scholarly journals Histological changes in the gills, livers and muscles of Oreochromis niloticus fed with steriod, natural hormone and pawpaw seed based diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-497
Author(s):  
Edinadose Orose ◽  
Okechukwu Kenneth Wokeh ◽  
Edafe Odioko
Keyword(s):  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Natural Hormone ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Carica Papaya Seed ◽  
Sus Domesticus ◽  
Group 1

This study was conducted to evaluate the histological changes of 17αmethyl-testosterone (MT), wet testes of bull (Bos indicus), boar (Sus domesticus), bull/mud catfish testes (B. indicus/C. gariepinus) and pawpaw (Carica papaya) seed powder-based diet on the Nile tilapia fry in an indoor experimental pond. Histological changes and efficacies in producing monosex males were determined after four months. Fifty-five fry were assigned randomly to three experimental ponds in triplicates. Five experimental feeds composed of soya-bean, fish meal, wheat bran, cassava flour were formulated by adding 0.06g of 17α- methyl-testosterone, 17.47g of bull wet testes, 25.59g of boar wet testes, 20.48g of bull/catfish and 20g of pawpaw seed powder per kg of feed to group 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 respectively. Obtained results from the morphological examination revealed a significant difference (p < 0.05) in phenotypic males of the Nile tilapia fry fed with the experimental diets. The highest indistinct percentage was recorded in the 17αmethyl-testosterone-treated diet while the lowest was recorded in diets 3 and 4 with no significant differences. All the groups showed histopathological differences in the livers, gills, and muscles. However, the liver histology of groups 1 and 5 showed central vessels that are mildly congested with abundant glycogen vacuolation and somewhat fat infiltration, while the histology of the muscles of group 5 showed pathological lesions including moderate to severe necrosis. These alterations can be considered an indication of the performance and health of fish in monosex culture medium indicating effects of plant extract and MT.

Effects of Surface Texture and Etching Time on Roughness and Bond Strength to Ground Enamel

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre Figueiredo Reis ◽  
Flávio Henrique Baggio Aguiar ◽  
Marcelo Giannini ◽  
Patricia Nóbrega Rodrigues Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Surface Texture ◽  
Etching Time ◽  
Ground Enamel ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Etch And Rinse ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 10 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Aim The aim of this study was to assess the influence of surface texture and etching technique on surface roughness (Ra) and bond strength (BS) to enamel and to determine if a correlation exists between them. Methods and Materials Fifty enamel blocks were either roughened with 600-grit SiC paper or polished with diamond pastes. After establishing ten test groups (n=5), the initial Ra measurements, rough (R) and smooth (S) enamel surfaces were etched according to the following protocols: Group 1(R)/Group 2(S)- 35% phosphoric acid gel (H3PO4) for 15 seconds; Group 3(R)/Group 4(S)- 35% H3PO4 for 60 seconds; Group 5(R)/Group 6(S)- Clearfil SE Bond primer for 20 seconds; Group 7(R)/Group 8(S)- self-etching primer (SEP) for 60 seconds; Group 9(R)/ Group 10(S)- 35% H3PO4 for 15 seconds + SEP for 20 seconds. After treatments, a new Ra measurement was performed and enamel surfaces were bonded with either Single Bond (Group 1 to Group 4) or Clearfil SE Bond (Group 5 to Group 10). Afterwards, specimens were prepared for the microtensile test. Ra values were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the BS values were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA and Tukey test (5%). Correlation between BS and Ra values was assessed using the Pearson's test. Results The application of SEP produced the lowest Ra values. No significant difference was detected between the BS values of polished and rough surfaces. No correlation was observed between Ra and BS values. Even though etching enamel with the SEP resulted in a surface with less roughness, similar BS values were observed for both self-etching and etch-and-rinse techniques. Conclusion Within the limits of this study increasing the etching time or combining both etching techniques failed to improve the BS using SEP or etch-and-rinse systems. Clinical Significance Based on the findings of this study, there is no clinical justification for increasing the etching time or for combining the use of a SEP following the use of a 35% H3PO4 etchant to achieve a greater BS to ground enamel. Citation Reis AF, Aguiar FHB, Pereira PNR, Giannini M. Effects of Surface Texture and Etching Time on Roughness and Bond Strength to Ground Enamel. J Contemp Dent Pract 2009 July; (10)4:017-025.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the effect of two commercially available non-alcoholic mouth rinses on the microhardness of composite material - An invitro study

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (Issue 1) ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
Reshma Rajasekhar ◽  
Baby James ◽  
Minimol K Johny ◽  
Jose Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Composite Resins ◽  
Chemical Effect ◽  
Mouth Rinses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nanohybrid Composite ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Vicker’S Microhardness ◽  
Posterior Restorations ◽  
Group 1

Composites have been widely used for anterior as well as posterior restorations due to increased aesthetic demands. Composite restorations placed in patients oral cavity is subjected to masticatory load, pH changes and chemical effect due to mouthwashes, beverages, food etc and the detrimental effects associated with these challenges on the microhardness of composite has to be determined. The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of two commercially available non-alcoholic mouth rinses on the microhardness of micro-hybrid and nanohybrid composite resins. Forty disc-shaped composite specimens were made from each type of composite materials and were divided into 5 groups with 8 samples each, Group 1= Microhybrid+Chlorhex, Group2=Microhybrid + Hexidine, Group3= Nanohybrid + Chlorhex, Group4= Nanohybrid+ Hexidine, Group 5= Nanohybrid and Micro hybrid + artificial saliva(Control).The samples were immersed in mouthrinses for 24 hrs and microhardness was subsequently measured using a Vicker’s microhardness tester. There was no significant difference in microhardness values of tested composite resins in either mouth rinses when compared to composites immersed in artificial saliva. Non-alcoholic mouth rinses do not affect the microhardness of micro-hybrid and nanohybrid composites.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Apical Filling after Warm Vertical Compaction using Two Different Endodontic Materials: Resilon® and Gutta-Percha

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-170
Author(s):  
Carla Zogheib ◽  
Etienne Medioni
Keyword(s):  
Group 4 ◽  
Gutta Percha ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ah Plus ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Warm Vertical Compaction ◽  
Group 1

ABSTRACT Forty-eight extracted maxillary anterior teeth instrumented with ProTaper system to apical preparations 0.25, 0.40 and 0.60 mm (n = 16 each) were divided into six groups for filling as following: Group 1: Apical preparation 25/100 + gutta-percha/AH Plus sealer, group 2: Apical preparation 25/100 + Resilon/Real Seal, group 3: Apical preparation 40/100 + gutta-percha/AH plus sealer, group 4: Apical preparation 40/100 + Resilon/Real Seal, group 5: Apical preparation 60/100 + gutta-percha/AH plus, group 6: Apical preparation 60/100 + Resilon/Real Seal. All teeth were filled using the warm vertical technique. Horizontal sections at 1, 2 and 3 mm from the apex were observed by SEM under 200 × magnification. Sections were digitally photographed under a stereomicroscope and the images were transferred to a compatible PC for image analysis. The surface area of voids were calculated and compared at all levels; using the Kruskal-Wallis test with Sidak correction and Mann-Whitney U test (p > 0.05). Comparisons within each group (gutta-percha/AH plus and Resilon/Real Seal) showed the presence of voids but there was no significant difference between any level of sectioning for apical preparations of 25 and 40 (p > 0.05). The only difference was in the groups prepared to size 60 and filled with Resilon/ Real Seal which showed significantly more voids than the group filled with gutta-percha/AH plus and especially at the 3 mm level. Conclusion The system Resilon/Real Seal did not achieve better results in terms of sealing ability in the apical third when compared to the conventional gutta-percha/AH plus sealing system. How to cite this article Zogheib C, Naaman A, Medioni E. Evaluation of Apical Filling after Warm Vertical Compaction using Two Different Endodontic Materials: Resilon® and Gutta-Percha. World J Dent 2012;3(2):166-170.

scholarly journals Syzygium aromaticum (CLOVE) EFFECT ON CATALASE ACTIVITY DUE TO CARBON TETRACHLORIDE-INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS IN RAT LIVER

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Ani Retno Prijanti ◽  
AA Hawali
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Activity Measurement ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 1

Background: Clove is known as antioxidant spice that used in cigarettes, spice for food/soup, and traditional medicine. It is believed that clove could protect smokers from cigarette-free radicals. Otherwise, study on clove as an antioxidant was still confused.Objective: To reveal that clove can overcome carbon tetra chloride (CCl4) and its free radical derivesMethod:  This study was an experimental research, using 20 Wistar rats that were divided into 4 groups, Group 1 (CCl4 + cloves 3), group 2 (CCl4 + cloves 1), group 3 (normal control, without being offered treatment), group 4 (positive control, induced by CCl4 and followed by 100 mg alpha-tocopherol), and group 5 (negative control, only induced by CCl4). Rat livers were homogenized and followed with CAT activity measurement using spectrophotometry method of Mates.Results: There was a significant difference in mean between the groups (p= 0,001). Further test, the Post Hoc showed that there is a significance different between group 1 and 4 (p=0.008), 1 and 5 (p=0.001), 2 and 5 (p=0.001), 3 and 5 (p=0.001), and 4 and 5 (p=0.007). Group 1 (CCl4+Clove3) has the highest catalase activity.Conclusion: Syzygium aromaticum (clove) oral administration with the dose of 200 mg/kg rat body weight against 0.55 mg/kgBW CCl4 show increased of catalase activity but did not overcome the oxidative stress.

Blood Ca2+ modulates responsiveness of renal 25(OH)D3-1 alpha-hydroxylase to PTH in rats

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (5) ◽  
pp. E503-E507 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Matsumoto ◽  
K. Ikeda ◽  
K. Morita ◽  
S. Fukumoto ◽  
H. Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Base Line ◽  
Hydroxylase Activity ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Serum Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Group 1

To clarify whether extracellular Ca2+ modulates renal 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3]-1 alpha-hydroxylase, thyroparathyroidectomized rats were infused with 15 mM CaCl2, 20 mM EGTA, and/or 2.5 U/h parathyroid hormone (PTH), and blood Ca2+, serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D], and renal 1 alpha-hydroxylase activity were determined. Rats with CaCl2, EGTA, or PTH infusion (group 1) exhibited low blood Ca2+, serum 1,25(OH)2D, and 1 alpha-hydroxylase activities. Infusion of CaCl2 alone (group 2) caused a significant increase in blood Ca2+ and a reduction in serum 1,25(OH)2D and 1 alpha-hydroxylase compared with group 1. Administration of PTH alone (group 3) markedly elevated blood Ca2+, serum 1,25(OH)2D, and 1 alpha-hydroxylase activity. When EGTA was infused along with PTH (group 4), blood Ca2+ was significantly reduced compared with group 3, and serum 1,25(OH)2D and renal 1 alpha-hydroxylase were further elevated. In contrast, when CaCl2 was infused with PTH (group 5), blood Ca2+ was higher than that in group 3, and serum 1,25(OH)2D and 1 alpha-hydroxylase activities were significantly reduced compared with group 3. No significant difference in serum inorganic phosphate or urinary cAMP excretion was observed by CaCl2 or EGTA infusion in both PTH-treated and nontreated rats. These results demonstrate that extracellular Ca2+ modulates the responsiveness of renal 1 alpha-hydroxylase to PTH as well as the base-line activity of the enzyme in the absence of PTH. These effects of extracellular Ca2+ on renal 1 alpha-hydroxylase may serve to offer an efficient way of regulating 1,25(OH)2D production and serum 1,25(OH)2D concentration by altering the responsiveness of 1 alpha-hydroxylase to PTH and possibly other stimulations depending on the demand for Ca2+.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Speech Perception and Language Outcomes for Infants Receiving Cochlear Implants Before or After 9 Months of Age: Use of Category-Based Aggregation of Data in an Unselected Pediatric Cohort

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Shani Dettman ◽  
Dawn Choo ◽  
Agnes Au ◽  
Amy Luu ◽  
Richard Dowell
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Language Data ◽  
Criterion Referenced ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Purpose This retrospective study aimed to amass large data sets to enable statistical comparisons of communication outcomes for infants receiving cochlear implants (CIs) before 9 months of age compared to groups who received their first CI between 9 months and 3.5 years of age. Method Speech perception scores and experienced clinicians' observations were used to refine the Categories of Auditory Performance Index (CAPI), thus creating its revised version, namely, the CAPI-Revised (CAPI-R). Standardized and criterion-referenced language data were used to create the novel Categories of Linguistic Performance (CLIP). The association between CAPI-R and CLIP data at two time points post implant (at 2 years of device experience and at 5 years of age) was examined in a large unselected cohort stratified for age at first implant: before 9 months (Group 1), between 9 and 12 months (Group 2), between 13 and 18 months (Group 3), between 19 and 24 months (Group 4), between 25 and 30 months (Group 5), between 31 and 36 months (Group 6), and between 37 and 42 months (Group 7). Results CAPI-R medians were 5 at 2 years of device experience, and 6 at 5 years of age. At 2 years of device experience, there was no significant difference in CAPI-R medians for children who received their first CI before 9 months compared to all other age-at-implant groups. At 5 years of age, a significantly better CAPI-R median was demonstrated by Group 1 (CI before 9 months) compared to Groups 4, 5, 6, and 7. CLIP medians were 3 at 2 years of device experience, and at 5 years of age. At 2 years device experience, and at 5 years of age, the Group 1 CLIP medians were significantly better than later age-at-implant groups. Conclusion Median CAPI-R outcomes supported access to CIs before 18 months of age for speech perception, and median CLIP outcomes supported access to CIs before 9 months of age for optimum language development.

Evaluation of the Effect of Different Ferrule Designs on the Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Maxillary Central Incisors Incorporating Fiber Posts, Composite Cores and Crown Restorations

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 62-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emre Ozel ◽  
Idil Dikbas ◽  
Jale Tanalp ◽  
Temel Koksal ◽  
Mustafa Ersoy
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Resistance ◽  
Quartz Fiber ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Fiber Posts ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 6 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Aim The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fracture resistance of endodontically treated maxillary central incisors restored with quartz fiber posts, composite cores, and crowns when different types of ferrule designs were incorporated. Methods and Materials Sixty maxillary incisors were divided into six groups: Group 1 (control): teeth with root canal treatments having a full crown prosthesis; Group 2: teeth with a 2 mm circumferential ferrule; Group 3: teeth with a 2 mm ferrule only in the vestibular region; Group 4: teeth with a 2 mm ferrule only in the palatal region; Group 5: teeth with a 2 mm ferrule in the vestibular and palatal region, having cavities in both proximal areas; and Group 6: teeth with no ferrule. The teeth in the experimental groups were restored with quartz fiber posts-composite cores and full metallic crowns. All experimental teeth were subjected to an increasing compressive force with a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min, until fracture occurred. Results The median fracture values of groups were as follows: Group 1: 574.4 N, Group 2: 472.4 N, Group 3: 474.3 N, Group 4: 480.7 N, Group 5: 463.1 N, and Group 6: 297.9 N. A statistically significant difference was found between Group 1 and Group 6 (p< 0.01). Conclusion It was concluded different ferrule designs did not have any influence on the fracture resistance of teeth with fiber posts. The results of this study indicate fiber posts can safely be used for their reinforcing properties. Furthermore, there is no significant change in the resistance of teeth with fiber posts regardless of which ferrule design is incorporated. The property of these types of posts is an additional advantage in clinical practice. Citation Dikbas I, Tanalp J, Ozel E, Koksal T, Ersoy M. Evaluation of the Effect of Different Ferrule Designs on the Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Maxillary Central Incisors Incorporating Fiber Posts, Composite Cores and Crown Restorations. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007 November; (8)7:062-069.

Expression of the Proto-Oncogene eIF4E in Inflammation of the Oral Cavity

2002 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binoy Chandy ◽  
Fleurette Abreo ◽  
Raja Nassar ◽  
Fred J. Stucker ◽  
Cherie-Ann Nathan
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Normal Mucosa ◽  
Premalignant Lesions ◽  
Mild Dysplasia ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

OBJECTIVE: eIF4E (4E) is elevated in 100% of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and in premalignant lesions of the larynx. However, it is not elevated in normal mucosa. In this study, we hypothesize that 4E is not significantly elevated in inflammation unlike its expression in premalignant lesions of the oral cavity. STUDY DESIGN: Biopsies from the oral cavity were divided into 5 groups: (1) normal mucosa, (2) chronic inflammation, (3) mild dysplasia from leukoplakic lesions, (4) mild dysplasia in surgical margins of patients with HNSCC, and (5) HNSCC. Immunohistochemical qualitative analysis was then performed. RESULTS: None of the 15 specimens in group 1 and 100% of the 15 specimens in group 5 expressed 4E. Of the 29 specimens in group 2 only 4/29 (13%) overexpressed 4E compared with 10/31 (32%) in group 3 and 9/21 (42%) in group 4. There was a significant difference between groups 2 and 3 and groups 2 and 4 ( P < 0.0001 and P < 0.003 respectively) but no significant difference between groups 1 and 2 ( P = 0.13) and between groups 3 and 4 ( P = 0.30). CONCLUSION: 4E is not significantly elevated in inflammation of the oral cavity thus fulfilling one of the criteria that biomarkers require to be useful in a clinical setting.

scholarly journals Toxicity Studies on Aqueous Stem Bark of Khaya senegalensis Extract of Kidneys and Its Biochemical Parameters in Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
U. Abubakar ◽  
J. O. Adisa ◽  
U. Mohammed ◽  
R. I. Tsamiya ◽  
M. O. Mohammed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Terminal Leaflet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Khaya Senegalensis ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 1

Introduction: Khaya senegalensis is a genus of seven species of trees in the mahogany family Meliaceae, native to tropical Africa and Madagascar. Mahogany  in  English, Aganwo  in  Yoruba,  Madachi  in  Hausa  and  Ono  in  Igbo. All species become big trees 30–35m tall, rarely 45m, with a trunk over 1 m trunk diameter, often buttressed at the base. The leaves are pinnate, with 4-6 pairs of leaflets, the terminal leaflet absent; each leaflet is 10–15 cm long abruptly rounded toward the apex but often with an acuminate tip. Aim: The  aim of  the study  was  to determine  the Toxic  effect of prolonged oral administration  of  the  aqueous stem bark of  Khaya senegalensis extract  on the histology of  Kidneys and its biochemical parameters in wistar rats. Methods: This work is an experimental research. A total of 20 wistar rats were randomly divided in to 5 groups each of which consist of 4 rats. Group 1 received distilled water to serve as control while group 2, 3, 4, and 5 received 500 mg/kg bw, 1000 mg/kg bw 2000 mg/kg bw  and 4000 mg/kg bw of the aqueous extract respectively for 60 days after which they were sacrificed, processed in Automatic Tissue Processor machine, Sectioned and stained with H &E. Results: There was statistical significant increase in urea and potassium in all the test groups but is not dose dependent. The creatinine was significantly increased in groups 2, 4 and 5. While other parameters such as sodium, chloride and bicarbonate no significant difference when compared to the control group. The kidney sections showed normal structure in group 1 when compared with the test groups. However, there was significant infiltration of inflammatory cell across all the groups which were suggestive of kidney damage or injury. Similarly phenomenon was noticed in group 5 with additional congestion in the glomerulus and more polymorphs seen. Conclusion: The LD50 was found to be greater than 5000 mg/kg bw, therefore, 400 mg/kgbw was used as higher dose in the experimental wistar rats. There were statistical significant increases in some parameters groups while some groups not significant. The kidney section showed significant infiltration of polymorphs across all the groups more marked in group 5 with distension and damaging of the glomerulus indicating renal injury.

Physicochemical Analysis of Dental and Household Hypochlorites

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Méndez Velázquez
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Pulp Tissue ◽  
Common Solution ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
All Solutions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Aim: Sodium hypochlorite is the most common solution in the Endodontics field, however, NaOCl concentrations of commercial brands which are prepared for this purpose differ from their actual concentration. The aim of this study was to compare the physicochemical properties of dental and household hypochlorites. Materials and Methods: The solutions were divided in the following groups: Control: Clorarex 6%, Group 1: Viarzoni-T 5.25%, Group 2: Endo Chlord 3%, Group 3: Chlor- XTRA 6%, Group 4: Viarzoni-T (diluted from 5.25%), Group 5: Cloralex (diluted from 6%), Group 6: Chlor- Xtra (diluted from 6%). pH and temperature were measured by means of potentiometer, dilution test was performed using bovine tissue and exposed to each solution. For cytotoxicity assay, erythrocytes were exposed to each solution and stained with Sternheimer-Malbin solution. Results: Dissolution times showed a significant difference since the shortest time was Cloralex (6.6 ± 2.09). The solution with the highest alkalinity in the original concentration was Endo Chlord for dental use (11.7 ± 2.2). The solution with the highest alkalinity in the original concentration was Endo Chlord for dental use (11.7 ± 2.2) but it also was the solution with less cytotoxicity. Conclusion: Viarzoni-T was the only solution without any dissolving capacity, Cloralex, ChorlXtra and EndoChlord were capable of dissolving bovine pulp tissue effectively, reducing their concentration of Cloralex and ChlorXtra did not reduce the pH, but all solutions showed a cytotoxic effect on erythrocites.

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