scholarly journals Proton Induced X-ray Emission Studies Using Folded tandem Ion Accelerator (FOTIA) at Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Trombay, Mumbai, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Daisy Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Research Centre ◽  
Geological Samples ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ion Accelerator ◽  
Forensic Samples ◽  
Intensity Ratios ◽  
Folded Tandem Ion Accelerator ◽  
Emission Studies

The Folded Tandem Ion Accelerator (FOTIA) at Van De Graaff was used to study PIXE (Particle-induced X-ray Emission) using protons of energy 3-5 MeV. It has been used for a variety of applications from studying intensity ratios, biological samples (blood), rare earth, materials (gold standards), geological samples (gemstones) pottery samples and forensic samples (ink). This article attempts to elucidate the preparation methods of the samples, the detectors used, the analysis and the findings therein for different applications.

PIXE STUDIES ON GOLD STANDARDS BY PROTONS OF ENERGY 3.3 MeV

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 141-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAISY JOSEPH ◽  
A. SAXENA ◽  
S. K. GUPTA ◽  
S. KAILAS
Keyword(s):  
Proton Beam ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ion Accelerator ◽  
Folded Tandem Ion Accelerator ◽  
Certified Values ◽  
A Current ◽  
Gold Standards

Proton Induced X-ray Emission Technique (PIXE) has been used in analyzing Gold standards of 22, 20, 18, and 14 karats with a proton beam of Energy 3.3 MeV at the newly commissioned Folded Tandem Ion Accelerator (FOTIA) at B.A.R.C, Trombay. Well resolved Au and Ag X-rays were detected at a current of 3 nA . Percentage values of gold and silver were calculated and were checked with those obtained by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) Method and were found to be in agreement with the certified values as well as those obtained by XRF.

CHARACTERIZATION OF A FEW GEM STONES BY X-RAY EMISSION TECHNIQUES (EDXRF AND EXTERNAL PIXE)

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 127-134
Author(s):  
DAISY JOSEPH
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Periodic Table ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Testing Laboratory ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ion Accelerator ◽  
Natural Zircon ◽  
Folded Tandem Ion Accelerator ◽  
Kapton Foil

X-ray Emission Techniques (EDXRF) and External Proton Induced X-ray Emission Technique (PIXE) have been used to characterize 13 gem stones obtained from Gem Testing Laboratory, Jaipur, India. Radioisotope sources 109 Cd and 241 Am were used to excite the gem stones to generate K and L X-rays in the low and high Z region of the periodic table to investigate trace element inclusions besides the main matrix. A proton beam of 4 MeV energy and current of 8 nA intensity were extracted from the FOTIA (Folded Tandem Ion Accelerator) at VandeGaaff Accelerator, Trombay, Mumbai in air through a Kapton foil of 8 micrometer thick mounted on a Teflon cone. Gem stones such as Labradorite Feldspar, Moonstone Feldspar, Almandine Garnet, Tsavorite Garnet, Apatite, Natural Spinel, Natural Zircon, Spessartine Garnet, Natural Ruby (Lead filled), Natural Ruby were characterized for their elemental profile to see the differences in composition besides the main matrix differences. Elements such as Ca , Ti , V , Cr , Mn , Fe , Cu , Zn , Sr , Y and Zr were detected.

Influence of X-Ray Induced Fluorescence on Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis of Thin Foils

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 328-329
Author(s):  
E. A. Kenik ◽  
J. Bentley
Keyword(s):  
Thin Foil ◽  
Electron Excitation ◽  
Simple Approach ◽  
Foil Thickness ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hole Spectrum ◽  
Illumination System ◽  
Thin Foils ◽  
Intensity Ratios

Cliff and Lorimer (1) have proposed a simple approach to thin foil x-ray analy sis based on the ratio of x-ray peak intensities. However, there are several experimental pitfalls which must be recognized in obtaining the desired x-ray intensities. Undesirable x-ray induced fluorescence of the specimen can result from various mechanisms and leads to x-ray intensities not characteristic of electron excitation and further results in incorrect intensity ratios.In measuring the x-ray intensity ratio for NiAl as a function of foil thickness, Zaluzec and Fraser (2) found the ratio was not constant for thicknesses where absorption could be neglected. They demonstrated that this effect originated from x-ray induced fluorescence by blocking the beam with lead foil. The primary x-rays arise in the illumination system and result in varying intensity ratios and a finite x-ray spectrum even when the specimen is not intercepting the electron beam, an ‘in-hole’ spectrum. We have developed a second technique for detecting x-ray induced fluorescence based on the magnitude of the ‘in-hole’ spectrum with different filament emission currents and condenser apertures.

Quantitative Analysis Of X-Ray Images From Geological Materials

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-245
Author(s):  
J. M. Paque ◽  
R. Browning ◽  
P. L. King ◽  
P. Pianetta
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Bulk Composition ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Analytical Description ◽  
Bulk Sample ◽  
Geological Samples ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Software And Hardware ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Insight Into

Geological samples typically contain many minerals (phases) with multiple element compositions. A complete analytical description should give the number of phases present, the volume occupied by each phase in the bulk sample, the average and range of composition of each phase, and the bulk composition of the sample. A practical approach to providing such a complete description is from quantitative analysis of multi-elemental x-ray images.With the advances in recent years in the speed and storage capabilities of laboratory computers, large quantities of data can be efficiently manipulated. Commercial software and hardware presently available allow simultaneous collection of multiple x-ray images from a sample (up to 16 for the Kevex Delta system). Thus, high resolution x-ray images of the majority of the detectable elements in a sample can be collected. The use of statistical techniques, including principal component analysis (PCA), can provide insight into mineral phase composition and the distribution of minerals within a sample.

K shell X-ray intensity ratios, K-Li, K-L, and K-M vacancy transfer probabilities of Ba and Tl following internal conversion process

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (11) ◽  
pp. 1489-1493 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.V. Sreevidya ◽  
S.B. Gudennavar ◽  
Daisy Joseph ◽  
S.G. Bubbly
Keyword(s):  
Beta Decay ◽  
Internal Conversion ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Conversion Process ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Multichannel Analyser ◽  
Intensity Ratios

K shell X-rays of barium and thallium following internal conversion decay in Cs137 and Hg203, respectively, were detected using a Si(Li) X-ray detector coupled to PC-based 8k multichannel analyser employing the method suggested earlier by our group. The K shell X-ray intensity ratios and vacancy transfer probabilities for thallium and barium were calculated. The obtained results are compared with theoretical, semiempirical, and others’ experimental results obtained via photoionization as well as decay processes. The effects of beta decay and internal conversion on X-ray emission probabilities are discussed.

K-shell X-ray intensity ratios and vacancy transfer probabilities of Pt, Au, and Pb by a simple method

2014 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 392-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. F. M. Anand ◽  
S. B. Gudennavar ◽  
S. G. Bubbly ◽  
B. R. Kerur
Keyword(s):  
Simple Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Intensity Ratios
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