Abstract Versus Concrete: How Managers’ Construal Influences Organizational Control Systems and Problem Solving

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bijuan Zhong ◽  
Mona V. Makhija ◽  
Shad Morris
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Organizational Outcomes ◽  
Organizational Control ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Exploration And Exploitation ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
Process Controls ◽  
Frontline Managers ◽  
Organizational Problems

This research considers how frontline managers’ construal affects their conceptualization of organizational problems, which in turn influences how they incentivize employees to search out appropriate solutions. Depending on whether they conceptualize problems in more abstract or more concrete ways, frontline managers will vary in organizational control mechanisms they use to incentivize their employees to engage in exploration and exploitation. Based on these relationships, we expect the solutions achieved by employees to vary in terms of efficiency and effectiveness. Using a database of 267 projects in a single firm, we find that, after holding project attributes constant, concrete-oriented managers tend to utilize more process controls that lead employees to solve organizational problems more efficiently, whereas abstract-oriented managers tend toward use of more outcome controls that lead to more effective problem solving. When employees engage in ambidextrous learning, both effectiveness and efficiency of outcomes are enhanced. This research sheds light on important microfoundational influences on organizational outcomes.

Outsourcing, information symmetry and governance

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 993-1014
Author(s):  
Anna Frieda Rosin ◽  
Stephan Stubner ◽  
Sushil S. Chaurasia ◽  
Surabhi Verma
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Control ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Informal Controls ◽  
Organizational Controls ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Apparel Manufacturers ◽  
Formal Controls ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Least Squares Approach

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of retailers’ organizational controls and controls of their boundary personnel on manufacturers’ outsourcing performance. It further assesses the moderating impact of information symmetry in this context. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from 230 Indian apparel manufacturers engaged in outsourcing activities with two international retailers. Organizational control is scrutinized as formal and informal controls, and outsourcing performance is studied in terms of efficiency and effectiveness. The partial least squares approach is used to test the proposed research model. Findings First, the retailers’ and the boundary person’s formal controls have a direct, positive effect on outsourcing efficiency. Second, although no significant effect of the boundary person’s formal controls on outsourcing effectiveness is identified, a significant effect of retailers’ formal controls on effectiveness is seen. Third, the boundary person’s informal controls are associated with a decrease in efficiency, whereas they have a positive effect on effectiveness. Fourth, although the retailers’ informal controls enhance outsourcing effectiveness, they negatively affect efficiency. Fifth, information symmetry is statistically significant in enhancing outsourcing efficiency and effectiveness. Practical implications The results have important implications for retailers and retailers’ boundary persons who are keen to improve their relations with manufacturers. This paper offers practical insights into the ways that manufacturers, boundary personnel and retailers can exercise control mechanisms in order to achieve effective and efficient outsourcing outcomes. Originality/value The effect of organizational control and information symmetry on outsourcing performance in typical outsourcing practices in manufacturer‒retailer relationships is shown.

scholarly journals A Personalized Machine-Learning-Enabled Method for Efficient Research in Ethnopharmacology. The Case of the Southern Balkans and the Coastal Zone of Asia Minor

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 5826
Author(s):  
Evangelos Axiotis ◽  
Andreas Kontogiannis ◽  
Eleftherios Kalpoutzakis ◽  
George Giannakopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
Intelligent Tools ◽  
Southern Balkans

Ethnopharmacology experts face several challenges when identifying and retrieving documents and resources related to their scientific focus. The volume of sources that need to be monitored, the variety of formats utilized, and the different quality of language use across sources present some of what we call “big data” challenges in the analysis of this data. This study aims to understand if and how experts can be supported effectively through intelligent tools in the task of ethnopharmacological literature research. To this end, we utilize a real case study of ethnopharmacology research aimed at the southern Balkans and the coastal zone of Asia Minor. Thus, we propose a methodology for more efficient research in ethnopharmacology. Our work follows an “expert–apprentice” paradigm in an automatic URL extraction process, through crawling, where the apprentice is a machine learning (ML) algorithm, utilizing a combination of active learning (AL) and reinforcement learning (RL), and the expert is the human researcher. ML-powered research improved the effectiveness and efficiency of the domain expert by 3.1 and 5.14 times, respectively, fetching a total number of 420 relevant ethnopharmacological documents in only 7 h versus an estimated 36 h of human-expert effort. Therefore, utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) tools to support the researcher can boost the efficiency and effectiveness of the identification and retrieval of appropriate documents.

Inhibitory Control of Information in Memory Across Domains

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 444-453
Author(s):  
M. Teresa Bajo ◽  
Carlos J. Gómez-Ariza ◽  
Alejandra Marful
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Behavioral Signature

Knowledge in memory is vast and not always relevant to the task at hand. Recent views suggest that the human cognitive system has evolved so that it includes goal-driven control mechanisms to regulate the level of activation of specific pieces of knowledge and make distracting or unwanted information in memory less accessible. This operation is primarily directed to facilitate the use of task-relevant knowledge. However, these control processes may also have side effects on performance in a variety of situations when the task at hand partly relies on access to suppressed information. In this article, we show that various types of information to be used in a variety of different contexts (problem solving, decision making based on personal information, language production) may be the target of inhibitory control. We also show that the control process may leave a behavioral signature if suppressed information turns out to be relevant shortly after being suppressed.

scholarly journals Efektifivitas Realisasi Program Alokasi Dana Desa (ADD) di Desa Gelampang Wih Tenang Uken Kecamatan Permata Kabupaten Bener Meriah

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
Irfan Hidayat ◽  
Lukman Hakim ◽  
Zulkarnain Zulkarnain
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
Scale Problem ◽  
Fund Allocation ◽  
Asphalt Road ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
Village Government ◽  
The Village

Abstrak. ADD di maksudkan untuk meningkatkan efektifitas dan efisiensi penyelesaian masalah yang berskala desa secara langsung maupun yang berskala daerah secara tidak langsung. Permasalahan desa bersama masyarakatnya, sangatlah spesifik dan tidak dapat di sama-ratakan untuk setiap desa. Desa Gelampang Wih Tenang Uken Adalah  salah satu desa yang terletak di Kabupaten Bener Meriah yang mendapatkan  anggaran dana desa. Sejak tahun 2015 dana desa yang sudah di terima yaitu  Rp.222.699.900,00. Dan terus mengalami peningkatan  pada tahun 2017 Desa Gelampang Wih  Tenang Uken Sudah menerima anggaran dana  desa sebesar Rp. 973.351.708,00. Hasil penelitian ini adalah realisasi kegiatan  Program ADD yang dilakukan di Desa Gelampang Wih Tenang Uken yaitu pembangunan berbentuk fisik  diantaranya pembangunan rabat beton, drainase, turap kantor desa dan pembanguanan jalan pemukiman/aspal lapen. Implementasi  Program  ADD di Desa  Gelampang Wih  Tenang Uken  terkendala pada kurangnya transfaransi pemerintah desa sehingga informasi yang di berikan terbatas. Realisasi  program  Alokasi Dana Desa  (ADD) di Desa Gelampang Wih Tenang Uken tergolong efektif, hal ini dapat dilihat dari  laporan pertanggung jawaban desa di mulai dari tahun 2015 (222.699.900 : 300.000.000 x 100% = 74,23 %), 2016 (611.174.000 : 750.000.000 x100% = 81,49%) 2017, ( 973.351.708 : 1.000.000.000 x 100% = 97,33%). Namun demikian, pengelolaan ADD di Desa Gelampang Wih Tenang Uken masih perlu perbaikan baik di segi pengelolaan maupun sumberdaya manusia.Kata kunci: Efektivitas, Realisasi, Implementasi, ADDAbstract. ADD is intended to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of village-scale problem solving directly or indirectly. The village issue with the community is very specific and can not be equally shared for each village. Desa Gelampang Wih Tenang Uken It is one of the villages located in Bener Meriah Regency that get the village budget. Since 2015 the village funds already received are Rp.222.699.900,00. And continue to increase in 2017 Desa Gelampang Wih Tenang Uken It has received budget of village fund equal to Rp. 973.351.708,00. The result of this research is the realization of ADD program activities conducted in Gelampang Wih Tenang Uken Village which is physical development such as construction of concrete rebound, drainage, plastering of village office and construction of residential / asphalt road. The implementation of ADD Program in Gelampang Wih Tenang Village is constrained on the lack of transparency of village government so that the information given is limited. The realization of the Village Fund Allocation (ADD) program in Gelampang Wih Tenang Village Uken is effective, this can be seen from the village accountability report starting from 2015 (222.699.900: 300.000.000 x 100% = 74.23%), 2016 (611,174,000: 750,000,000 x100% = 81.49%) 2017, (973,351,708: 1,000,000,000 x 100% = 97.33%). However, the management of ADD in Gelampang Wih Tenang village still needs improvement both in terms of management and human resources.Keywords: Effectiveness, Realization, Implementation, ADD   

scholarly journals Spatial Metadata Usability Evaluation

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Kalantari ◽  
Syahrudin Syahrudin ◽  
Abbas Rajabifard ◽  
Hardi Subagyo ◽  
Hannah Hubbard
Keyword(s):  
Data Quality ◽  
User Interfaces ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Irrelevant Information ◽  
End Users ◽  
Data Discovery ◽  
Data Infrastructure ◽  
Critical Part ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency

Spatial metadata is a critical part of any spatial data infrastructure, which enables the organising, sharing, discovery and use of spatial data. This paper highlights a knowledge gap in the usability of the metadata systems for the end–users. It then addresses the gap by applying the User Centred Design approach to investigate the usability of metadata records. The research engages with end–users concerning efficiency and effectiveness of metadata systems, and end–users’ satisfaction and expectations. The results indicate significant gaps with the effectiveness and efficiency of metadata systems for spatial data discovery and selection. Inconsistency and irrelevant information in the metadata records were found in the title, keywords, abstracts, data quality and other elements of the metadata. Additionally, essential improvements were identified for user interfaces. Discouraging presentation of the metadata is a prominent problem found in the interface of the metadata systems.

Mobile Government Services and Resident Satisfaction

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-57
Author(s):  
Mohammed Adel Al Najjar ◽  
Assem Alabdelqader ◽  
Emad Ahmed Abu-Shanab
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Mobile Service ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Government Services ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency

The success of any mobile service depends on the perceived efficiency and effectiveness of using the service. This research article attempts to evaluate the factors influencing the effectiveness and efficiency of the Kahramaa mobile service, where both influence users' satisfaction. From a system's features perspective, timeliness and availability were significant predictors of efficiency, accuracy, and usability were significant predictors of effectiveness. Accessibility and reliability failed to influence efficiency and effectiveness respectively. Structural equation modeling was used to estimate the research model and explained 61.7% of the variance in satisfaction. The article reports valuable insights for public officials and researchers based on a system's features perspective. Conclusions and implications are reported at the end.

How Problem-Solving Activities Shape Employee Exploration and Exploitation

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (1) ◽  
pp. 15703
Author(s):  
Shad S. Morris ◽  
Ryan Allen ◽  
James Oldroyd ◽  
Han Ming Daniel Chng ◽  
Jian Han
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Exploration And Exploitation
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