Acute response of intermittent and continuous aerobic exercises on blood glucose of adolescents

The purpose of the study was to investigate the acute effect of continuous and intermittent aerobic exercise on blood glucose of adolescents with type 1 diabetes. A cross-sectional analysis of eight adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (10-15 years) was conducted, and variables such as body mass, height, body mass index z score, glycated hemoglobin and cardiorespiratory fitness were assessed. There were two tests on a cycle ergometer: 30 minutes of continuous exercise and 30 minutes of intermittent exercise. Blood glucose was measured before and after the exercises and lactate concentration was measured at the end of the exercise. Student’s t test and Pearson’s correlation were used, considering p<0.05. In the continuous exercise protocol, there was a significant difference in pre- and post-exercise blood glucose levels (p = 0.048), whereas the intermittent exercise protocol did not show statistically significant differences in blood glucose. Higher concentrations of lactate were found after the intermittent exercises (p = 0.036). There was a strong correlation between glycemic control and body mass index z score (r = 0.893 p = 0.041). Regarding the other variables, there were no significant correlations. The reduction in blood glucose was lower after intermittent aerobic exercises, compared with continuous exercises, which could be an interesting strategy to prevent acute exercise-induced hypoglycemia.

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Trajectories of hemoglobin A1c and body mass index z‐score over four decades among 2 to 18 year olds with type 1 diabetes

Pediatric Diabetes ◽

10.1111/pedi.12862 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jaime M. Moore ◽

Janet K. Snell‐Bergeon

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Body Mass ◽

Hemoglobin A1c ◽

Z Score

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Body Mass Index Z-Score Modifies the Association between Added Sugar Intake and Arterial Stiffness in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes: The Search Nutrition Ancillary Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11081752 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1752

Author(s):

Natalie S. The ◽

Sarah C. Couch ◽

Elaine M. Urbina ◽

Jamie L. Crandell ◽

Angela D. Liese ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Body Mass ◽

Augmentation Index ◽

Z Score ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Added Sugar ◽

Sugar Intake

The relationship between added sugar and arterial stiffness in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D) has not been well-described. We used data from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study (SEARCH), an ongoing observational cohort study, to determine the association between added sugar and arterial stiffness in individuals diagnosed with T1D <20 years of age (n = 1539; mean diabetes duration of 7.9 ± 1.9 years). Added sugar intake was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire, and arterial stiffness measures included pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index. Separate multivariate linear regression models were used to evaluate the association between added sugar and arterial stiffness. Separate interaction terms were included to test for effect modification by body mass index (BMI) z-score and physical activity (PA). Overall, there was no association between added sugar and arterial stiffness (P > 0.05); however, the association between added sugar and arterial stiffness differed by BMI z-score (P for interaction = 0.003). For participants with lower BMI z-scores, added sugar intake was positively associated with PWV trunk measurements, whereas there was no association for those who had a higher BMI z-score. PA did not significantly modify the association between added sugar and arterial stiffness. Further research is needed to determine the longitudinal relationship and to confirm that obesity differentially affects this association.

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Body Mass Index Effect on Differing Responses to Psychological Stress in Blood Glucose Dynamics in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes

Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology ◽

10.1177/1932296818758103 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 657-664 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Basak Ozaslan ◽

Stephen D. Patek ◽

Jesse H. Grabman ◽

Jaclyn A. Shepard ◽

Eyal Dassau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Psychological Stress ◽

Body Mass ◽

Carbohydrate Intake ◽

Mixed Effect ◽

Stress Levels ◽

Effectiveness Index

Objective: The objective was to investigate the relationship of body mass index (BMI) to differing glycemic responses to psychological stress in patients with type 1 diabetes. Methods: Continuous blood glucose monitor (CGM) data were collected for 1 week from a total of 37 patients with BMI ranging from 21.5-39.4 kg/m2 (mean = 28.2 ± 4.9). Patients reported daily stress levels (5-point Likert-type scale, 0 = none, 4 = extreme), physical activity, carbohydrate intake, insulin boluses and basal rates. Daily reported carbohydrates, total insulin bolus, and average blood glucose (BG from CGM) were compared among patients based on their BMI levels on days with different stress levels. In addition, daily averages of a model-based “effectiveness index” (quantifying the combined impact of insulin and carbohydrate on glucose levels) were defined and compared across stress levels to capture meal and insulin independent glycemic changes. Results: Analyses showed that patient BMI likely moderated stress related glycemic changes. Linear mixed effect model results were significant for the stress-BMI interaction on both behavioral and behavior-independent glycemic changes. Across participants, under stress, an increase was observed in daily carbohydrate intake and effectiveness index at higher BMI. There was no significant interactive effect on daily insulin or average BG. Conclusion: Findings suggest that (1) stress has both behavioral and nonbehavioral glycemic effects on T1D patients and (2) the direction and magnitude of these effects are potentially influenced by level of stress and patient BMI. Possibly responsible for these observed effects are T1D/BMI related alterations in endocrine response.

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Assessment of Exercise Capacity in Children with Type 1 Diabetes in the Cooper Running Test

International Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1055/a-0805-1326 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 40 (02) ◽

pp. 110-115 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Arkadiusz Michalak ◽

Andrzej Gawrecki ◽

Szymon Gałczyński ◽

Jędrzej Nowaczyk ◽

Beata Mianowska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Pediatric Population ◽

Body Fat Percentage ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Z Score ◽

Fat Percentage

AbstractRegular physical activity increases lifespan for those with type 1 diabetes. However, disease-related barriers may deter children from exercise and affect their fitness. This study examined the safety of the Cooper test concerning diabetes-related acute complications in children with type 1 diabetes and their fitness. Blood glucose was recorded before and 0, 30, 60 min after the test. The covered distances were transformed to z-scores based on the national charts. Body mass index, body fat percentage and glycated hemoglobin were measured. The run was completed by 80 individuals (45% boys, age 13.6±2.1 years; diabetes duration 6.3±3.5 years). During the follow-up 11 children reached glucose alert values (3–3.9 mmol/L), 3 presented clinically significant hypoglycemia (<3 mmol/L), none experienced severe hypoglycemia. The covered distance was 1914±298 m, not significantly different from the reference population (z-score −0.12±0.71 vs 0, p=0.12). The study participants were more overweight than general pediatric population in terms of body mass index (z-score 0.48±0.94 vs 0, p<0.001) and body fat percentage (z-score: 0.37±0.85 vs 0, p<0.001). In conclusion, the Cooper test can be safely used in children with diabetes to assess their physical capacity. Youth with type 1 diabetes present fitness similar to healthy children but exhibit increased body mass index and adiposity.

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Hypoglycemia-Induced Increases in Thalamic Cerebral Blood Flow are Blunted in Subjects with Type 1 Diabetes and Hypoglycemia Unawareness

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism ◽

10.1038/jcbfm.2012.117 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 32 (11) ◽

pp. 2084-2090 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Silvia Mangia ◽

Nolawit Tesfaye ◽

Federico De Martino ◽

Anjali F Kumar ◽

Pete Kollasch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Cerebral Blood Flow ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Body Mass ◽

Early Phase ◽

Cerebral Activation ◽

Hypoglycemia Unawareness

The thalamus has been found to be activated during the early phase of moderate hypoglycemia. Here, we tested the hypothesis that this region is less activated during hypoglycemia in subjects with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and hypoglycemia unawareness relative to controls. Twelve controls (5 F/7 M, age 40 ± 14 years, body mass index 24.2 ± 2.7 kg/m2) and eleven patients (7 F/4 M, age 39 ± 13 years, body mass index 26.5 ± 4.4 kg/m2) with well-controlled T1DM (A1c 6.8 ± 0.4%) underwent a two-step hyperinsulinemic (2.0 mU/kg per minute) clamp. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) weighted images were acquired using arterial spin labeling to monitor cerebral activation in the midbrain regions. Blood glucose was first held at 95 mg/dL and then allowed to decrease to 50 mg/dL. The CBF image acquisition during euglycemia and hypoglycemia began within a few minutes of when the target blood glucose values were reached. Hypoglycemia unaware T1DM subjects displayed blunting of the physiologic CBF increase that occurs in the thalamus of healthy individuals during the early phase of moderate hypoglycemia. A positive correlation was observed between thalamic response and epinephrine response to hypoglycemia, suggesting that this region may be involved in the coordination of the counter regulatory response to hypoglycemia.

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The role of the platelet profile in the prediction of gestational diabetes

10.51271/kmj-0012 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 50-54

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Body Mass ◽

First Trimester ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽

Lymphocyte Ratio ◽

Significant Difference

Objective: In our study, the results of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and other hemogram parameters of pregnant women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) were compared. The aim of our study is to investigate the benefit of these parameters in predicting GDM risk. Material and Method: The study was planned as a descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional study. It was included 218 pregnant women who applied to the Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic of Amasya Sabuncuoğlu Şerefeddin Training and Research Hospital between January 01, 2019 and January 31, 2020. It was examined complete blood count parameters, ultrasound findings, complete urinalysis, first trimester blood glucose, body mass index, age, and gravide parameters the patients we included in the study. The results were analyzed retrospectively and was evaluated the statistical significance relationship with gestational diabetes. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in age, body mass index (BMI), obesity status and number of gravida between the pregnant women who were examined and those without GDM (p> 0.05). The hemoglobin, platelet count, mean platelet volume (MPV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobine (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) values, and neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte and basophil counts, urine density and femur length were statistically significant. There was no difference (p> 0.05). No statistically significant difference was found in terms of neutrophile lymphocyte ratio (NLR), neutrophile monocyte ratio (NMR), platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte eosinophil ratio (MER), platelet MPV ratio (PMPVR), and platelet neutrophile ratio (PNR) values (p> 0.05) Conclusion: HbA1c, hematocrit and blood glucose in the first trimester may be predictors of GDM. In addition, we think that further studies are needed in a prospective design in more patients in terms of others parameters.

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Relationship between hypoglycaemia, body mass index and quality of life among patients with type 1 diabetes: Observations from the DEPICT clinical trial programme

Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism ◽

10.1111/dom.13972 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (5) ◽

pp. 857-865

Author(s):

Jason Gordon ◽

Lee Beresford‐Hulme ◽

Hayley Bennett ◽

Amarjeet Tank ◽

Christopher Edmonds ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Clinical Trial ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Body Mass ◽

Clinical Trial Programme

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Effects of Metformin Added to Insulin in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes: An Exploratory Crossover Randomized Trial

Journal of Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2020/7419345 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Daizhi Yang ◽

Jinhua Yan ◽

Hongrong Deng ◽

Xubin Yang ◽

Sihui Luo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Body Mass ◽

Autonomic Function ◽

Insulin Dose ◽

Glucose Variability

Background. To comprehensively assess the effects of metformin added to insulin on metabolic control, insulin sensitivity, and cardiovascular autonomic function in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Materials and Methods. This was an exploratory, crossover, randomized trial conducted in adolescents with type 1 diabetes aged 12-18 years old. Participants were randomly received metformin (≤1000 mg/d) added to insulin for 24 weeks followed by insulin monotherapy for a subsequent 24 weeks or vice versa. Blood pressure, body mass index, insulin dose, estimated insulin sensitivity, glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and lipid profiles were measured, with a 72-hour continuous glucose monitoring and 24-hour Holter monitoring performed at baseline, 24, and 50 weeks for the assessments of glucose variability and heart rate variability. Results. Seventeen patients with mean ± SD age 14.4 ± 2.3 years , body mass index 18.17 ± 1.81 kg / m 2 , median (IQR) diabetes duration 4.50 (3.58, 6.92) years, and HbA1c 9.0% (8.5%, 9.4%) were enrolled. The between-group difference in HbA1c of 0.28% (95% CI -0.39 to 0.95%) was not significant ( P = 0.40 ). Changes in body mass index, insulin dose, blood pressure, lipid profiles, and estimated insulin sensitivity were similar for metformin add-on vs. insulin monotherapy. Glucose variability also did not differ. Compared with insulin monotherapy, metformin add-on significantly increased multiple heart rate variability parameters. Conclusions. Metformin added to insulin did not improve metabolic control or glucose variability in lean/normal-weight adolescents with type 1 diabetes. However, metformin added to insulin significantly increased heart rate variability, suggesting that metformin might improve cardiovascular autonomic function in this population.

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