Cognitive Universal Educational Actions of Primary Schoolchildren: Characteristics, Methods and Techniques of Formation

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
N. Romaeva ◽  
N. Astrecova

The article discusses the actual problem of the formation of cognitive universal educational actions in younger schoolchildren in the context of the implementation of the changing requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of Primary General Education. The approaches to the definition of concepts, groups and main characteristics of cognitive universal educational actions that students must master at the first stage of school education are analyzed. The effective methods and techniques for the formation of this type of educational actions in younger schoolchildren are presented.

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
Natalya Vinogradova

The article discusses the problem of the formation of functional literacy of primary schoolchildren as the main learning outcome that meets the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of Primary General Education. The article reveals the characteristics of the concept of “functional literacy”, which includes two groups of achievements of a younger student - subject and metasubject. The reader gets acquainted with the widespread pedagogical “mistakes” of the teacher, as well as the difficulties that children face in the learning process. The main types of educational activity are determined, which to the greatest extent contribute to the formation of functional literacy of primary schoolchildren, which primarily include search and research activities.


2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
A. Shmidt

The article reveals the goals and methods of organizing the differential education of primary schoolchildren in mathematics, which involves taking into account the individuality, level of ability and degree of independence of each schoolchild, as well as providing him with timely assistance in case of difficulties. Methods of differentiation and means of assisting students are described, which are used by the teacher in the classroom to solve various types of arithmetic problems. The effectiveness of a differentiated approach to the formation of mathematical literacy of primary schoolchildren is emphasized, which makes it possible to guarantee compliance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of Primary General Education with the planned learning outcomes.


2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-69
Author(s):  
Ulzytueva Alexandra I. ◽  
◽  
Kurganskaya Alla V. ◽  

The article updates the problem of developing the skills of analyzing a work of art in children of preschool and primary school age. The article defines the significance of the analysis of works of fiction in solving the problems of introducing children to book culture, forming interest in reading children’s literature. The solution of the indicated problems is possible when teachers of preschool and primary general education have methodological competence, manifested in knowledge of the features of works of folklore and fiction, in the ability to analyze them. In order to identify the formation of methodological competence, teachers of preschool educational organizations and secondary schools were offered questionnaires, the results of the questionnaire are presented in the article. It was revealed that teachers realize the importance of analyzing works of art, know the methods and techniques of analyzing works, explaining words unfamiliar to children, are able to formulate questions that reveal an understanding of the content of the work, etc. However, it is not always correct to determine at what stage of acquaintance with an art work it is appropriate to ask questions of a different nature, focused on a deep analysis of the work. The analysis of teacher questionnaires and the direct monitoring of the educational activities of children and teachers in preschool educational organizations and schools indicate the need for systematic and systematic work to increase the methodological competence of primary school teachers and teachers in the field of analysis of works of art. Keywords: analysis of artistic work, children of preschool and primary school age, methodological competence, methods and techniques of analysis of artistic work, federal state educational standard of preschool education, federal state educational standard of primary general education


2021 ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
N. Vorozheykina

The article describes the difficulties in the formation of a number of universal educational actions in younger schoolchildren, such as semantic reading, analysis of visual (pictorial) information when mastering the historical material of the course "The World Around". The informational function of a textbook on the subject "The World Around" is considered as the main means of teaching, contributing to the formation of systematized historical ideas among junior schoolchildren. The possibilities of improving the cognitive activity of students in the process of working with textual and visual information of historical content presented in the textbook are revealed, which has a direct impact on the successful acquisition of metasubject skills by primary schoolchildren, stated in the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of Primary General Education for learning outcomes.


10.12737/1338 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Ромашина ◽  
Svetlana Romashina ◽  
Погорелая ◽  
Galina Pogorelaya

Educational potential of using the regional content in the course of teaching foreign language to primary schoolchildren in the RF are discussed. Special attention is given to the contents of foreign language textbooks, satisfying requirements needed for implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard for the Primary General Education.


2021 ◽  
pp. 33-51
Author(s):  
Татьяна Ивановна Киселёва

В статье рассматривается внеурочная деятельность как средство развития познавательных интересов младших школьников. Автор сравнивает такие понятия как «внеурочная» деятельность, «внеучебная» деятельность и «внеклассная» работа. В соответствии с требованиями Федерального государственного образовательного стандарта начального общего образования (Приказ Министерства просвещения РФ от 31 мая 2021 г. № 286 “Об утверждении федерального государственного образовательного стандарта начального общего образования”) (далее ФГОС НОО - 21), образовательная организация должна создать условия для максимально полного обеспечения образовательных потребностей и интересов обучающихся. При этом наличие у обучающихся познавательного интереса считается важным критерием эффективности достижения результатов освоения учебных предметов, курсов и внеурочной деятельности. Внеурочная деятельность в составе основной образовательной программы начального общего образования является важным средством по развитию познавательного интереса школьников. Под познавательным интересом младших школьников в нашем исследовании понимаем направленность личности на процесс познания, которая характеризуется положительным эмоционально-ценностным отношением к процессу или предмету познания, проявляется в интеллектуально-творческой деятельности, благотворно влияет на развитие одарённости, на воспитание инициативности и самостоятельности, но в силу особенностей возраста отличается неустойчивостью и динамичностью. Особая роль в развитии познавательных интересов младших школьников отводится внеурочной деятельности. При этом значения «внеклассная», «внеурочная» и «внеучебная» деятельность в последнее время часто отождествляют. Постараемся разобраться в отличиях данных понятий и уточним определение «внеурочная деятельность». The article examines the possibilities, methods and conditions of organizing extracurricular activities as a means of developing the cognitive interests of younger schoolchildren. The author considers the difference between such concepts as "extracurricular", "extracurricular" activity, "extracurricular" work. In accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of Primary General Education (Order of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation dated May 31, 2021 No. 286 "On Approval of the Federal State Educational Standard of primary general Education") (hereinafter referred to as the Federal State Educational Standard NOO - 21), an educational organization must create conditions for the fullest possible provision of educational needs and interests of students. At the same time, the presence of cognitive interest in students is considered an important criterion for the effectiveness of achieving the results of mastering academic subjects, courses and extracurricular activities. Extracurricular activities as part of the basic educational program of primary general education are an important means of developing the cognitive interest of schoolchildren. Under the cognitive interest of younger schoolchildren in our study, we understand the orientation of the personality to the process of cognition, which is characterized by a positive emotional and value attitude to the process or subject of cognition, manifests itself in intellectual and creative activity, has a beneficial effect on the development of giftedness, on the education of initiative and independence, but due to the peculiarities of age, it is unstable and dynamic. Extracurricular activities play a special role in the development of cognitive interests of younger schoolchildren. At the same time, the meanings of "extracurricular", "extracurricular" and "extracurricular" activities have often been identified recently. We will try to understand the differences between these concepts and clarify the definition of "extracurricular activities".


2020 ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Гульнара Даминжановна Гуторова

Раскрывается сущность и содержание метапредметного подхода, направленного на обеспечение восхождения предметной познавательной деятельности обучающихся на надпредметный уровень. Метапредметное содержание общего образования является совокупностью надпредметных дидактических единиц («метапредметов», «первосмыслов»), а также методов осуществления метапредметной познавательной деятельности. Метапредметные результаты состоят из метапредметных знаний, метапредметных компетенций и универсальных учебных действий. Метапредметные знания являются знаниями более высокой степени абстракции в сравнении с предметными знаниями, относящимися к одной предметной области, такие знания могут быть получены только на основе сочетания знаний из нескольких предметных областей. Дано собственное определение понятия «метапредметные компетенции» – представляющие собой интегративные способности обучающегося приобретать метапредметные знания с помощью соотнесения знаний из нескольких предметных областей, а также на основе сочетания способов ведения метапредметной познавательной деятельности из нескольких сфер (познавательная, регулятивная, коммуникативная) формировать универсальные учебные действия. The meta-subject approach was introduced into the system of primary general education in 2010. However, until now there is no officially accepted definition of the term “metasubject content”. The purpose of this study was to reveal the essence and content of the metasubject approach, aimed at ensuring the raise of the subjective cognitive activity of students to the over-subject level. For this aim the author of the article studied the positions of leading scientific schools on the meta-subject content of general education, meta-subject competences and the meta-subject approach as a whole, made a content analysis of the key concepts, correlated the positions of representatives of leading scientific schools on a meta-subject approach with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard, and formulated own position on system-forming concepts. The meta-subject content of general education is a totality of over-subject didactic units (“meta-subjects”, “primary meanings”), as well as methods of conducting meta-subject cognitive activity. Meta-subject results consist of metasubject knowledge, universal learning activities and meta-subject competencies. Meta-subject knowledge refers to knowledge of a higher level of abstraction compared to subject knowledge related to one subject area. Meta-subject knowledge can be obtained only through a combination of knowledge from several subject areas. The author formulated his own definition of meta-subject competencies: meta-subject competencies are the learner’s integrative abilities to learn meta-subject knowledge based on correlation of knowledge from several subject areas, as well as to form universal educational actions based on a combination of different methods of conducting meta-subject cognitive activity from several areas (cognitive, regulatory, communicative).


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
S. Pichugin

The article outlines a range of methodological problems that arise when teaching younger schoolchildren, the ability to use information presented in the form of diagrams. Modern textbooks of mathematics for elementary school and methodological recommendations to them related to the topic “Diagrams” of the section “Working with information” are analyzed. Since the development in younger schoolchildren of the skills of working with visual sign-symbolic means of graphical presentation of information is one of the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of Primary General Education for meta-subject learning outcomes, the author proposes methodological techniques and a system of assignments that allow to eliminate the current and potential difficulties of primary school students when mastering charts.


2021 ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Natalya Vinogradova

The article discusses the problem of the formation of functional literacy of primary schoolchildren as the main learning outcome that meets the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of Primary General Education. The article reveals the characteristics of the concept of “functional literacy”, which includes two groups of achievements of a younger student - subject and metasubject. The reader gets acquainted with the widespread pedagogical “mistakes” of the teacher, as well as the difficulties that children face in the learning process. The main types of educational activity are determined, which to the greatest extent contribute to the formation of functional literacy of primary schoolchildren, which primarily include search and research activities.


Author(s):  
vetlana R. Khablieva ◽  
Zamirat K. Kargieva

The article actualizes the problem of the formation of control and evaluation activities of junior schoolchildren in mathematics lessons, reveals the essence of the basic concepts of the study. Various aspects of control and evaluation activities are described. The problem of readiness to use modern means of assessment is considered. Methods and means of forming control and evaluative independence of primary schoolchildren are systematized. The problems that are encountered when using innovative assessment tools are identified, as well as the advantages of modern assessment tools in comparison with the traditional system. The stages of the formation of control and evaluative activity in younger schoolchildren, implying the development of evaluative independence, have been determined. Control and evaluation activities should be considered as an element of formative assessment, containing control and evaluation activities of the teacher and the student. The federal state educational standard of primary general education is focused on achieving the planned results: personal, metasubject and subject. When considering metasubject results, universal educational actions are distinguished, consisting of regulatory universal educational actions, including elements of control and assessment. During the formation of control and assessment, junior schoolchildren develop control and assessment independence. Until now, the assessment system was built within the framework of a subject-oriented approach, therefore it reflects only the result of mastering knowledge in each subject, and not educational and cognitive activities or, moreover, the assessment of personal and metasubject educational achievements of students. In the new assessment system, criteria are developed jointly by the teacher and students and are aimed at ensuring that students participate in assessment and assessment activities, thereby developing the skills of control, mutual control and self-assessment. The development of pedagogical science, the experience of Russia’s participation in international procedures for assessing the quality of education, the introduction and implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard and the resulting changes in the system for assessing learning outcomes determined the relevance of the topic under consideration.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document