Hypocalcemia increases the nephrotoxic effects of ammonium molybdate

2017 ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
В.Б. Брин ◽  
Э.Р. Меликова
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Ammonium Molybdate ◽  
Tubular Reabsorption ◽  
Electrolyte Composition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cytotoxic Action ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
High Calcium

Цель исследования. Одним из патогенетических механизмов цитотоксического действия тяжелых металлов, является нарушение кальциевого гомеостазиса. Кальций в организме может вступать во взаимоконкурентные отношения с тяжелыми металлами и оказывать влияние на их метаболизм. В связи с этим целью исследования было изучение особенностей изменения функции почек при действии молибдена в условиях гипокальциемии. Методы. В эксперименте на крысах линии Вистар изучали влияние кальцитонина на почечные проявления интоксикации, вызванной введением молибдата аммония. Кальцитонин вводили ежедневно подкожно в дозе 0,6 ЕД/100 г массы тела в течение 20 дней, молибдат аммония вводили парентерально через час после иньекций кальцитонина в дозе 50 мг/кг (в пересчете на металл) 1 раз в сутки также в течение 20 дней. Результаты. Было обнаружено, что молибдат аммония вызывал более выраженные изменения функции почек в условиях гипокальциемии, в виде полиурии, обусловленной нарушением канальцевой реабсорбции воды, несмотря на уменьшение скорости клубочковой фильтрации. Одновременно наблюдали более выраженную протеинурию. Нарушение ионовыделительной функции почек проявлялось в уменьшении канальцевой реабсорбции натрия и усилении его выделения с мочой, при сниженном фильтрационном заряде. Экскреция и фильтрационная обработка калия увеличивались. Кальциурез увеличивался при пониженном фильтрационном заряде. Электролитный состав плазмы крови характеризовался гипонатриемией, гиперкальциемией и гиперкалиемией. Заключение. Гипокальциемия усиливает токсическое действие молибдата аммония на функцию почек. Objective. One of the pathogenic mechanisms of heavy metals cytotoxic action is the disruption of calcium homeostasis. The calcium in the body may take part in competitive relationship with heavy metals and influence on their metabolism. In this regard, the aim of the research was to study the peculiarities of renal function changes under the action of molybdenum in conditions of hypocalcemiamodels. Methods. In the experiment on Wistar rats the effect of calcitonin on the renal manifestations of intoxication caused by the introduction of ammonium molybdate was investigated. Calcitonin was injected daily subcutaneously at a dosage of 0.6 U/100 g body weight for 20 days, an hour later calcitonin unjection ammonium molybdate was administered parenterally at a dosage of 50 mg/kg (in recalculation on metal) 1 time per day. At the end of the experiment animals were killed under thiopental anesthesia. Results. It was found that ammonium molybdate caused more pronounced changes in renal function under conditions of hypocalcemia in the form of polyuria due to the reduced tubular reabsorption of water, despite of the decrease in glomerular filtration rate. At the same time more pronounced proteinuria was noted. The study ion-excretory renal function showed the reduction of sodium tubular reabsorption and its increased urinary excretion, at a reduced filtration charge. Excretion and filtration of potassium was increased. Calciuresis was increased with reduced filtration charge. Electrolyte composition of blood plasma was characterized by low sodium and high calcium and potassium levels. Conclusion. The study revealed that hypocalcemia enhanced the toxic effect of ammonium molybdate on renal function.

Effect of combined action of arsenic and antimony compounds on renal function in the subchronic test

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.A. Shestakov ◽  
R.I. Aizman ◽  
A.S. Ogudov ◽  
N.F. Chuenko
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
The Body ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Combined Action ◽  
Related Series

The study was conducted on male Wistar rats. We used 4 mathematically related series of doses prepared by sequential dilution of water from a man-made lake according to the scheme: arsenic: 0.15 - 0.05 - 0.016 - 0.0055, antimony: 0.68 - 0.227 - 0.075 - 0.025 mg/l. The animals were examined before inoculation (background), on days 40 and 90 of the experiment, taking into account the processes of cumulation of chemical elements in the kidneys. New data on the nature of nephrotoxic effects of arsenic and antimony in the long-term combined intake into the body of laboratory animals have been obtained. Key words: water from a man-made lake, arsenic and antimony compounds, Wistar rats, nephrotoxicity.

The Effects of Ammonium Molybdate on Renal Function in the Rats after Parathyreoidectomy

10.12737/2733 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 71-73
Author(s):  
Меликова ◽  
E. Melikova ◽  
Брин ◽  
Vadim Brin
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Ammonium Molybdate ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Urine Osmolarity ◽  
Water Reabsorption ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Renal Functions ◽  
Pathogenic Effects

The constant pollution of the environment increases the content of xenobiotics in the air, soil, water and contributes to their entry into the organism. Increased content of molybdenum in the environment has pathogenic effect on the human organism. It is known that the excretion of metals is mainly via the kidney, while the content of the xenobiotics in the urine may have pathogenic effects on renal function. It is of interest to study the renal functions in conditions of inflow metals in the organism. The aim of this work was to study the effect of experimental hypocalcaemia on uropoisis renal function at the chronic molybdenum intoxication. Materials and methods. Experiments were carried out on Wistar-rats. Chronic molybdenum intoxication in experimental animals was caused by intragastric injection of ammonium molybdate solution in the dose of 50mg/kg. during 1 month. Experimental hypocalcaemia was created by the parathyroidectomy. Results. It was noted that when a stand-alone injection of ammonium molybdate glomerular filtration rate is reduced. In the model combined with parathyroidectomy this indicator comes back to normal. Tubular water reabsorption, urinary excretion of calcium and protein are less pronounced than in the isolated introduction ammonium molybdate. Urine osmolarity also had a tendency to decrease. Conclusions. Experimental hypocalcaemia reduces the renal manifestations of chronic molybdenum intoxication.

Parathyroid gland before and after cisplatin treatment

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 860-861
Author(s):  
S.K. Aggarwal ◽  
J.M. Fadool
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Gland ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Antitumor Agent ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Primary Mechanism ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Dna Strands

Cisplatin (CDDP) a potent antitumor agent suffers from severe toxic side effects with nephrotoxicity being the major dose-limiting factor, The primary mechanism of its action has been proposed to be through its cross-linking DNA strands. It has also been shown to inactivate various transport enzymes and induce hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia that may be the underlying cause for some of its toxicities. The present is an effort to study its influence on the parathyroid gland for any hormonal changes that control calcium levels in the body.Male Swiss Wistar rats (Crl: (WI) BR) weighing 200-300 g and of 60 days in age were injected (ip) with cisplatin (7mg/kg in normal saline). The controls received saline injections only. The animals were injected (iv) with calcium (0.5 ml of 10% calcium gluconate/day) and were killed by decapitation on day 1 through 5. Trunk blood was collected in heparinized tubes.

Polymorphism of p-450 cytochrome detoxication genes in adolescents depending on the degree of contamination of the organism by heavy metals

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 478-482
Author(s):  
N. P. Setko ◽  
A. G. Setko ◽  
Ekaterina V. Bulycheva ◽  
A. V. Tyurin ◽  
E. Yu. Kalinina
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Cyp2b6 Gene ◽  
Cytochrome P 450 ◽  
Gene Cyp1a1 ◽  
Group 1

Introduction. Changes in the body of children and adolescents aimed at adapting to environmental factors are determined by genetic polymorphism in xenobiotic biotransformation genes, determining the degree of susceptibility of the child’s body to pollutants, which is the basis of modern personalized preventive medicine when managing risks to the health of the child population under the influence of environmental factors. Material and methods. Trace elements, including heavy metals, lead and cadmium, were determined in the hair of 256 practically healthy teenagers by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Depending on the level of content of the latter, two groups of adolescents were formed to determine six genes of the cytochrome P-450 family. Group 1 consisted of adolescents whose cadmium lead content exceeded the average Russian indices. The second group included adolescents whose heavy metals were above the level of average Russian standards. Results. Studies have shown that in adolescents of the 1st group, compared with the data of adolescents of the 2nd group, an increase in the number of carriers of two mutant alleles at the locus rs 1048943 (gene CYP1A1) is 3.08 times, rs 464621 (gene CYP1A1) is 1. 8 times; locus rs 2069522 (CYP1A2 gene) 3.63 times; locus rs 1799853 (CYP2C9 * 2 gene) 4.5 times; locus rs 1057910 (gene CYP2C9 * 3) 3.8 times and locus rs 2279343 (gene CYP2B6) 4.25 times. Moreover, carriers of two normal alleles in adolescents of the first group at the locus rs 1048943 (gene CYP1A1) were 5.14 times; locus rs 2279343 (CYP2B6 gene) was 6.5 fold less than among adolescents of the 2nd group; and at the locus rs 464621 (gene CYP1A1), rs 2069522 (gene CYP1A2), rs 1799853 (gene CYP2C9 * 2), rs 1057910 (gene CYP2C9 * 3) there were no carriers of normal homozygotes. Conclusion. Group 1 adolescents with heavy metal contamination of the body are carriers significantly in a greater number of pathological mutations in the genes of the cytochrome P-450 detoxification system in comparison with data from group 2 adolescents.

Determination of Some Heavy Metals in Milk of Cow Grazing At Selected Areas, of Kaduna Metropolis

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmud Mohammed Imam ◽  
Zahra Muhammad ◽  
Amina Zakari
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Cadmium Toxicity ◽  
Research Work ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Scientific Model ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Digestion Technique

In this research work the concentration of zinc, copper, lead, chromium, cadmium, and nickel in cow milk samples obtained from four different grazing areas   (kakuri, kudendan, malali, kawo) of Kaduna metropolis. The samples were digested by wet digestion technique .The trace element were determined using bulk scientific model VPG 210 model  Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS).. The concentration of the determined heavy metal were The result revealed that Cr,  Ni and Cd were not detected in milk samples from Kawo, Malali  and Kudendan whereas lead (Pb) is detected in all samples and found to be above  the stipulated limits of recommended dietary allowance (NRC,1989) given as 0.02mg/day. Cu and Zn are essential elements needed by the body for proper metabolism and as such their deficiency or excess is very dangerous for human health. However, they were found in all samples and are within the recommended limits while Cd (2.13 – 3.15 mg/kg) in milk samples from Kakuri was found to be above such limit (0.5mg/day). Cow milk samples analyzed for heavy metals in this research work pose a threat of lead and cadmium toxicity due to their exposure to direct sources of air, water and plants in these grazing areas, thereby, resulting to a potential health risk to the consumers.

scholarly journals Rapeseed components cleanse the milk and the body of cows from heavy metals

2021 ◽  
Vol 640 (3) ◽  
pp. 032026
Author(s):  
G N Vyayzenen ◽  
R R Dautov ◽  
A G Vyayzenen ◽  
N S Prodanov ◽  
S V Razaev
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
The Body

scholarly journals 745 Risk Factors of Incident Renal Stones in Indian Population: A Hospital-Based Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Singh ◽  
S Gupta ◽  
T S Mishra ◽  
B D Banerjee ◽  
T Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Renal Stones ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Case Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Introduction Nephrolithiasis is pathological calcification in the excretory passages of the body and is prevalent among 7.6% of Indians. We aimed to study the various risk factors associated with renal stones from India. Method It was a hospital-based case-control study conducted over 18 months in a tertiary hospital in Delhi. Cases were defined as patients with renal stones diagnosed on the basis of history and radiological examination. Controls were similar to cases in all respects except for the diagnosis and selected from the hospital. A total of 18 risk factors, including age, gender, heavy metals, stress, metabolic factors, alcohol intake, dietary habits, co-morbidities, etc. were assessed. Logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate the strength of the risk associations. Results In the analysis of 60 cases and controls, we found 6 times, 5.5 times, and 2.4 times increased odds of renal stones in patients with increased arsenic, cadmium, and lead concentrations in blood, respectively. Similarly, there are 3 times increased odds of renal stones in patients suffering from stress. Conclusions Exposure to smoke, occupation dust, and contaminated water may lead to an increased ingestion/inhalation of heavy metals like cadmium, arsenic, and predisposing people to an increased risk of renal stones.

scholarly journals Feed Composition Differences Resulting from Organic and Conventional Farming Practices Affect Physiological Parameters in Wistar Rats—Results from a Factorial, Two-Generation Dietary Intervention Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 377
Author(s):  
Marcin Barański ◽  
Dominika Średnicka-Tober ◽  
Leonidas Rempelos ◽  
Gultakin Hasanaliyeva ◽  
Joanna Gromadzka-Ostrowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
The Body ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Feed Composition ◽  
Npk Fertilizer

Recent human cohort studies reported positive associations between organic food consumption and a lower incidence of obesity, cancer, and several other diseases. However, there are very few animal and human dietary intervention studies that provide supporting evidence or a mechanistic understanding of these associations. Here we report results from a two-generation, dietary intervention study with male Wistar rats to identify the effects of feeds made from organic and conventional crops on growth, hormonal, and immune system parameters that are known to affect the risk of a number of chronic, non-communicable diseases in animals and humans. A 2 × 2 factorial design was used to separate the effects of contrasting crop protection methods (use or non-use of synthetic chemical pesticides) and fertilizers (mineral nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) fertilizers vs. manure use) applied in conventional and organic crop production. Conventional, pesticide-based crop protection resulted in significantly lower fiber, polyphenol, flavonoid, and lutein, but higher lipid, aldicarb, and diquat concentrations in animal feeds. Conventional, mineral NPK-based fertilization resulted in significantly lower polyphenol, but higher cadmium and protein concentrations in feeds. Feed composition differences resulting from the use of pesticides and/or mineral NPK-fertilizer had a significant effect on feed intake, weight gain, plasma hormone, and immunoglobulin concentrations, and lymphocyte proliferation in both generations of rats and in the second generation also on the body weight at weaning. Results suggest that relatively small changes in dietary intakes of (a) protein, lipids, and fiber, (b) toxic and/or endocrine-disrupting pesticides and metals, and (c) polyphenols and other antioxidants (resulting from pesticide and/or mineral NPK-fertilizer use) had complex and often interactive effects on endocrine, immune systems and growth parameters in rats. However, the physiological responses to contrasting feed composition/intake profiles differed substantially between the first and second generations of rats. This may indicate epigenetic programming and/or the generation of “adaptive” phenotypes and should be investigated further.

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