scholarly journals Feeling the signs: The origins of meaning in the biological philosophy of Susanne K. Langer and Hans Jonas

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-200
Author(s):  
Andreas Weber
Keyword(s):  
Embodied Cognition ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Symbolic Expression ◽  
Hans Jonas ◽  
A Value ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Semiotic Approach ◽  
Cultural Symbolism ◽  
Creating Meaning ◽  
Value Concept

This paper describes the semiotic approach to organism in two proto-biosemiotic thinkers, Susanne K. Langer and Hans Jonas. Both authors develop ideas that have become central terms of biosemiotics: the organism as subject, the realisation of the living as a closed circular self, the value concept, and, in the case of Langer, the concept of symbol. Langer tries to develop a theory of cultural symbolism based on a theory of organism as a self-realising entity creating meaning and value. This paper deals mainly with what both authors independently call “feeling”. Both authors describe “feeling” as a value-based perspective, established as a result of the active self interest manifested by an organic system. The findings of Jonas and Langer show the generation of a subject pole, or biosemiotic agent, under a more precise accent, as e.g. Uexküll does. Their ideas can also be affiliated to the interpretation of autopoiesis given by the late Francisco Varela (embodied cognition or “enactivism”). A synthesis of these positions might lead to insights how symbolic expression arises from biological conditions of living.

Womanhood: A Value Concept

1961 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-36
Author(s):  
Ernest Marie
Keyword(s):  
A Value ◽  
Value Concept

FROM LEAN PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT TO LEAN INNOVATION: SEARCHING FOR A MORE VALID APPROACH FOR PROMOTING UTILITARIAN AND EMOTIONAL VALUE

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 1450008 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARTIN GUDEM ◽  
MARTIN STEINERT ◽  
TORGEIR WELO
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Customer Value ◽  
Incremental Innovation ◽  
Lean Principles ◽  
Lean Product Development ◽  
A Value ◽  
Utilitarian Value ◽  
Emotional Value ◽  
Value Concept

This paper considers the role of lean product development (LPD) as part of a company's overall innovation strategy. Our discussion contends that the value-concept in LPD is too strongly tied to product features, and that this may lead to: (i) overemphasis on utilitarian value, (ii) preference for reliability over validity, and (iii) a defensive approach to market-trends. These factors can compromise the philosophy's ability to maximize customer value, and represent a challenge in making LPD fit beyond incremental innovation in the technological domain. Lean innovation (LI) is therefore introduced as an extension of LPD, building on a value concept that embraces emotional as well as utilitarian characteristics. It is suggested that lean principles should not be limited to product development, but should concern all aspects of a company's innovation efforts relevant to offering a pleasurable customer experience.

Public-Regardingness as a Value Premise in Voting Behavior

1964 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 876-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Q. Wilson ◽  
Edward C. Banfield
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Voting Behavior ◽  
Body Politic ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Public ◽  
A Value ◽  
Self Interest

Our concern here is with the nature of the individual's attachment to the body politic and, more particularly, with the value premises underlying the choices made by certain classes of voters. Our hypothesis is that some classes of voters (provisionally defined as “subcultures” constituted on ethnic and income lines) are more disposed than others to rest their choices on some conception of “the public interest” or the “welfare of the community.” To say the same thing in another way, the voting behavior of some classes tends to be more public-regarding and less private- (self- or family-) regarding than that of others. To test this hypothesis it is necessary to examine voting behavior in situations where one can say that a certain vote could not have been private-regarding. Local bond and other expenditure referenda present such situations: it is sometimes possible to say that a vote in favor of a particular expenditure proposal is incompatible with a certain voter's self-interest narrowly conceived. If the voter nevertheless casts such a vote and if there is evidence that his vote was not in some sense irrational or accidental, then it must be presumed that his action was based on some conception of “the public interest.”

scholarly journals Motivated Bayesians: Feeling Moral While Acting Egoistically

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Gino ◽  
Michael I. Norton ◽  
Roberto A. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Utility Function ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Economic Framework ◽  
A Value ◽  
Psychology And Economics ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Natural Way

Research yields ample evidence that individual's behavior often reflects an apparent concern for moral considerations. A natural way to interpret evidence of such motives using an economic framework is to add an argument to the utility function such that agents obtain utility both from outcomes that yield only personal benefits and from acting kindly, honestly, or according to some other notion of “right.” Indeed, such interpretations can account for much of the existing empirical evidence. However, a growing body of research at the intersection of psychology and economics produces findings inconsistent with such straightforward, preference-based interpretations for moral behavior. In particular, while people are often willing to take a moral act that imposes personal material costs when confronted with a clear-cut choice between “right” and “wrong,” such decisions often seem to be dramatically influenced by the specific contexts in which they occur. In particular, when the context provides sufficient flexibility to allow plausible justification that one can both act egoistically while remaining moral, people seize on such opportunities to prioritize self-interest at the expense of morality. In other words, people who appear to exhibit a preference for being moral may in fact be placing a value on feeling moral, often accomplishing this goal by manipulating the manner in which they process information to justify taking egoistic actions while maintaining this feeling of morality.

scholarly journals WHITE SUPREMACISTS DECEPTIVELY USING SCREENSHOTS AS EVIDENCE: A SOCIAL SEMIOTIC APPROACH TO ANALYSING CONSPIRATORIAL YOUTUBE VIDEOS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia Inwood
Keyword(s):  
White Supremacy ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Visual Content ◽  
A Value ◽  
Visual Evidence ◽  
Linguistic Strategies ◽  
Semiotic Approach ◽  
White Supremacists ◽  
Youtube Videos

YouTube has become notoriously associated with extreme right-wing communities that spread discourses of white supremacy and conspiracy. This study applies a social semiotic approach to analysing conspiratorial YouTube videos created by white supremacists in response to the Notre Dame Fire of 2019. In particular, this study applies a combined legitimation (Van Leeuwen, 2007) and communing affiliation (Zappavigna and Martin, 2018) framework to the verbal and visual content of 15 videos. Communing affiliation refers to how values are positioned as bondable in situation where users don’t interact directly (Zappavigna and Martin, 2018). It is formed from couplings of ideational (what is being evaluated) and attitudinal (how it is evaluated) meaning (Martin and White, 2005), hence forming a value that is bondable. Legitimation (Van Leeuwen, 2007) refers to how discourses establish authority and can be realised textually or visually, with various linguistic strategies. This study will focus on the idea of ‘technological authority’ construed by positive evaluations in the transcripts of screenshots as evidence and the use of screenshots as visual evidence. Overall, this study will show how key values are working in tandem with (de)legitimation strategies, how (de)legitimation can further explain the significance of these values, and how YouTubers artificially create credibility in their videos through these legitimation and affiliation strategies. This raises further questions about the invoked meanings of screenshots as evidence and the ethical dilemmas that screenshots become entangled in, when considering the attention given to false and hateful content that is shared online.

Wording and Saliency Matter: The Impact of Incentive System and Organizational Value Statement on Employees' Performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazeem O. Akinyele ◽  
Vicky Arnold ◽  
Steve G. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Incentive System ◽  
Performance Incentives ◽  
Piece Rate ◽  
Informal Controls ◽  
A Value ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Organizational Value ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT This study extends recent research on the interaction of formal and informal controls that may create divergence between economic self-interest and social norms consistent with organizational belongingness. We use a sequence of two experiments to explore the interactive effects of performance incentives and a contemporary value statement promoting organizational belongingness. Experiment 1 focuses on the moderating effect of a general value statement, showing that a value statement increases (decreases) productivity associated with fixed pay (piece-rate) incentives. Experiment 2 further extends the work on value statements by reinforcing the value statement to increase the statement's saliency with employees. The results of the second experiment confirm that enhancing the saliency of the value statement through active delivery increases its moderating effect on productivity. On an overall basis, the results support our theorized disordinal interaction between formal and informal controls. Most notably, a value statement enhances productivity when incentivizing employees using fixed pay.

scholarly journals La Economía del Estado Estacionario: ¿El único camino hacia un futuro sostenible?

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (46) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Christian Kerschner
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Theory ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Classical Mechanics ◽  
Weak Sense ◽  
Neoclassical Economic ◽  
A Value ◽  
Neoclassical Economic Theory ◽  
Value Concept

Los economistas ecológicos (p.ej.: Herman Daly) dicen que el desarrollo sostenible solo puede alcanzarse mediante un drástico cambio en nuestro sistema económico basado en el crecimiento. El crecimiento  económico  continuo siendo éste el objetivo de cualquier gobierno, es inherentemente incompatible con el desarrollo sostenible, a menos que el desarrollo sostenible sea definido de forma débil; es decir aceptando sustituibilidad entre capital producido por el hombre y capital natural. Esto ya se lleva actualmente a cabo por la teoría económica neoclásica, las raíces de la cual se encuentran en el concepto del valor, análogo al principio de conservación de la mecánica clásica. Algunos autores esgrimen que es este concepto del valor, combinado con la panacea del progreso tecnológico, lo que permite a la  teoría económica neoclásica creer en un crecimiento económico ilimitado.ABSTRACTEcological Economists (e.g.: Herman Daly) claim that sustainable development can only be achieved by drastically changing our growth based economic system. Continuous economic growth, which is the goal of every government, is inherently incompatible with sustainable development, unless sustainable development is defined in a weak sense; that is as accepting substitutability between human made and natural capital. This is currently done by neoclassical economic theory, the roots of which are based on a value concept, analogous with the conservation principle of classical mechanics. Some authors argue that it is this value concept combined with the panacea of technological progress, which allows neoclassical economic theory to believe in unlimited economic growth.

scholarly journals Regional planning for meaningful person-centred care in mental health: context is the signal not the noise

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Rock ◽  
S. P. Cross
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Current System ◽  
Service Planning ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
A Value ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
Key Policy ◽  
Unwarranted Variation ◽  
Policy And Planning

Abstract Person-centred care is at the core of a value-based health system. Its transformative potential is to enable and support key policy, planning and service developments across the system even when these go against the self-interest of individual major players. It offers a potent test for decision makers at all levels. It demands responses that are multi-level, empirically grounded, expert-informed and data-driven that must converge on the singularity of individuals in the places that they live. This requires different approaches that recognise, respect and reconcile two necessary but constitutionally disparate perspectives: the bureaucratic, overtly decontextualised, top-down, policy and planning objectives of central governments and the formally complex, dynamic and contextualised experience of individuals in the system. Conflating the latter with the former can lead unwittingly to a pervasive and reductive form of quasi-Taylorism that nearly always creates waste at the expense of value. This has parallel application in the treatment domain where outcomes are non-randomly clustered and partitioned by socioeconomic status, amplifying unwarranted variation by place that is striking in its magnitude and heterogeneity. In this paper, we propose that a combination of (1) relevant, local and sophisticated data planning, collection and analysis systems, (2) more detailed person-centred service planning and delivery and (3) system accountability through co-design and transparent public reporting of health system performance in a manner that is understandable, relevant, and locally applicable are all essential in ensuring planned and provided care is most appropriate to more than merely the ‘average’ person for whom the current system is built. We argue that only through a greater appreciation of healthcare as a complex adaptive (eco)system, where context is everything, and then utilising planning, analysis and management methodologies that reflect this reality is the way to achieve genuine person-centred care.

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