scholarly journals Alterations of bile secretion indicators with blunt multiple abdominal injury and underlying ischemia-reperfusion of the limbs

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-255
Author(s):  
I. V. Kuzminskyi ◽  
V. K. Grodetskyi ◽  
H. Yu. Thymbalyuk
Keyword(s):  
Research Group ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Hypovolemic Shock ◽  
Bile Secretion ◽  
Abdominal Injury ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
The Third ◽  
Ischemic Reperfusion ◽  
Abdominal Organs ◽  
Thiopental Sodium

It is known that ischemia-reperfusion has a significant negative impact on combined trauma. It is clear that there is an impression and dysfunction of internal organs against the background of activation of systemic pathological processes, especially those responsible for detoxification processes. However, these processes are little studied in detail, in particular regarding the violation of bile secretion. There is no clear data, and evidence of exactly how ischemia-reperfusion affects liver function in the case of blunt combined trauma to the abdominal organs and how much bile production deteriorates. This is what has become the subject of research.Objective of research: to study dynamic peculiarities of the liver bile secreting function in response to abdominal injury complicated by hypovolemic shock and ischemic-reperfusion syndrome.   Materials and methods. 80 mature albino male Wistar rats with the body weight of 190-220 grams kept on standard vivarium forage were used in the experiment.      The animals were divided into the control and 3 research groups (containing 8 animals each). Arresting bleeding tourniquet was applied proximally on the lower limbs of rats from the first research group for 120 minutes under thiopental-sodium anesthesia (40 mg/kg-1), which caused development of ischemic-reperfusion syndrome. Closed abdominal injury was simulated by means of delivering two dosed blows in the region of the abdominal cavity in the second research group; hypovolemic shock was simulated by means of cutting the femoral vessels and bloodletting from 20 to 22 % of the circulating blood volume in the group. Injuries from the first two groups were combined in the third group. The control group of animals received anesthesia without formation of any injuries.  Bile secreting function of the liver was studied on the basis of identification of the content of total, conjugated/direct and unconjugated/indirect bilirubin in bile, and the volume of bilirubin conjugation degree in bile.  The animals of the research groups were removed from the experiment under thiopental-sodium anesthesia by means of the total bloodletting from the heart.Results. A considerable disorder of the bile secreting function of the liver was found in response to simulated injuries: bile secretion rate in the first research group in comparison with the control one achieves minimal values in 3 days and remains on the same level till the seventh day of the post-traumatic period. In the second group the parameter does not change during 1-3 days, though it decreases sharply in seven days. Unidirectional decrease was found in the third group till the seventh day of the experiment.The data obtained are clearly indicative of a negative effect of ischemic-reperfusion syndrome on the bile-forming and bile secreting functions of the liver. Effect of the liver function was found both with isolated action and with multiple injuries of the abdominal organs, when bilateral compromised syndrome is observed.    Conclusions: The study proved that the combined blunt trauma of the abdominal organs negatively affects the process of bile formation. Also, in the presence of ischemia-reperfusion of the limb, pathological processes are characterized by a tendency to increase significantly.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of cytolytic syndrome development with associated injury of the abdominal organs and massive blood loss in the experiment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 229-236
Author(s):  
I. V. Kuzminskyi ◽  
V. K. Grodetskyi ◽  
H. Yu. Thymbalyuk
Keyword(s):  
Blood Loss ◽  
Research Group ◽  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Massive Bleeding ◽  
Abdominal Injury ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Massive Blood Loss ◽  
Abdominal Organs ◽  
Thiopental Sodium

The function of the organs responsible for detoxification processes, in particular the liver, deserves a special role in the conditions of combined trauma. It is proved that ischemia-reperfusion of the limb caused by the imposition of a tourniquet, is the cause of significant toxemia. Under such conditions, it becomes clear that the detoxification function may be impaired, especially against the background of blunt combined trauma to the abdominal organs complicated by massive bleeding. Changes in the detoxification function of the liver are indicated by markers of the cytolytic syndrome. However, there is no clear understanding of how ischemia - limb reperfusion affects the development of cytolytic syndrome.Objective of research: to study the effect of massive blood loss associated with ischemia-reperfusion of the limb on the cytolytic syndrome indicators in case of injury of the abdominal organs.  Materials and methods. 100 mature albino male Wistar rats with the body weight of 190-220 grams kept on standard vivarium forage were used in the experiment. The animals were divided into the control and 3 research groups (containing 10 animals each). Arresting bleeding tourniquet was applied proximally on the lower limbs of rats from the first research group for 120 minutes under thiopental-sodium anesthesia (40 mg/kg-1), which caused development of ischemic-reperfusion.  Closed abdominal injury was simulated by means of delivering two dosed blows in the region of the abdominal cavity in the second research group; massive blood loss was simulated by means of cutting the femoral vessels and bloodletting from 25 to 30 % of the circulating blood volume in the group. Injuries from the first two groups were combined in the third group. The control group of animals received anesthesia without formation of any injuries. With the aim to determine alterations of cytolytic syndrome the activity of enzymes – markers of cytolytic syndrome ALT and AST were determined by means of a unified method.  The animals of the research groups were removed from the experiment under thiopental-sodium anesthesia by means of the total bloodletting from the heart.Results. Analysis of the results of the study found that cytolytic syndrome develops irrespective of the kind of injuries simulated. Thus, even during a day of post-traumatic period ALT and AST activity increases which is clearly registered in all the three research groups. Further destruction of cellular membranes increases till the 3rd day, which is manifested by a considerable increase of ALT and AST activity in the blood serum. This process continues till the 7th day. A tendency to ALT and AST decrease is observed only in the 1st group on the 7th day. Comparison of the 2nd and 3rd research groups within the time interval enables to understand that application of tourniquets on the limbs of animals with closed abdominal injury and massive bleeding deteriorates cytolytic processes.Conclusions: Simulated injuries in the research groups were associated with the occurrence of cytolytic processes possessing a tendency to develop in the period of early signs of traumatic disease.  Ischemic-reperfusion syndrome of the limbs accelerates considerably the development of systemic changes with abdominal injuries and hypovolemic shock, which was manifested by a considerable increase of ALT and AST parameters in the group with abdominal trauma and massive blood loss and becoming higher than that of the control in end of the experiment.

THE PRODUCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF HYBRID PIGLETS AT GROWING WHEN USING BETAINE

2021 ◽  
pp. 242-247
Author(s):  
R. Chudak
Keyword(s):  
Research Group ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Optimal Amount ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Daily Gain

The results of studies of the productive characteristics of hybrid piglets at growing with the addition of different amount of the feed additive betaine into the diet are given. During the equalizing period the productive characteristics of animals in research groups were close to the animals in the control group, their average daily gains range of 248-250 g and the absolute gain is from 71.6 to 72.3 kg. However, the introduction of betaine into the diet in the amount of 1 kg per 1 ton of feed increased the consumption of feed by 4.18% in the third research group of animals. It is established that when using the feed additive betaine in the pigs’diet, the highest characteristics of growth were observed in the third research group of animals, where the average daily gain was 743 g and the absolute one - 378.8 kg. Throughout the period of research the piglets’ survival was 100%. The optimal amount of betaine for feeding piglets at growing is established. It is 1 kg per 1 ton of feed.

scholarly journals Coworking with Roma: Exploration of Slovak majority’s cooperation intention using content analyses and networks of free association

Human Affairs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-211
Author(s):  
Juraj Petrík ◽  
Branislav Uhrecký ◽  
Miroslav Popper ◽  
Lenka Nôtová
Keyword(s):  
Research Group ◽  
Free Association ◽  
Image Theory ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
The Third ◽  
Demographic Group ◽  
Content Analyses ◽  
Roma People ◽  
Mental Constructs

Abstract This study, theoretically based on integrated threat and image theory, explored (1) the mental constructs produced by the Slovak majority in relation to cooperation with the Roma minority and (2) differences in thinking about different Roma demographic groups. In Slovakia, prejudice towards Roma people is a long-standing phenomenon. In this study there were 228 participants, mostly young adults, who produced 22 categories of associations, explored using content and network analyses. The frequency of category associations in the first and second research group was mostly the same, but the distribution differed for the demographic groups considered by the third research group, which was asked to produce associations separately for each Roma demographic group. The largest difference measured was between integrated and segregated Roma people – the associations were mostly positive for the first and negative for the second. These results provide the first empirical exploration of cooperation intentions with Roma people in the Slovak context and suggestions are made for future discourse on Roma.

Developments and new vistas in the field of melanocortins

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 361-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila Leone ◽  
Giorgio Noera ◽  
Alfio Bertolini
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Gouty Arthritis ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Hypovolemic Shock ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Tissue Ischemia

AbstractMelanocortins play a fundamental role in several basic functions of the organism (sexual activity, feeding, inflammation and immune responses, pain sensitivity, response to stressful situations, motivation, attention, learning, and memory). Moreover, a large body of animal data, some of which were also confirmed in humans, unequivocally show that melanocortins also have impressive therapeutic effects in several pathological conditions that are the leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide (hemorrhagic, or anyway hypovolemic, shock; septic shock; respiratory arrest; cardiac arrest; ischemia- and ischemia/reperfusion-induced damage of the brain, heart, intestine, and other organs; traumatic injury of brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves; neuropathic pain; toxic neuropathies; gouty arthritis; etc.). Recent data obtained in animal models seem to moreover confirm previous hypotheses and preliminary data concerning the neurotrophic activity of melanocortins in neurodegenerative diseases, in particular Alzheimer’s disease. Our aim was (i) to critically reconsider the established extrahormonal effects of melanocortins (on sexual activity, feeding, inflammation, tissue hypoperfusion, and traumatic damage of central and peripheral nervous system) at the light of recent findings, (ii) to review the most recent advancements, particularly on the effects of melanocortins in models of neurodegenerative diseases, (iii) to discuss the reasons that support the introduction into clinical practice of melanocortins as life-saving agents in shock conditions and that suggest to verify in clinical setting the impressive results steadily obtained with melanocortins in different animal models of tissue ischemia and ischemia/reperfusion, and finally, (iv) to mention the advisable developments, particularly in terms of selectivity of action and of effects.

scholarly journals Catalase activity as signal of antioxydant system affection under influence of limb ischemia-reperfusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Nataliya Volotovska
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Loss ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Limb Ischemia ◽  
Mechanical Injury ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Mechanical Trauma ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ischemic Reperfusion

The use of hemostatic tourniquet is a proved means of primary care. However, systemic disorders, as well as ultrastructural, in the area of compression can significantly worsen the condition of the injured organism. The aim. Estimation of catalase level in rats’ liver on the background of modifications of ischemic-reperfusion syndrome to know the severest pathogenic combination for organism. Materials and methods. 260 white adult male rats were divided into 5 groups: control (KG), EG1 – simulation of isolated ischemia-reperfusion syndrome (IRS) of the limb, EG2 – simulation of isolated volumetric blood loss, EG3 – combination of IRS of the limb with blood loss, EG4 – simulation of isolated mechanical injury of the thigh, EG5 – combination of IRS of the limb and mechanical injury. The variability of catalase level in liver was analyzed. Results. It was found that each of the experimental interventions has led to changes of catalase activity in the liver. The most expressed pathological expressions were observed on the 3rd after interventions, when the studied index in EG3 was lower than in EG1 and EG2 in 6,2 times and by 33,1 %. On the 7th day catalase activity in EG3 was in 9,4 times and by 44,5 % times lower than in EG1 and in EG2 data concordantly. The combination of limb ischemia-reperfusion with blood loss in EG3 led to exhausting of liver antioxydant enzyme catalase in the most critical posttraumatic period (day 3). The same, but less significant effect was registered in the group of combination of mechanical trauma with ischemia-reperfusion in EG5. This proved the role of the tourniquet as a factor that complicated the course of traumatic disease due to ischemic reperfusion. Conclusions. In this experiment, founded risk factors of combination of ischemia-reperfusion with heavy blood loss emphasized the importance and particular attention on such widespread method of bleeding tratment, as the imposition of a tourniquet, as in our experiment it triggered risk factors of ischemia-reperfusion. It was shown katalase activity depression respectively to the periods of increasing of lipid peroxydation. There was peculiarity, that on the base of isolated IRS catalase activity was increased in 2,5 times comparely to control group, whereas the hardest depression of it was found on the background of IRS, combined with blood loss – catalase activity was lower, comparely to KG – in 2,5 times. The importance of understanding the suppression of hepatocytes’ antyoxydants is great, as it might help in prevention the development of liver failure or hepatorenal syndrome on the background of limb ischemia-reperfusion.

scholarly journals EFFECTIVENESS OF FEEDING DRY BREWERS GRAINS TO REPAIR HEIFERS OF THE JERSEY BREED

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
A. A. Veres ◽  
M. M. Kryvyi ◽  
V. P. Slavov ◽  
Yu. P. Polupan ◽  
V. G. Кеbkо ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Group ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Joint Stock Company ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Chest Girth

Introduction. An important reserve for increasing the profitability and competitiveness of livestock production would be solving the problem of feed protein deficiency in animal feeding. Significant contribution to the solution of this problem can be made by using high-protein waste of oil extraction (meal, cake), alcohol (bard), brewing (brewers grains) industries for feeding purposes. Since the liquid brewers grains is poorly preserved and easily spoiled, especially during the summer, and its transportation over long distances requires large costs, in this regard, there is a current problem of drying the liquid brewers grains and its usage as a high-protein fodder for feeding animals in dry form as part of animal mixed fodder. The purpose of our research is to study the effectiveness of feeding dry brewers grains to repair heifers of the Jersey breed. Research materials and methods. Research on the feeding dry brewers grains effectiveness was carried out on repair heifers of the Jersey breed at the age from 2 to 12 months on the basis of the farm SE “Dan-milk” in Cherniakhiv district of Zhytomyr region. Dry brewers grains produced by private joint-stock company (PJSC) “Obolon” were used for the research. Research result. The content of crude protein in 1 kg of dry brewers grains, which was used in scientific and economic research, was 24.46%, or 244.6 g per 1 kg of dry brewers grains. In order to study the effectiveness of feeding dry brewers grains, three groups of repair heifers of the Jersey breed were formed for the research, 8 heads each, according to the following scheme: one control group of repair heifers, and the other two were research groups. According to the research scheme, the control group of repair heifers received a standard grain mixture without dry brewers grains. The difference in the feeding of repair heifers of research groups consisted in different levels of feeding dry brewers grains, which was included in the grain mix of the II research group in the amount of 15%, and the III research group - in the amount of 20%. As a result of the research, there was an increase in the average daily gains of the II research group heifers, which ration included 15% of dry brewers grains in the mixture composition: for the period from 2 until 6 months – up to 0.811 kg against 0.786 kg, for a period from 6 until 12 months – up to 0.671 kg against 0.657 kg, for a period from 2 until 12 months – up to 0.727 kg against 0.709 kg in the control group. At the age from 9 and 12 months of cultivation of repair heifers of the II research group, which grain mixture included 15% of dry brewers grains, there was a tendency of the main body measurements increase: height at the withers, chest girth and oblique torso length, compared with the repair heifers of the control group. In heifers of the III research group, which ration included 20% of dry brewers grains of the grain mixture, the main body measurements were lower than in heifers of the control and II research groups. While studding main hematological indicators of the repair heifers of the control and research groups at the age of 6 and 12 months of cultivation, it was found that the inclusion of 15% of dry brewers grains in the grain mixture of the ration of the repair heifers of the II research group improved their passage of biosynthetic processes and the use of nitrogen, which indicates a tendency to increase in their blood total protein content compared to the control group primarily due to globulins, which indicates an improvement of immune-protective properties in the heifers of this group. The increase in the content of total protein and globulins against the control group in the heifers of the III research group, grain mixture for which included 20% of dry brewers grains, was manifested to a lesser degree. Summary. The inclusion of dry brewers grains in the grain mixture of the rations of repair heifers of the Jersey breed of the II research group in the amount of 15% of the total weight of the grain mixture, provided an increase in their average daily gains compared to the repair heifers of the control group and amounted to for the period from 2 until 6 months – 3.2%, for the period from 6 until 12 months – 2.1%, for the period from 2 until 12 months –2.6% with a tendency to increase the main measurements at the age of 9 months: height at the withers up to 104.0 cm against 103.5 cm, chest girth – 142.8 cm against 141.4 cm, oblique torso length – 131.8 cm against 131.4 cm in the control group.

Abstract P800: Liposomal Delivery of PICK1 Inhibitor, FSC231, Prevents Ischemic/Reperfusion-Induced Degradation of GluA2 AMPA Receptor Subunit

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay Achzet ◽  
Darrell A Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Intracellular Calcium ◽  
Ampa Receptor ◽  
Neuronal Death ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Hippocampal Slices ◽  
The United States ◽  
Delayed Neuronal Death ◽  
Ischemic Reperfusion

Stroke remains to be a leading cause of disability within the United States. Despite an enormous amount of research effort within the scientific community, very few therapeutics are available for stroke patients. Cytotoxic accumulation of intracellular calcium is a well-studied phenomenon that occurs following ischemic stroke. This intracellular calcium overload results from excessive release of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate, a process known as excitotoxicity, eventually leading to delayed neuronal death. The hippocampus is particularly susceptible to AMPA receptor-mediated delayed neuronal death. AMPA receptors (AMPARs) are homo- or hetero-tetramers composed of GluA1-4 subunits. The majority of AMPARs are impermeable to calcium due to a post-transcriptional modification in the channel pore of the GluA2 AMPAR subunit. Calcium-permeable AMPARs lacking the GluA2 subunit, contribute to calcium cytotoxicity and subsequent neuronal death. The internalization and subsequent degradation of GluA2 AMPAR subunits following oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) is, at least in part, mediated by protein-interacting with C Kinase-1 (PICK1). We hypothesize that disrupting the PICK1—GluA2 interaction will prevent the degradation of GluA2, thereby protecting neurons within the hippocampus from AMPAR-mediated delayed neuronal death. Pretreatment with liposome-encapsulated FSC231, an inhibitor of PICK1, in acute rodent hippocampal slices prevents the OGD/R-induced association of PICK1—GluA2. FSC231 treatment during OGD/R rescues total GluA2 AMPAR subunit protein levels. This work is the first to utilize a liposomal drug delivery system for the delivery of a small molecule in ex vivo acute rodent hippocampal slices exposed to ischemia/reperfusion injury. These results suggest that the interaction between GluA2 and PICK1 serves as an important step in the ischemic/reperfusion-induced reduction in total GluA2 levels and is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of ischemic stroke.

scholarly journals Asymmetric N-Acyliminium Cyclization as an Approach to Heterocyclic Natural Product Synthesis

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0800301
Author(s):  
Sean N. Gaskell ◽  
Liam J. Duffy ◽  
Steven M. Allin
Keyword(s):  
Natural Product ◽  
Research Group ◽  
Natural Product Synthesis ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Excellent Work

This paper describes the development of a highly stereoselective N-acyliminium cyclization protocol for the construction of a range of non-racemic heterocyclic templates. Due to the nature of this review, we have focused primarily on developments made within our own research group, but have included relevant and noteworthy contributions in the same area from others, most notably the research groups of Amat, Bosch and Lete. As a result, we apologize in advance for the omission of much excellent work carried out by many other talented researchers in this field.

Attenuation of postischemic microvascular disturbances in striated muscle by hyperosmolar saline dextran

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (5) ◽  
pp. H1411-H1416 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Nolte ◽  
M. Bayer ◽  
H. A. Lehr ◽  
M. Becker ◽  
F. Krombach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Hypovolemic Shock ◽  
Fluorescein Isothiocyanate ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Leukocyte Rolling ◽  
Capillary Perfusion ◽  
Dorsal Skinfold Chamber

The underlying mechanisms of the beneficial therapeutic effects of small-volume resuscitation with hyperosmolar solutions for treatment of hypovolemic shock are still poorly understood. Using the dorsal skinfold chamber model and intravital fluorescence microscopy, we investigated the effects of hyperosmolar saline dextran on ischemia-reperfusion injury in striated skin muscle of awake normovolemic golden hamsters. Test solutions (4 ml/kg body wt i.v.) were administered 2 min before reperfusion after 4 h of pressure-induced ischemia. In animals receiving 0.9% saline (control), we observed a drastic enhancement of leukocyte rolling along and sticking to the endothelium of postcapillary venules 0.5 h after reperfusion. Postischemic leukocyte rolling and sticking were significantly reduced when animals were treated with 7.2% saline alone (HSS), 10% Dextran 60 in 0.9% saline (HDS), or 10% Dextran 60 in 7.2% saline (HHS). In control animals, capillary perfusion was reduced to approximately 60% of preischemic values 0.5 h after reperfusion. Concomitantly, leakage of the macromolecule fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (5 mg in 0.1 ml saline i.v., M(r) 150,000) into the perivascular space increased from 0% before ischemia to approximately 12% at 0.5 h reperfusion. In contrast, when animals were treated with HSS, HDS, or HHS before reperfusion, capillary perfusion decreased to a significantly minor extent of approximately 15%, and macromolecular leakage was slightly increased to approximately 5%. Our results suggest that hyperosmolar saline dextran effectively attenuates postischemic microvascular disturbances elicited by ischemia-reperfusion, presumably through reduction of postischemic leukocyte-endothelium interaction and capillary swelling.

scholarly journals Ex situ Perfusion of Pancreas for Whole-Organ Transplantation: Is it Safe and Feasible? A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Prudhomme ◽  
Delphine Kervella ◽  
Stéphanie Le Bas-Bernardet ◽  
Diego Cantarovich ◽  
Georges Karam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Pancreas Transplantation ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Graft Loss ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Machine Perfusion ◽  
Pancreas Perfusion ◽  
Ischemic Reperfusion

Introduction: Pancreas transplantation is currently one of the best treatments proposed in highly selected patients with unstable and brittle type 1 diabetes. The objective of pancreas transplantation is to restore normoglycemia and avoid the occurrence of complications associated with diabetes. Graft pancreatitis and thrombosis, arising from ischemia reperfusion injuries, are major causes of graft loss in the postoperative period. Ex situ perfusion, in hypothermic or normothermic settings, allowed to improve ischemic reperfusion injury in other organ transplantations (kidney, liver, or lung). The development of pancreatic graft perfusion techniques would limit these ischemic reperfusion injuries. Objective: Evaluation of the safety and feasibility of ex situ perfusion of pancreas for whole-organ transplantation. Methods: English literature about pancreas perfusion was analyzed using electronic database Medline via PubMed (1950-2018). Exclusion criteria were studies that did not specify the technical aspects of machine perfusion and studies focused only on pancreas perfusion for islet isolation. Results: Hypothermic machine perfusion for pancreas preservation has been evaluated in nine studies and normothermic machine perfusion in ten studies. We evaluated machine perfusion model, types of experimental model, anatomy, perfusion parameters, flushing and perfusion solution, length of perfusion, and comparison between static cold storage and perfusion. Conclusions: This review compared ex vivo machine perfusion of experimental pancreas for whole-organ transplantation. Pancreas perfusion is feasible and could be a helpful tool to evaluate pancreas prior to transplantation. Pancreas perfusion (in hypothermic or normothermic settings) could reduce ischemic reperfusion injuries, and maybe could avoid pancreas thrombosis and reduce morbidity of pancreas transplantation.

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