scholarly journals Lotmanian explosion: From peripheral space to dislocated time

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-30
Author(s):  
Soo Hwan Kim
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Spatial Model ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Theoretical Implication ◽  
Time Model ◽  
Time Out ◽  
Theoretical System

The problem of the “shift” in Lotmanian thought in his last period (the so-called Lotmanian explosion) still remains a subject of controversy for those who are interested in the scholarly heritage of Lotman. Besides explanations pointing out the “circumstantial” factors (for example, the historical context or influence from other thinkers) which brought about changes in Lotman’s views, it is important to identify a dimension of substantial “internal” changes which took place in the theoretical system itself. Regarding the essential changes relating to the concept of explosion as a movement from a ‘spatial’, more specifically ‘centre-periphery’ model to a ‘temporal’, namely ‘dislocated time’ model, the present article will focus on revealing the theoretical implication of this movement. The concept of explosion as an exceptional moment of ‘time out of joint’ was an active alternative to a theoretical breakthrough which was introduced in the process of overcoming the limitations of a previous ‘spatial’ model.

scholarly journals Affirming Divine Providence and Limiting the Powers of Saints: the Byzantine Debate about the Term of Life (6th-11th Centuries)

Scrinium ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 392-433
Author(s):  
Dirk Krausmüller
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Divine Providence ◽  
Critical Editions ◽  
Contentious Issue ◽  
Biblical Commentaries ◽  
Willingness To Engage

Abstract One of the chief characteristics of Byzantine culture in the early Middle Age was the willingness to engage in sometimes fierce debates. The best known of these debates, the controversy about the veneration of images, has been studied by many scholars and is now well known. The same cannot be said about another contentious issue, the question of whether the time of one’s death was fixed from eternity or whether it could be changed. In the late 1970s Leendert Gerrit Westerink and Giuseppe Zanetto published critical editions of two major contributions to the debate, a disputation by Theophylact Simocatta and a dialogue by Patriarch Germanus of Constantinople. Yet this did not lead to sustained engagement with the texts. The only discussion is found in Wolfgang Lackner’s edition of a much later treatise by Nicephorus Blemmydes. In the introduction to his edition Lackner identified numerous relevant primary sources dating to the fourth to twelfth centuries, proposed a rough classification and discussed some of the arguments used by the authors. What is still missing is a reconstruction of the historical context of the debate. The present article seeks to fill this gap. It considers not only treatises about the term of life but also Biblical commentaries, homilies, hymns, letters and saints’ lives that can throw light on the debate.

Narratives of Buddhist legislation: Textual authority and legal heterodoxy in seventeenth through nineteenth-century Burma

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Christian Lammerts
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Legal Ideology ◽  
Political Ideas ◽  
Textual Authority ◽  
The Status ◽  
Written Law ◽  
Asian History ◽  
The Relationship

For more than a century scholars of central and western mainland Southeast Asia have sought to characterise the status ofdhammasattha— the predominant genre of written law from the region before colonialism — and define its authority vis-à-vis Pali Buddhism. For some,dhammasatthatexts represent a predominantly ‘secular’ or ‘customary’ tradition, while for others they are seen as largely commensurate with, if not directly derived from, the religio-political ideas of a cosmopolitan and purportedly canonical ‘Theravāda’. However, scholarship has yet to investigate the way that regional authors during the late premodern period themselves understood the character and legitimacy of written law. The present article examines seventeenth through nineteenth-century Burmese narratives concerning the genealogy and status ofdhammasatthato advance a pluralist conception of the relationship between law and religion in Southeast Asian history. This analysis addresses a historical context where ideas concerning Buddhist textual authority were in the process of development, and where there were multiple and competing discourses of legal ideology in play. For elite monastic critics closely connected with royalty,dhammasatthastood in problematic relation to authoritative taxonomies of scripture, and its jurisprudence was seen to contradict authorised accounts of the origin and nature of Buddhist law; the genre thus required reform to be brought into alignment with what were construed as orthodox legal imaginaries. The principal hermeneutic move these monastic commentators performed to achieve this involved redescribingdhammasatthain light of such accounts as a variety of Buddhist royal legislation and written law as the prerogative of the Buddhist state.

scholarly journals ¡No lo haré más!: la sociedad española en El verdugo de Berlanga

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Rafael Cañas Pelayo
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Spanish Society ◽  
The Social

Recientemente, la influencia del director Luis García Berlanga ha sido destacada por crítica y público. Generalmente asociado por su colaboración con el guionista Rafael Azcona, Berlanga fue un cineasta atípico cuyas películas han sido irónicas, pero serios exponentes de la evolución de la sociedad española durante el pasado siglo. En el presente artículo, intentaremos mostrar uno de sus más importantes trabajos, El Verdugo, analizando no solamente sus aspectos sociales, sino incluyendo un estudio del lenguaje cinematográfico empleado para ello y el particular estilo con el que el director abordó algunos de los temas más controvertidos de su tiempo.Abstract:The influential of the director Luis García Berlanga has been recently increased by critics and public. Generally associated with the script-player Rafael Azcona, Berlanga was an unusual artist which films have been and ironical but serious example of the changes and the evolution of the Spanish society during the last century. In the present article, we will try to show the social aspects of one of his most important masterpieces, El verdugo, analyzing not only the historical context, but also including his cinematographically language and particular style for translate to the big screen some controversial realities of their time.Palabras clave:Berlanga; Azcona; contexto social; ironía; El Verdugo.Keywords: Berlanga; Azona; Social Context; Irony; El Verdugo.

Revisiting ModernNaẓmApproaches to the Qur'an: Iṣlāḥī’s Interpretation of Q. 107 and Q. 108 in hisTadabbur-i Qurʾān

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-74
Author(s):  
Kamran Bashir
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Islamic History ◽  
Internal Feature ◽  
Specific Meaning ◽  
Polysemous Words ◽  
Early Islamic

Modern naẓm approaches to the Qur'an ask for a detailed study of the interpretive methodologies and assumptions that function behind them. In order to understand such structural approaches, the present article offers a focused study of two important suras of the Qur'an (Q. 107 and Q. 108), involving some polysemous words, in the Urdu tafsīr of Amīn Aḥsan Iṣlāḥī (d. 1997), Tadabbur-i Qur’ān. Iṣlāḥī’s theory of naẓm has gained considerable attention in the academy and is worthy of investigating from new perspectives. It is built on a holistic and unified system of connections within a sura and between suras. The paper aims to investigate the mechanism through which Iṣlāḥī identifies naẓm, and examine its relationship with specific meaning and historical context of a sura. It argues that Iṣlāḥī’s concept of naẓm, which he presents as an internal feature of the Qur'an, seems to be based on and shaped by a specific view of the life of Prophet Muḥammad. It appears that non-linguistic factors play a pivotal role in his theory of naẓm. Therefore, in order to fully comprehend his system of linkages in the Qur'anic discourses, there is a need to further investigate how he understands the biography of the Prophet and the early Islamic history in comparison to other exegetes and historians, and how he approaches the question of the authenticity of our knowledge about the details of Muhammad.

Miron Costin și epoca în care a trăit

Transilvania ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
Carmen Oprișor
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
The Middle Ages

In the present article we pointed out the historical context in which our culture came into being. We also showed what social and cultural conditions of the Middle Ages influenced the evolution of our civilization. Miron Costin`s work, a Romanian historian from the 17th century, was imbued with literary features. He was educated in Poland and he became an important scholar. Costin was very concerned with writing a chronicle with a complex structure and with elaborate sentences. He created memorable human portraits in vivid colours, and his remarks upon history and human nature are still relevant to us today. He was also the first writer whose chronicle proved to be the work of a gifted memorialist.

Jo Spence’s auto-therapeutic survival strategies

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Dennett
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Therapeutic Tool ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Younger Generation

The use of the camera as a therapeutic tool is now being increasingly applied within clinical practice (photo-therapy) and, by the public, is being used as a form of non-clinical therapeutic photography. The subject of the present article, the late Jo Spence, was a pioneer and advocate of this approach and worked out a number of strategies that might usefully be passed on to a younger generation. Jo Spence’s work is complex and multi-sided. For this reason, this article expands on some of the categories discussed in earlier publications, placing them in their historical context, as well as adding key photographic illustrations.

Qumran Calendars: A Survey of Scholarship 1980—2007

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Ben-Dov ◽  
Stéphane Saulnier
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Early History ◽  
Lunar Phases ◽  
Hellenistic World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Themes ◽  
The Temple

The present article surveys the scholarship on the calendars represented in the Qumran texts and the Pseudepigrapha. The survey commences with the influential articles by VanderKam in the late 1970s, while relating also to Jaubert's earlier hypothesis. After a presentation and classification of the relevant texts, we proceed to elucidate the prominent calendrical and historical themes: the calendar in Jubilees and the Temple Scroll; the early history of the 364-day year in Judah; the non-Jewish origins of the 364-day calendar tradition; intercalation and the beginning of the day; and the various accounts of lunar phases in writings from Qumran. Broadly speaking, present-day research tends to emphasize the schematic aspect of the 364-day calendar tradition, renouncing the older view of this system as a `solar' calendar. In addition, Jaubert's hypothesis on the antiquity of the 364-day calendar, although still upheld in significant parts of current scholarship, is seriously challenged when viewed in a broader historical context. Finally, the Jewish astronomical and calendrical lore is increasingly explained on the background of astral sciences in the Hellenistic world—from Mesopotamia to Egypt.

scholarly journals Considerações sobre a mercantilização da vida e a indústria cultural * Considerations about the commodification of life and the cultural industry

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
LARISSA COSTA MURAD
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Frankfurt School ◽  
Culture Industry ◽  
Cultural Industry ◽  
Cultural Considerations ◽  
Theodor Adorno ◽  
Cultural Homogenization

<p><strong>Resumo:</strong> O presente artigo traz uma leitura acerca da indústria cultural baseada no legado teórico de pensadores vinculados à Escola de Frankfurt, em particular Theodor Adorno. Considerando a homogeneização da cultura como parte do processo de mercantilização da vida, observamos algumas características da indústria cultural, bem como o contexto histórico no qual ocorre seu desenvolvimento e consolidação.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chave:</strong> Indústria cultural – Adorno – Cultura.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract:</strong> The present article brings forward the reading of Culture Industry based on the Frankfurt School theorists legacy, in particular Theodor Adorno. In order to consider the cultural homogenization as part of life commodification process, some Culture Industry features are observed, as well as its historical context, development and consolidation.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Culture industry – Adorno – Culture.</p>

scholarly journals The Ramses III's inscription and the Trojan War: towards the historiography of the discussion

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 644-661
Author(s):  
A. V. Safronov
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Epic Tradition ◽  
Trojan War ◽  
Ancient Egyptian ◽  
Greek Epic ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
First Time

The article discusses the translation and interpretation of lines 51-52 from the Medinet Abu inscription, which dates to the 5th year of the reign of Pharaoh Ramses III. For the first time, this inscription drew the attention of the Soviet classicist Vadim Tsymbursky (1957-2009). In 1994 he suggested that lines 51-52 comprise a mention of the Trojan War. However, Tsymbursky did not read Ancient Egyptian and therefore he was not in a position to bring forward a sufficient argument to confirm his suggestion. Russian scholars in the recent years have produced a series of expert studies regarding the topic in question, which, however, have neither confirmed nor rejected the Tsymbursky hypothesis. In 2006, and subsequently in 2019, the author of the present article examined de visu the inscription in question and offered a new interpretation: “(51) Northern foreign lands trembled in their bodies, namely: peleset, teker [and tursha], (52) whose own land was ravaged. Their souls approached their end”. The author puts the Egyptian message into a clear historical context and justifies the possibility to compare the contents of these lines with the Greek epic tradition of the Trojan War.

scholarly journals Vampire Contagion as a Forensic Fact

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ádám Mézes
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Contact Zone ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Secondary Literature ◽  
The Creation

The present article traces the creation of the peculiar concept of the vampiric contagion or “vampirization” through the work of two official commissions which investigated vampires in Habsburg Serbia in 1732. Even though the importance of the documents prepared by the commissions has been duly recognized in intellectual and cultural histories, a closer look at the narrower historical context yields additional insights into how the figure of the vampire was construed. This approach also helps us do justice to the work of the first commission, led by contagion physician Glaser, which usually receives undeservedly little attention in the secondary literature. While acknowledging the Habsburg cameralistic state administration’s efforts at controlling and disciplining the borderland’s population, the article seeks to interpret the vampire as a product of a contact zone, co-created by the local Orthodox population and the borderland’s medical administration.

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