The Effects of Ammonium Molybdate on Renal Function in the Rats after Parathyreoidectomy

10.12737/2733 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 71-73
Author(s):  
Меликова ◽  
E. Melikova ◽  
Брин ◽  
Vadim Brin
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Ammonium Molybdate ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Urine Osmolarity ◽  
Water Reabsorption ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Renal Functions ◽  
Pathogenic Effects

The constant pollution of the environment increases the content of xenobiotics in the air, soil, water and contributes to their entry into the organism. Increased content of molybdenum in the environment has pathogenic effect on the human organism. It is known that the excretion of metals is mainly via the kidney, while the content of the xenobiotics in the urine may have pathogenic effects on renal function. It is of interest to study the renal functions in conditions of inflow metals in the organism. The aim of this work was to study the effect of experimental hypocalcaemia on uropoisis renal function at the chronic molybdenum intoxication. Materials and methods. Experiments were carried out on Wistar-rats. Chronic molybdenum intoxication in experimental animals was caused by intragastric injection of ammonium molybdate solution in the dose of 50mg/kg. during 1 month. Experimental hypocalcaemia was created by the parathyroidectomy. Results. It was noted that when a stand-alone injection of ammonium molybdate glomerular filtration rate is reduced. In the model combined with parathyroidectomy this indicator comes back to normal. Tubular water reabsorption, urinary excretion of calcium and protein are less pronounced than in the isolated introduction ammonium molybdate. Urine osmolarity also had a tendency to decrease. Conclusions. Experimental hypocalcaemia reduces the renal manifestations of chronic molybdenum intoxication.

On the interaction of calcium, sodium, and water transport in the diuresing kidney

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Schück ◽  
J. H. Cort
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Linear Relation ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Urine Flow ◽  
Water Reabsorption ◽  
Osmotic Diuresis ◽  
Anesthetized Dogs ◽  
Permeability For Water ◽  
Solute Excretion ◽  
Tubular Permeability

Diuresis was induced in cats by infusion of 3% glucose in 10% ethanol. When urine flow had stabilized at high levels a solution of the Ca salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetate (Na2CaEDTA) was infused as a control for the effect of the EDTA molecule on renal function. The infusion was then changed over to the same molar rate of Na2EDTA, which resulted in a 30% decrease in serum Ca levels. Ca was then repleted rapidly as CaCl2 given intravenously, and the infusion was shifted back to Na2CaEDTA. The decrease in extracellular Ca concentration was associated with a significant antidiuresis. In further experiments on anesthetized dogs, osmotic diuresis was induced either by (a) infusion of hyperosmotic mannitol solutions, which were then shifted over to hypertonic NaCl, or (b) the same solutions in reverse order. Ca excretion correlated in linear fashion with Na excretion, but not with total solute excretion or with filtration rate. When Ca was added to the mannitol infusion, Na excretion increased in linear relation to Ca. It is suggested that Ca (a) decreases tubular permeability for water reabsorption and (b) decreases Na reabsorption, while Na (c) decreases Ca reabsorption. Mechanisms a and b would appear to involve membrane transport directly in the proximal tubule.

Chronic local infusion into the renal artery of unrestrained rats

1983 ◽  
Vol 244 (2) ◽  
pp. H304-H307 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Smits ◽  
C. M. Kasbergen ◽  
H. van Essen ◽  
J. C. Kleinjans ◽  
H. A. Struyker-Boudier
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Renal Artery ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Osmotic Minipump ◽  
Catheter Implantation ◽  
The Right

A method is described for providing chronic access to the right renal artery of unrestrained rats. It consists of insertion of a very thin (OD 0.2 mm) catheter into the right suprarenal artery of Wistar rats. The suprarenal artery originates from the right renal artery. After the cannula has been guided subcutaneously to the neck, it is connected to an Alzet osmotic minipump. The method has a success ratio of over 90% for periods up to 14 days. In the present study, we investigated the effects of catheter implantation on renal hemodynamics in uninephrectomized rats that were infused with saline for 2, 6, or 14 days. Values were compared with those obtained in control rats. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) were estimated from plasma clearances of 51Crethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and 125I-p-aminohippuric acid, respectively. Mean arterial pressure was between 107 +/- 2 and 116 +/- 2 mmHg in all animals. Neither GFR nor ERPF was influenced by catheter implantation. It is concluded that the method does not interfere with renal function.

EFFECT OF DEHYDRATION PRODUCED BY WATER DEPRIVATION, DIARRHEA AND VOMITING ON RENAL FUNCTION IN INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1951 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-340
Author(s):  
PHILIP L. CALCAGNO ◽  
MITCHELL I. RUBIN
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Water Deprivation ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Water Reabsorption

Dehydration when of sufficient severity depresses the glomerular filtration rate significantly. The high inulin and creatinine U/P ratios during dehydration indicate water conservation by the tubules. Depressed glomerular filtration rates may enhance this mechanism. The tendency to the lower than expected rise in U/P ratio with low urine flows during dehydration in diarrheal disease suggests disturbed tubular mechanism for water reabsorption. Glomerular filtration rate is rapidly restored with the intravenous administration of fluid. Restoration to normal values may proceed at a slower pace in the sick infant.

Comparative analysis of intragastric and subcutaneous of ammonium molybdate administration on renal functions in conditions of hypoparathyroidism

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 111-116
Author(s):  
Брин ◽  
V. Brin ◽  
Меликова ◽  
E. Melikova
Keyword(s):  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Subcutaneous Administration ◽  
Ammonium Molybdate ◽  
Tubular Reabsorption ◽  
Renal Functions ◽  
Protein Excretion ◽  
Sodium Calcium ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Severe Hypocalcaemia

The aim of experiments was to study the effect of hypocalcaemia on renal function changes in intragastric and subcutaneous administration of ammonium molybdate. The experimental hypoparathyroidism was modeled by removal of parathyroid glands in narcotized and immobilized rats by electrotermocauter under thiopental anesthesia. 30 days after the operation calcium concentration in blood was measured and individuals with most severe hypocalcaemia were selected. Ammonium molybdate was introduced intragastrally and subcutaneously at a does of 50 mg |kg daily for 30 days. Studies showed that subcutaneous administration of molybdenum on the background of hypoparathyroidism was associated with more severе renal impairment. Spontaneous urine output increased as a result of the oppression of the relative tubular reabsorption of water, while the glomerular filtration rate decreased. Protein excretion was increased in all groups with the introduction of ammonium molybdate with respect to baseline values, but the most severe proteinuria was noticed in the group with subcutaneous administration of ammonium molybdate in the background parathyroidectomy. Excretion of all studied cations (potassium, sodium, calcium) with urine increased. Histology of the kidneys revealed more pronounced signs of nephropathy.

scholarly journals Osmoregulation by Nestling and Adult American Kestrels (Falco Sparverius)

The Auk ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 426-436
Author(s):  
Michele E. Lyons ◽  
David L. Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Tubular Secretion ◽  
Urine Flow ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Falco Sparverius ◽  
Water Reabsorption ◽  
Protein Food ◽  
Ion Concentrations ◽  
American Kestrels

Abstract We explored aspects of renal function in American Kestrels (Falco sparverius), birds that habitually eat high-protein meals. In particular, we hypothesized that, like granivorous birds switched to high-protein food, kestrels would have high urine flows with high proportions of waste N as urate. In nestlings in the field, 80–93% of urinary N was in the form of urate, though concentrations of ammonia and urea were higher in older nestlings. Feeding resulted in reduced osmotic and ion concentrations in urine, but concentrations and proportions of nitrogenous wastes were unaffected. In adult kestrels in the laboratory, urine flow rate in fed animals, ∼1 mL h–1, was similar to that previously measured in avian granivores. Urine flow declined with fasting, accomplished by both a reduction in glomerular filtration rate (significant after 24 h fast) and a rise in tubular water reabsorption (significant after 48 h). During the course of a 48 h fast, proportion of urinary N excreted as urate fell and that as ammonia rose. Both filtration and secretion of urate dropped during fasting, so that tubular secretion remained responsible for ∼90% of urinary urate. Composition of fluid voided from the cloaca differed little from that of the ureteral urine.

Hypocalcemia increases the nephrotoxic effects of ammonium molybdate

2017 ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
В.Б. Брин ◽  
Э.Р. Меликова
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Ammonium Molybdate ◽  
Tubular Reabsorption ◽  
Electrolyte Composition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cytotoxic Action ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
High Calcium

Цель исследования. Одним из патогенетических механизмов цитотоксического действия тяжелых металлов, является нарушение кальциевого гомеостазиса. Кальций в организме может вступать во взаимоконкурентные отношения с тяжелыми металлами и оказывать влияние на их метаболизм. В связи с этим целью исследования было изучение особенностей изменения функции почек при действии молибдена в условиях гипокальциемии. Методы. В эксперименте на крысах линии Вистар изучали влияние кальцитонина на почечные проявления интоксикации, вызванной введением молибдата аммония. Кальцитонин вводили ежедневно подкожно в дозе 0,6 ЕД/100 г массы тела в течение 20 дней, молибдат аммония вводили парентерально через час после иньекций кальцитонина в дозе 50 мг/кг (в пересчете на металл) 1 раз в сутки также в течение 20 дней. Результаты. Было обнаружено, что молибдат аммония вызывал более выраженные изменения функции почек в условиях гипокальциемии, в виде полиурии, обусловленной нарушением канальцевой реабсорбции воды, несмотря на уменьшение скорости клубочковой фильтрации. Одновременно наблюдали более выраженную протеинурию. Нарушение ионовыделительной функции почек проявлялось в уменьшении канальцевой реабсорбции натрия и усилении его выделения с мочой, при сниженном фильтрационном заряде. Экскреция и фильтрационная обработка калия увеличивались. Кальциурез увеличивался при пониженном фильтрационном заряде. Электролитный состав плазмы крови характеризовался гипонатриемией, гиперкальциемией и гиперкалиемией. Заключение. Гипокальциемия усиливает токсическое действие молибдата аммония на функцию почек. Objective. One of the pathogenic mechanisms of heavy metals cytotoxic action is the disruption of calcium homeostasis. The calcium in the body may take part in competitive relationship with heavy metals and influence on their metabolism. In this regard, the aim of the research was to study the peculiarities of renal function changes under the action of molybdenum in conditions of hypocalcemiamodels. Methods. In the experiment on Wistar rats the effect of calcitonin on the renal manifestations of intoxication caused by the introduction of ammonium molybdate was investigated. Calcitonin was injected daily subcutaneously at a dosage of 0.6 U/100 g body weight for 20 days, an hour later calcitonin unjection ammonium molybdate was administered parenterally at a dosage of 50 mg/kg (in recalculation on metal) 1 time per day. At the end of the experiment animals were killed under thiopental anesthesia. Results. It was found that ammonium molybdate caused more pronounced changes in renal function under conditions of hypocalcemia in the form of polyuria due to the reduced tubular reabsorption of water, despite of the decrease in glomerular filtration rate. At the same time more pronounced proteinuria was noted. The study ion-excretory renal function showed the reduction of sodium tubular reabsorption and its increased urinary excretion, at a reduced filtration charge. Excretion and filtration of potassium was increased. Calciuresis was increased with reduced filtration charge. Electrolyte composition of blood plasma was characterized by low sodium and high calcium and potassium levels. Conclusion. The study revealed that hypocalcemia enhanced the toxic effect of ammonium molybdate on renal function.

The study of acute and subchronic toxicities of Da Dai Trang HVD capsules in experimental animals

2021 ◽  
Vol 148 (12) ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
Pham Thi Van Anh ◽  
Nguyen Van Dam ◽  
Pham Thanh Ky ◽  
Vu Viet Hang ◽  
Dinh Thi Thu Hang
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Deleterious Effect ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Renal Functions ◽  
Swiss Mice ◽  
Human Dose ◽  
Oral Doses

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the acute and subchronic toxicities of DA DAI TRANG HVD capsules through oral administration in experimental animals. The acute toxicity was determined by the method of Litchfield Wilcoxon in Swiss mice. The subchronic toxicity was evaluated by the recommendation of WHO and OECD in Wistar rats with oral doses of 1.44 g/kg/day (equal to recommended human dose) and 4.32 g/kg/day (3 times as high as recommended human dose) in 4 consecutive weeks. As a result, DA DAI TRANG HVD capsules at the highest dose used for mice (99.9 g materials/kg) did not express acute toxicity in mice. In term of the subchonic toxicity test, DA DAI TRANG HVD had no deleterious effect on hematological parameters, hepato-renal functions, macroscopic and microscopic images of livers and kidneys of rats. In conclusion, DA DAI TRANG HVD capsules did not produce the acute and subchronic toxicities in Swiss mice and Wistar rats.

scholarly journals Effects of Perinatal Protein-Nacl Diets on Offspring's Blood Pressure and Renal Function in Lewis Rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Jong Y. Lee ◽  
Silvia H. Azar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Kidney Weight ◽  
Renal Functions ◽  
Lower Body Weight ◽  
Linear Least Square

Perinatal diets may affect the cardiovascular-renal functions of offspring. To understand effects of maternal diet on the renal function and blood pressure (BP) of offspring, protein (10% low, LP; 23% normal, NP) and/or NaCl (4% high salt, HS; 0.6% normal, NS) diets were started at pre-pregnancy through pups' weaning to either a 4% high NaCl (hs) or 0.6% NaCl (ns) diet. Telemetered BP data was analyzed by methods of linear least square rhythmometry. Systolic BPs (circadian mean ±SE mm Hg) were: NPNSns, 131±2; NPNShs, 137±2; NPHSns, 137±0.2; NPHShs, 134±3; LPNSns, 138±1; LPNShs, 138±0.6; LPHSns, 135±2; LPHShs, 142±2. Offspring in NPNShs and NPHSns had significantly increased SBPs versus NPNSns (both P<0.05). Most LP-offspring had increased SBP (P<0.01 to <0.05) and lower body weight (BW) with smaller glomerular filtration rate changes (renal reserve, RR-GFR) following overnight acute highprotein loads: RR-GFRs (inulin, ml/min/g kidney) for groups stated above were, respectively: 0.935; 0.927; 0.537; -0.064; -0.229; 0.057; -0.515; -0.404. The kidney weight/BW ratio of offspring was higher on hs- than on ns-diets (all P<0.001). Rats on a low caloric diet had reduced sclerotic glomerular numbers compared to those on normal diets (11.2±1 vs. 15.7±2, P<0.001), though glomerular numbers were similar in both groups. In summary, perinatal LP-HS diets significantly affected the BW, BP, renal injuries and kidney function of offspring. RR was seriously reduced, especially among offspring in hs- and perinatal LP groups. The most interesting result was the glomerular maturation staging in the pups, which suggests delayed nephrogenesis by a maternal LP diet.

Clinical Renal Function Testing by External Double Isotope Monitoring Technique

1971 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
J. Fog Pedersen ◽  
M. Fog Pedersen ◽  
Paul Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Plasma Flow ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Feedback System ◽  
Effective Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

SummaryAn accurate catheter-free technique for clinical determination simultaneouslyof glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow by means of radioisotopes has been developed. The renal function is estimated by the amount of radioisotopes necessary to maintain a constant concentration in the patient’s blood. The infusion pumps are steered by a feedback system, the pumps being automatically turned on when the radiation measured over the patient’s head falls below a certain preset level and turned off when this level is again readied. 131I-iodopyracet was used for the estimation of effective renal plasma flow and125I-iothalamate estimation of the glomerular filtration rate. These clearances were compared to the conventional bladder clearances and good correlation was found between these two clearance methods (correlation coefficients 0.97 and.90 respectively). The advantages and disadvantages of this new clearance technique are discussed.

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