scholarly journals TO THE QUESTION OF TECHNIC-TECHNOLOGICAL SUPPORT OF SELECTION AND SEEDING OF SUGAR BEET

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Oleg Kukharev ◽  
Ivan Semov ◽  
Ivan Starostin
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Manual Labor ◽  
Sugar Production ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Technological Support ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Selection Of

Sugar beets are the only source of sugar in Russia. The use of new highly productive varieties and hybrids of sugar beet with high sugar content can significantly increase sugar production. To ensure the country’s food security in sugar production and reduce import dependence on sugar beet seeds, the strategic task is to resume domestic selection of sugar beets and provide it with beet seeds for the country. One of the factors restraining the development of domestic selection and seed production is the physically and morally obsolete technical base of selection and seed-growing institutes, centers and farms. In the selection of sugar beets, non-transplanting, planting and transplanting (plug-in) methods for producing sugar beet seeds are used. Of great practical interest is the introduction of the plug-in method for producing seeds, in which thickened sugar beet crops are created, due to which the optimal specific yield of uterine root crops is ensured, the area of arable land is most effectively used and the cost of seed production is reduced. Moreover, in the struggle for light, moisture and nutrients, the most powerful biotypes survive. The analysis of machines for selection and seed production shows that commercially available machines in our country do not meet the requirements of the technology for producing sugar beet seeds using the plug-in method. It is necessary to create and implement specialized machines, such as bed-forming mills, seeders for creating a thickened sowing, machines for minting seed plants and removing pollinators. The lines used for sorting the plugs require additional manual selection of root crops and rejection of damaged, rotten or infected plugs. Machines for landing plugs require the use of monotonous manual labor. It is promising to conduct research in the direction of automating the processes of cleaning, sorting and planting of plugs, minting testes, and eliminating manual labor during these operations.

scholarly journals Fertilizer circulation and nitrogen balance in the agrophytocenosis of sugar beet when acidizing typical chernozem (study with 15n)

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 03017
Author(s):  
A.S. Avilov ◽  
N.Ya. Shmyreva ◽  
A.A. Zavalin ◽  
O.A. Sokolov
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Gaseous Nitrogen ◽  
Typical Chernozem ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Beet Root ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Root Crops

The studies were carried out under the conditions of a microfield experiment on typical chernozem (Belgorod region) with two soils (pH 5.0 and 6.5) with the addition of urea (enriched in 15N, 17.1 at. %) And effluents from a pig-breeding complex (PSC) at doses of 6 and 12 g N/m2 (against the background of phosphate and potash fertilizers, P6K6). The largest amount of nitrogen was consumed by sugar beets with the combined introduction of CCA and urea (25.8 g N/m2). When the soil was acidified to pHsalt 5.0, the consumption of nitrogen in mineral fertilizers decreased by 15-18%, soil ni-trogen – by 21-52%, and waste nitrogen – by 16%. At the same time, the immobilization of nitrogen in the fertilizer decreased by 13-18%, and the loss of gaseous nitrogen compounds increased by 47-108%. The effluent from the pig-breeding complex increased the immobilization of nitrogen in mineral fertilizers (by 38-46%) and reduced gaseous nitrogen losses (by 22-44%). The highest stability and productivity (root crop yield 1654 g/m2, tops yield 239 g/m2) was exhibited by agrophytocenosis on soil with pH 6.5 with the combined application of CCA and urea. When the soil solution was acid-ified to pH 5.0, the yield of beet root crops decreased by 30% and the yield of tops – by 24%. On soil with pH 5.0, fertilizers increased the sugar content in root crops by 0.2-1.3%, on soil with pH 6.5, they decreased by 1.3-2.0%.

scholarly journals Estimation of new lines of multigerm pollinators of Verhnyatska selection sugar beets and their hybrids

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
О. Dubchak ◽  
L. Andrieieva ◽  
L. Palamarchuk
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Heterosis Effect ◽  
High Selection ◽  
Best Parameter ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Selection Of

The paper highlights the assessment of Verhnyatska selection new combination valuable multigerm of lines – pollinators (МP) efficiency, МS of lines of a different origin and heterozis of hybrids created on their basis. Verhnyatska МP are productive, combination-valuable and plasticity, proved by the hybrid combinations with МS by materials of all skilled-selection stations of a network of Institute of biocrops and sugar beet. At the grade test of 2018 more successful were combinations with МS by lines Ivanivska and Bila Tserkva research selection station. Sugar yield in hybrids made 111.4–108.9 % on the average. A number of experimental hybrids line created with Verhnyatcka selection lines-pollinators in 2019 is listed among the best in sugar yield per hectare. The submitted hybrids STs191125 and STs191134 were characterized by a high parameter of productivity (117.6 and 113.8 % to the standard accordingly). A number of the best hybrids for study in variety ecological testing is selected. Heterosis effect was observed in some cross combinations. The best parameter on productivity (110.0 %) was in the hybrid STs191135 – МS originator of a line of Yaltushkivska RSS. Sugar yield and output were higher than the standard by 8.4 and 14.2 %. The satisfactory parameters of efficiency were observed in the STs190309 hybrid. Its productivity made 104.0 %, sugar yield – 104.1 %, sugar output – 111.8 % to the standard. Significantly high sugar output was in the hybrid STs190815 (119.6 %), where both components of crossing were of Verhnyatska selection. The parameters of productivity, sugar content and yield were 107.7, 100.9 and 109.2 %. Due to a genetic variety of initial materials and successful selection of parental components, their combinational ability and plasticity made it possible to receive new hybrids. Multigerm line-pollinators have high selection value of efficiency parameters. Key words: sugar beet, multigerm, pollinator, fertility, selection, hybrid, productivity.

Varietal Resistance of Sugar Beets to the Sugar-beet Root Aphid Pemphigus betae Doane (Homoptera: Aphididae)

1964 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 520-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Harper
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Beet Root ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Pemphigus Betae ◽  
Sugar Beet Root ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractTwo leaf-spot- and spider-mite-resistant varieties of sugar beets, GW 674 and GW 359, exhibited resistance to the development of populations of the sugar-beet root aphid, P. betae. GW 674 is a selection of GW 359 but has higher sugar content and greater leaf-spot resistance. Nine other varieties were susceptible to root aphid infestations.

scholarly journals Changes in the technological properties of sugar beet root crops during industrial storage in ventilated piles

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00078
Author(s):  
Marina Egorova ◽  
Lyubov Puzanova ◽  
Lyudmila Smirnova ◽  
Elena Leonteva
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Forced Ventilation ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Industrial Storage

When storing sugar beets in natural conditions, transformations of the chemical composition occur in it, leading to the accumulation of non-sugars, which reduces the processing efficiency and sugar yield. The use of the technology of forced ventilation of the air environment of the kagats is aimed at reducing the negative impact of the ongoing processes. This study presents the results of changes in the technological properties of sugar beets during industrial storage of two types: in a ventilated rack, in a rack without ventilation. It was shown that forced ventilation of the air in the stagger led to slower development of diseases of root crops with stag rot, the processes proceeded 2 times slower. Changes in the chemical composition of sugar beets after 45 and 60 days of storage are shown. When sugar beets were stored in a ventilated stagger for 60 days, the daily decrease in sugar content was 1.6 times lower than when stored in a staggered rack without ventilation; the increase in the content of reducing substances is 3.5 times lower, α-amino nitrogen, potassium, sodium - on average 1.2 times lower. The calculated sugar yield for the storage conditions of sugar beets in a ventilated trough was 1.1 times higher than when stored in a trough without ventilation. It has been established that the creation of more favorable conditions for the air environment of the sugar beet pile through forced ventilation reduces the intensity of natural biochemical and microbiological processes in root crops, extends the shelf life of their technological properties, and ensures the economic efficiency of sugar production.

scholarly journals Productivity of sugar beets and winter wheat depending on tillage systems and crop rotation protection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya. P. Makukh ◽  
S. O. Remeniuk ◽  
S. V. Moshkivska ◽  
V. M. Riznyk
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Soil Density ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Direct Sowing

Purpose. Establish the impact of basic tillage and weed protection measures on soil density in winter wheat and sugar beet crops. Investigate the criteria for the formation of winter wheat and sugar beet productivity depending on weather conditions, measures of basic tillage and protection against weeds. Methods. Field, laboratory. Results. Soil density for the period of winter wheat harvesting for plowing to a depth of 20–22 cm and direct sowing was in the same range at the level of 1.22 and 1.23 g/cm3, which can be explained by the peculiarity of the soil and the root system of the plants themselves. In sugar beet crops, the combination of plowing to a depth of 25–27 cm with subsequent shelfless loosening at 34–36 cm makes it possible to maintain the density of the arable soil at the level of equilibrium for this type of soil. In other treatments, the soil density increases to 1.27 and 1.28 g/cm3, with compaction of the upper 0–10 cm layer of soil to 1.25 g/cm3 for plowing by 30–32 cm and 1.29 g/cm3 – for shelf-free loosening by 34–36 cm, which has a negative impact on the productivity of sugar beets. Conclusions. With the optimal sowing period for the conditions of Kyiv region on September 12–15, the most optimal sowing rate remains 4.5 million units. nas./ha, for increase in density of standing of plants we note lodging of plants and damp years and essential shortage of grain in arid. According to our research, the main tillage for winter wheat plowing by 20–22 cm remains the most rational for obtaining stable yields of winter wheat (yield was 5.03 t/ha). At the same time, good predecessors of peas for grain, rape, buckwheat can be used direct sowing with the introduction of herbicide continuous action Roundup, 48% v.r. 3.0 l/ha. The highest productivity of sugar beets was obtained by using the main tillage plowing by 25–27 cm + shelfless loosening by 34–36 cm yield of root crops at the level of 52.13–51.73 t/ha, sugar content – 14.80–14.83%, sugar harvest – 7.73–7.81 t/ha. On deep medium loam chernozems, this tillage allows to ensure optimal agrophysical indicators of the soil, remove the plow sole, earn crop residues and ensure yields in arid conditions. Application of sugar-free loosening to sugar beets to a depth of 34–36 cm reduces the yield of root crops by 5.32 and 7.20 t/ha compared to plowing to a depth of 30–32 cm, which is associated with an increase in weediness of crops and soil density.

scholarly journals Performance potential of sugar beets with improved beetroot shape in breeding for heterosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-43
Author(s):  
O. А. Parfenіuk ◽  
S. H. Trush
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Shape Index ◽  
Bioenergy Crops ◽  
Maximum Diameter ◽  
Performance Potential ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Variety Trial ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Selection Of

Purpose. To increase the performance of sugar beet hybrids using integrated approaches to the creation, identification and selection of combination-valuable parents; to evaluate the performance potential of experimental hybrids derived from parents with improved beetroot shape. Materials and methods. The study was conducted in the Laboratory of Sugar Beet Breeding of the Tobacco Experimental Station of the National Research Center “Institute of Agriculture of NAAS” in 2018–2020. Sixty-six experimental diploid sugar beet hybrids originating from parents of different genetic origin were tested in the field. New starting material of sugar beets was created using classical breeding methods and traditional techniques. The experimental CMS-based sugar beet hybrids were evaluated for several economically valuable traits in accordance with the variety trial method developed by scientists of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beets NAAS. Results and discussion. Analysis of the performance of the sugar beet hybrids originating from the parents with improved beetroot shape (oval-conical) indicates that the beetroot yields, sugar collection and output were significantly higher than those in the group check accession. The sugar content in their beetroots was lower than or similar to that in the group check accession. In general, the yielding type (E) of performance is intrinsic to the hybrids. As to beetroot yield, they exceeded the group check accession by 16.5–23.4%; the sugar collection was higher by 15.1–21.1%; and the sugar output – by 15.0–22.0%. Analysis of the beetroot in these hybrids shows that they had oval-conical beetroots. Their shape index varied 1.11 to 1.24. The beetroots of these hybrids were embedded into the soil by 3/4 of their length, had a smooth surface and shallow grooves (orthostichy). In the experimental sugar beet hybrids derived from the parents with improved beetroot shape (oval-conical), beetroots were longer (L) by 9.5%, larger in the diameter (D) by 2.2%, and the distance from the maximum diameter plane to the beetroot top (B) increased by 61.5% compared to the group check accession. In parallel with changes of the beetroot shape, the beetroot weight (m) increased by 25.0%. The transition from conical beetroots to oval-conical ones was proven to increase the performance of the sugar beet hybrids by 15–21%. Conclusions. We have created 14 high-yielding sugar beet CMS-based hybrids with improved beetroot shape, suitable for energy and environmentally friendly cultivation technologies. Their beetroot yields, sugar collection and sugar output exceed those in the group check accession by 16.5–23.4%, 15.1–21.1% and 15.0–22.0%, respectively

scholarly journals Sugar beets root crops productivity in different hybrids

2019 ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
V. Hlevaskiy ◽  
V. Rybak ◽  
V. Kuyanov ◽  
R. Shapovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Crop Capacity ◽  
The Right

Modern sugar beet hybrids have a potential root crop capacity of above 50.0 t/ha and sugar content of 16.1–18.5 %. Seeds with a germination rate of not less than 90 % are being used in this case, highly efficient energy-saving technologies based on the use of agricultural techniques (crop rotation, fertilization system, soil tillage system, sowing at the final density), protection against pests and diseases, the method of harvesting root crops are used. The performance of the sugar beet hybrid is mainly determined by the genetic information contained in the seeds and the conditions in which the plants grow. The purpose of the research was to investigate the varietal features of growth, development and productivity of sugar beet in the conditions of the central part of the Right-bank forest-steppe of Ukraine. The following sugar beet hybrids were used for sowing: Olzhych, Etude, Zluka, Constanta and Anichka with the fraction of 3.5–4.5 mm and laboratory germination of 85–90 %. The growth and development of sugar beet plants of different hybrids differed. There was a tendency for more positive germination of seeds and a more complete density of seedlings in the hybrid Constanta. The productivity of the sugar beet root crops is determined by the yield, sugar content and sugar harvest. Crop capacity of the male sterile hybrids studied averaged from 46.4 to 55.6 t/ha over the three years of studies, sugar content – 15.6–17.0 % and sugar yield – 7.4–9.5 t/ha. Hybrids Zluka and Constanta appeared to be the most adapted to the conditions of the central part of the right-bank forest-steppe of Ukraine. Thus, over three years, the Zluka hybrid had an average crop capacity of 55.6 t/ha, the sugar content of the roots was 16.1 %, the sugar harvest was 9.0 t/ha, and the hybrid Constant had a yield of 55.1 t/ha, the sugar content of the roots – 16.2 %, sugar yield – 8.1 t/ha. Key words: sugar beets, hybrids, field germination of seeds, sugar content, sugar yield.

Productivity of sugar beets depending on the method of main soil tillage and levels of fertilization

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (94) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
M. L. Tyrus
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Yielding Capacity ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Favorable Weather ◽  
Fertilization Level

Soil tillage and fertilization level are important in the system of agro-technical measures that increase soil fertility and sugar beets productivity. Today the cultivation of this crop requires a great deal of expense, therefore, there is a need for a wider study of the use of cheap soil cultivation, soil protection, energy-saving soil tillage technologies and appropriate ferti-lization levels. Under western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine conditions, investigations were conducted on dark grey podzolic light loamy soils where the influence of tillage models and fertilization levels on the formation of sugar beets root crops was studied. Shallow no-plow tillage of the soil on 14-16 cm is expedient to use as a main tillage under sugar beets. Under favorable weather and climatic conditions, it can provide yielding capacity at the level of deep fall plowing. The use of shallow no-plow tillage helped to increase the yielding capacity of sugar beet roots relative to plowing by 28-30 cm for 1.3 t / ha and the biological sugar output – for 0.2 t / ha. Then the sugar content was by 0.1% higher in the application of deep fall plowing on 28-30 cm. The optimization of the system of sugar beets fertilization allows ensuring the growth of the yielding capacity of root crops. It is established that the application of fertilizer norm N300P225K350 provides the yielding capacity at the level of 90 t / ha. The sugar content of root crops at the given fertilizer rate was the lowest in the experiment - 16.5 – 16.6%. Thanks to the high yielding capacity of root crops in terms of N300P225K350, the sugar harvesting was the highest and depending on the method of basic soil tillage was 14.95 – 14.79 t / ha. That is in 3.2 times more as to the control, in 1.3 times more than the norm of N180P135K210 and in 1.1 more than the fertilization level N240P180K280.

scholarly journals Improvement of Technological Indicators of Semi-Finished Products of Sugar Production from Bacterially Infected Sugar Beet

2021 ◽  
pp. 458-469
Author(s):  
Lubov Belyaeva ◽  
Michail Pruzhin ◽  
Alla Ostapenko ◽  
Valentina Gurova
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Antimicrobial Agent ◽  
Enzyme Preparation ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Sugar Production ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Effective Removal ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Depth Study

Introduction. Technological aids play a special role in sugar production technology, but their complex effectiveness requires a comprehensive and in-depth study. The research objective was to establish the patterns of change in the technological indicators of semi-finished products obtained from bacterially infected sugar beets with the combined use of an enzyme preparation, antimicrobial agent, and defoamer. Study objects and methods. The study involved such semi-finished products as juice (diffusion, pre-defecated, first and second saturation) and syrup, the quality of which was determined according to standard methods. The laboratory experiment was carried out on the basis of the second-order D-optimal Box-Behnken plan for three factors at three levels. Results and discussion. The research revealed positive dynamics of the following technological indicators: sucrose content, deposition rate, turbidity, chromaticity, and general purification effect. The sugar beet had the second degree of infection with mucous bacteriosis. Purified juice underwent lime-carbon dioxide purification and thickening under the combination of enzyme preparation Dextrasept 2, antimicrobial agent Betasept, and antifoam agent Voltes FSS 93. The greatest increase in sucrose at the level of 1.1% by DM weight was confirmed by a higher overall effect of purification of diffusion juice (2.2 %). The values of turbidity of the purified juice and syrup were below the threshold values. The low values resulted from the increase in the sedimentation rate of the pre-defective juice and the juice of the first saturation by an average of 4.1 and 3.2 times, respectively, due to the effective removal of high molecular weight compounds. The share of the enzyme preparation was 40–71%, antimicrobial agent – 19–49%, defoamer – 1.6–6.5%. The values of the multicriteria optimization parameter corresponded with technological indicators. The optimal combination (per 1000 tons of beets) included 6–8 kg of Dextrasept 2, 1.5–2.0 kg of Betasept, and 15–20 kg of Voltes FSS 93. As a result, the yield of white sugar increased by 0.25%. Conclusion. The regression dependencies can be recommended for predicting the main technological indicators of semi-finished products. The resulting data makes it possible to determine the effectiveness of the combined use of an enzyme preparation, antimicrobial agent, and defoamer in sugar production. Further research will identify the patterns of multifactorial interaction of these preparations.

scholarly journals The usefulness of sugar beets for biogas production in relations of the storage time and sugar content

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 00114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Mioduszewska ◽  
Mariusz Adamski ◽  
Anna Smurzyńska ◽  
Jacek Przybył ◽  
Krzysztof Pilarski
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Methane Fermentation ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Biogas Yield

The aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of sugar beet for biogas production, taking into account the duration time of storage and sugar content in the roots. The research has included analysis of methane and biogas yield of sugar beet. The relations between the sugar content in the roots and the length of storage period and the course of the methane fermentation process were determined. Sugar beets with sugar content of 17.6% and 19.6% were used for this experiment. In order to analyse the fermentation process, the fresh beets and the beets stored in flexible, hermetic tanks in the period of 43 and 89 days were used. Based on the analysis of the obtained results, it was found that the sugar content and the storage time of sugar beet roots can differentiate the production of biomethane and that it influences the methane fermentation process and the quality of the produced biogas.

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