed questionnaire; 2) physical examination.Results: age increase is associated with decrease of anthropometric parameters (height, weight, body mass index), decrease of diastolic blood pressure, increase of pulse blood pressure and deterioration of social-economic status of elderlies (increase of those who out lived their partners, living alone and in institution/ nursing home, single (no partners) and disabled subjects; decrease in proportion of married and still working ones, subjects with university degree and higher income).Conclusion: Russian EVKALIPT study protocol and basic characteristics of participants are summarized in the article.

scholarly journals Type 2 diabetes is more predictable in women than men by multiple anthropometric and biochemical measures

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tangying Li ◽  
Huibiao Quan ◽  
Huachuan Zhang ◽  
Leweihua Lin ◽  
Lu Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Fasting Insulin

AbstractMen and women are sexually dimorphic but whether common anthropometric and biochemical parameters predict type 2 diabetes (T2D) in different ways has not been well studied. Here we recruit 1579 participants in Hainan Province, China, and group them by sex. We compared the prediction power of common parameters of T2D in two sexes by association, regression, and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis. HbA1c is associated with FPG stronger in women than in men and the regression coefficient is higher, consistent with higher prediction power for T2D. Age, waist circumference, BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglyceride levels, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, fasting insulin, and proinsulin levels all predict T2D better in women. Except for diastolic blood pressure, all parameters associate or tend to associate with FPG stronger in women than in men. Except for diastolic blood pressure and fasting proinsulin, all parameters associate or tend to associate with HbA1c stronger in women than in men. Except for fasting proinsulin and HDL, the regression coefficients of all parameters with FPG and HbA1c were higher in women than in men. Together, by the above anthropometric and biochemical measures, T2D is more readily predicted in women than men, suggesting the importance of sex-based subgroup analysis in T2D research.

The Moderation Role of Being Valued by Teachers Over the Association Between School Children Motivation and Need for Competition

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 215824402110441
Author(s):  
Cristina Maria Bostan ◽  
Tudor Stanciu ◽  
Răzvan-Lucian Andronic
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Social Constructivism ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Economic Status ◽  
Motivation For Learning ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family

Concordant with classical theoretical guidelines (i.e., social facilitation, social constructivism theory, and the Pygmalion effect) we tested the need for competition and perception of being valued by teachers to be better motivated for learning in school. We extend knowledge by testing these associations mediated by the social economic status given by the well-being of the family (i.e., controlling for gender and socio-economic status). A total of 214 Romanian students (45.3% boys) with ages between 13 and 17 years were administered the PEER questionnaire (i.e., perception of being valued by teachers, school-children motivation, and the need for competition). Results show a positive relation between the need for competition and motivation for learning. We also found positive relations between the perception of being valued by the teacher and motivation for learning and the need for competition. We conclude that motivation is higher when the need for competition is higher and the perception of being valued by teachers is higher.

Abstract P355: Predicting the 20-year Risk of First Coronary or Ischemic Stroke Event in Northern Italy: The CAMUNI Absolute Risk Equation

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Veronesi ◽  
Lloyd E Chambless ◽  
Francesco Gianfagna ◽  
Giuseppe Mancia ◽  
Giancarlo Cesana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Family History ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Basic Model ◽  
History Of

Aims. Recent US guidelines advocate the introduction of lifetime or long-term absolute risk prediction for primary prevention of cardiovascular events, especially for young people and women. Therefore, long-term prediction models might be specially beneficial in population considered at low incidence. We aim to develop a 20-year absolute risk prediction equation in a Northern Italy population. Methods. Four independent population-based cohorts were enrolled between 1986 and 1994 from the Brianza population (Northern Italy), adopting standardized MONICA procedures. The study sample comprises n=2574 men and 2673 women, aged 35 to 69 years and free of CVD at baseline. Participants were followed-up for incidence of first coronary and ischemic stroke events (fatal and non-fatal; all MONICA validated) for a median time of 15 years (IQ range: 12-20) and up to the end of 2008. We compared several gender-specific Cox Proportional Hazards models: the basic one includes age, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, anti-hypertensive treatment, cigarette smoking and diabetes. Candidates to model addition were diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, BMI, family history of CHD, and education. Model calibration was tested using the Grønnesby-Bogan goodness-of-fit statistic. The Area Under the ROC-Curve (AUC) was a measure of discrimination, corrected for over-optimism via bootstrapping. Changes in discrimination (Δ-AUC) and reclassification (Net Reclassification Improvement, NRI) defined the improvement from the basic model due to an additional risk factor. Intermediate risk was defined as 20-year risk between 10% and 40%. Results. We observed n=286 events in men (incidence rate 7.7 per 1000 person-years) and n=108 in women (2.6 per 1000 person-years). All risk factors included in the basic model were predictive of first cardiovascular event in both genders; discrimination was 0.725 and 0.802 in men and women, respectively. Average specificity in the top risk quintile (cut-off value: 23% in men and 8.5% in women) was similar in men and women (85% vs. 83%), while sensitivity was higher in women (63% vs. 46%). All the models were well-calibrated (p-values >0.05). The addition of a positive family history of CHD in men (Hazard Ratio: 1.6; 95%CI 1.2-2.1) and of diastolic blood pressure in women (HR: 1.4 for 11 mmHg increase; 1.1-1.8) significantly improved discrimination (Δ-AUC=0.01; 95%CI 0.002-0.02 [men] and Δ-AUC=0.005; 95%CI 0.0001-0.01 [women]) and reclassification of subjects at intermediate risk (NRI=8.4%;1.7%-19.1% [men]; and NRI=11.7%; -3.2%-33.5% [women]). Conclusions. Traditional risk factors are predictive of cardiovascular events after 20 years, with good discrimination. The addition of family history of CHD may contribute to model improvement, at least among men; the role of diastolic blood pressure in women should be carefully evaluated.

469 Sexual debut age according to the social economic status in Korea

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. S294
Author(s):  
S. Yoo ◽  
J. Park ◽  
M.C. Cho ◽  
H. Son
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Sexual Debut ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Social Economic Status ◽  
The Social

scholarly journals STATUS SOSIAL EKONOMI PETERNAK KAMBING PERANAKAN ETAWA (PE) DI DESA SUNGAI LANGKA, KECAMATAN GEDONG TATAAN, KABUPATEN PESAWARAN PROVINSI LAMPUNG

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Tri Rumiyani ◽  
Muhammad Dima Iqbal Hamdani
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Social Economic Status ◽  
Farmer Groups

The aim of this research was to know social economic status of farmer groups Ettawa crossbred goat during the production and cost value of the milk. The research was held  on July – August 2016 in Ettawa farmer groups in Sungai Langka Village, Gedong Tataan District, Pesawaran Regency, Lampung Province. Material of this research were 40 samples from three farmer groups : Tunas Muda, Sehati jaya  and Margarini 6. The method of this research was a survey with purposive random sampling. Data were analyzed by descriptive analysis. The result showed each farmer groups had different social economic status during production and cost value of the milk. Keywords : Ettawa Crossbred Goat , Social Economic Status, Sungai Langka Village.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Cardiovascular Effects of Clonidine in Neonates Treated for Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 473-478
Author(s):  
Raymond P. Meddock ◽  
Deirdre Bloemer
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Safety Data ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome ◽  
Abstinence Syndrome

OBJECTIVES Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is characterized by withdrawal symptoms in neonates exposed to legal or illegal substances in utero, and it is often managed with medications such as opiates, phenobarbital, and clonidine. Clonidine use is increasing, but further safety data regarding its use in neonates are warranted. This study evaluated the effects of clonidine on heart rate and blood pressure in neonates treated for NAS at doses up to 24 mcg/kg/day. METHODS A retrospective review via the electronic medical record of infants at least 35 weeks' gestation treated adjunctively with clonidine for NAS in the neonatal intensive care unit at St Elizabeth was conducted. Heart rate, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were recorded at baseline, while on different dose ranges of clonidine (small: ≤1.5 mcg/kg per dose every 3 hours; medium: >1.5 to 2 mcg/kg per dose every 3 hours; and large: >2 mcg/kg to 3 mcg/kg per dose every 3 hours), and upon discontinuation. RESULTS A total of 64 infants treated with clonidine for NAS between August 2015 and December 2016 were included. Heart rate decreased in all clonidine dose ranges compared with baseline (average reduction of 7 bpm [CI: −12 to −2], 9 bpm [CI: −16 to −2], and 10 bpm [CI: −18 to −1] for the small, medium, and large dose ranges, respectively; p < 0.0001). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were not significantly different from baseline when infants were receiving any dose of clonidine, except diastolic blood pressure while on medium–dose range clonidine, where diastolic blood pressure was higher than baseline (p = 0.0128). Increases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure were evident upon discontinuation of clonidine (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0156, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Clonidine doses up to 24 mcg/kg/day are well tolerated in neonates ≥35 weeks' gestation treated for NAS. Any decreases in heart rate are likely clinically insignificant, and increases in blood pressure upon discontinuing clonidine are mild and may be mitigated further with extended discontinuation protocols. Further trials should be conducted to evaluate the long-term safety of clonidine in this population.

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