demographic group
Recently Published Documents


TOTAL DOCUMENTS

160
(FIVE YEARS 63)

H-INDEX

14
(FIVE YEARS 3)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly Hedegaard ◽  
Arialdi M. Miniño ◽  
Merianne Rose Spencer ◽  
Margaret Warner

This report uses the most recent data from the National Vital Statistics System (NVSS) to update statistics on deaths from drug overdose in the United States, showing rates by demographic group and by specific types of drugs involved (such as opioids or stimulants), with a focus on changes from 2019 to 2020.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly Hedegaard ◽  
Arialdi Miniño ◽  
Merianne Rose Spencer ◽  
Margaret Warner

This report uses the most recent data from the National Vital Statistics System (NVSS) to update statistics on deaths from drug overdose in the United States, showing rates by demographic group and by specific types of drugs involved (such as opioids or stimulants), with a focus on changes from 2019 to 2020.


PRIMO ASPECTU ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Nadezhda A. Ovchar

The article presents the author's view of youth as a socio-demographic group that performs very important functions in society. Thus, the retention of young people in the urban community ensures the social continuity of the territorial settlement, as well as adaptability, readiness for change. The author substantiates his position, drawing on the works of P. Bourdieu and G. Becker, V.V. Radaev. The author presents the characteristics of youth as resources of not only a social group, but also the human capital of the entire urban settlement.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezenwa E. Olumba

Competition for natural resources has intensified in recent years between nomadic Fulani herders and sedentary farmers in Nigeria's Middle Belt. What were initially sporadic conflicts over cropland and water resources have transformed into daily occurrences of mass violence. While extant research centres on the root causes of such conflicts, the reasons for their escalation remain insufficiently understood. This article examines how political developments have contributed to the escalation of conflicts in the region. Using Homer-Dixon's model, the findings show that changes in Nigeria's 'political opportunity structure' since 2014 were catalysts for escalating the conflicts. The consequences were the unvarnished adoption of nepotistic domestic policies and alliances between elites and militia members, which escalated the violent conflicts. It advocates the devolution of natural resource and security governance to prevent leaders from leveraging shifts in political opportunity structures to favour a specific demographic group.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Lengieza ◽  
Janet K. Swim

Although many philosophers and environmental psychologists agree that progress toward a more ecologically conscious society depends upon individuals developing a sense of connectedness to nature, such agreement is of limited use if we do not understand how connectedness forms. The purpose of this review is to delineate the state of the psychological literature concerning the antecedents of connectedness to nature. The literature review is organized into three main sections: (1) situational contexts that influence connectedness; (2) individual difference predictors, such as demographic group membership, personality, or beliefs; and (3) internal psychological states that may explain psychological processes that result in connectedness. Major critiques of the extant literature and future directions are presented in a discussion following the body of the review. The primary implications highlighted by the review are a greater need for theories delineating the formation of connectedness, a greater focus on process, and increased differentiation between similar antecedents of connectedness.


Hypatia ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Gauthier

In her highly influential 1984 study Abortion and the Politics of Motherhood, Kristin Luker speculates that opposition to legal abortion among women was likely to be strongest among those who were full-time homemakers without a college education (Luker 1984, 163). But despite a marked decline in that demographic group and a well-documented rise in public support for gender equality since then, the rate of support for legal abortion has remained stubbornly fixed at between fifty and fifty-five percent (Shields 2012). This tepid support has coincided with a steep decline in abortion services in rural states, and ever more sweeping restrictions on abortion being tested in the courts (Rose 2006, 89). Karissa Haugeberg's Women against Abortion and Katie Watson's Scarlet A both seek to address this state of affairs, albeit in markedly different ways. Haugeberg provides a historical chronicle of the motives and strategies of certain key women activists in the fight against legal abortion, with an eye toward how their concerns “came to serve as blueprints to legislators and judges who continue to craft policies and laws that erode women's right to abortion” (Haugeberg, 8). Katie Watson draws upon her experience as an attorney and bioethicist to write a guide “intended to encourage and equip you to engage in respectful, productive, private conversation about your experience with, and opinion of, abortion” (Watson, 37). Though both authors reveal their support for legal abortion, both are concerned to understand the motives and goals of those who fight against it.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Carey ◽  
Jeffrey A. Groen ◽  
Bradley A. Jensen ◽  
Anne E. Polivka ◽  
Thomas J. Krolik

During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in the United States, claims for unemployment insurance (UI) benefits rose sharply because of the substantial job loss and the expansion of UI programs. To improve upon UI administrative data, in this article, we use the Household Pulse Survey to estimate the number of people who applied for UI benefits, the number of people who received benefits, and the success rate of UI applicants (the share of applicants who received benefits) during the first 9 months of the pandemic. We examine differences by demographic group, educational attainment, and prepandemic household income. In addition, we relate state-level estimates to UI recipiency before the pandemic, job loss during the pandemic, and the differential spread of the coronavirus across states. Compared with individuals who applied for UI benefits but did not receive them, we find that individuals who received benefits had greater well-being in a variety of domains, including household finances, food security, and mental health.


Author(s):  
Scott Wark ◽  
Thao Phan

Between 2016 and 2020, Facebook allowed advertisers in the United States to target their advertisements using three broad “ethnic affinity” categories: “African American,” “U.S.-Hispanic,” and “Asian American.” This paper uses the life and death of these “ethnic affinity” categories to argue that they exemplify a novel mode of racialisation made possible by machine learning techniques. These categories worked by analysing users’ preferences and behaviour: they were supposed to capture an “affinity” for a broad demographic group, rather than registering membership of that group. That is, they were supposed to allow advertisers to “personalise” content for users depending on behaviourally determined affinities. We argue that, in effect, Facebook’s ethnic affinity categories were supposed to operationalise a “post-racial” mode of categorising users. But the paradox of personalisation is that in order to apprehend users as individuals, platforms must first assemble them into groups based on their likenesses with other individuals. This article uses an analysis of these categories to argue that even in the absence of data on a user’s race—even after the demise of the categories themselves—users can still be subject to techniques of inclusion or exclusion for discriminatory ends. The inductive machine learning techniques that platforms like Facebook employ to classify users generate “proxies,” like racialised preferences or language use, as racialising substitutes. This article concludes by arguing that Facebook’s ethnic affinity categories in fact typify novel modes of racialisation today.


2021 ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
K. Swaroopa ◽  
G. Savaraiah

Agriculture plays a vital role in India's economy 54.6. percent of the total work force in the country is engaged in agricultural 1 and allied sector activities . Agriculture in India denes familial tradition, social relations and gender roles. Female in the agricultural sector, whether through traditional means or industrial, for subsistence or as an agricultural labourer, represents a momentous demographic group. Agricultural sector employs 80 percent of all economically active women comprising 33 percent of the agricultures in the country. Agriculture, the single largest production endeavour in India 2 is contributing substantially to the GDP . As per the provisional estimates of national income released by CSO on th 29 May 2020, the share of agriculture and allied sectors in Gross Value Added (GVA) of the country at current prices is 17.8 percent for the year 2019-20. The share of agriculture and allied sectors in GVA of the country has declined from 18.2 percent in 2014-15 to 17.8 percent in 2019-20, an inevitable outcome of a development process in which the relative performance of non-agricultural sectors becomes mole 3 dominant . Within the agriculture sector, the share of crops has fallen from 11.2 percent in 2014-15 to 9.4 percent in 2018-19. The decline in the share of crops has been made up by an 4 increase in the share of livestock and sheries sectors . Given the importance of the agricultural sector, the Government of India has taken several steps for its development in a sustained manner.


Author(s):  
Alexandra Enciu, MD ◽  

Instagram, the largest growing social network site today, has grown exponentially since its launch in 2010. Mental health challenges, particularly anxiety and major depressive disorder in those aged 16 to 30 have been associated with Instagram’s popularity. Depression is of particular interest to health care providers within the public health sector: it affects 264 million people globally; suicide is the second most common cause of death in 18 to 29-year-olds. This age group also constitutes the main demographic group of Instagram users. A narrative review was conducted on peer-reviewed articles between January 2019-July 2020 to analyze Instagram use and its association with depression, and using it as a tool to diagnose depression. PubMed, EBSCO, NCBI, NIH, and Google Scholar were used to source articles published between 2015-2020. The narrative review focused on four primary papers. The first study looked at the social comparison theory, while the second and third studies used screening questionnaires in conjunction with analyzing an individual’s Instagram content into text-based scores. The fourth study analyzed the content of photos which were posted to give insight into an individual’s status regarding depressive states. Accounting for 18 to 30 year olds’ Instagram usage into how they engaged with content can accurately screen for, and diagnose depression.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document