scholarly journals Impacts of Metering-Based Dynamic Priority Schemes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphaël Lamotte ◽  
André de Palma ◽  
Nikolas Geroliminis
Keyword(s):  
Arrival Time ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Pareto Improvement ◽  
Modal Shift ◽  
Dynamic Priority ◽  
Schedule Flexibility ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Priority Schemes ◽  
Pareto Improving ◽  
Small Capacity

Several works published over the last two decades have shown for a stylized set-up with homogeneous users that metering-based priority (MBP) schemes may generate Pareto improving departure time adjustments similar to those induced by congestion pricing, but without any financial transaction. We investigate whether MBP (i) still generates significant savings and (ii) remains Pareto-improving, with various sources of heterogeneity (in schedule flexibility, desired arrival time, and capacity usage). We consider two types of schemes: one where the priority status is allocated randomly (R-MBP) and another (HOV-MBP), which only prioritizes users with small capacity usage (e.g., carpoolers). We find that the relative total cost savings of R-MBP decrease with heterogeneity in flexibility, but may increase with heterogeneity in desired arrival time. It fails however to be Pareto-improving, as nonprioritized users are almost systematically worse-off. HOV-MBP circumvents this issue by generating an ordering effect and a modal shift, which both contribute to a better distribution of benefits among users. Under favorable circumstances, they may even restore a Pareto improvement. Overall, MBP appears as a realistic way to alleviate congestion, scoring well both in terms of efficiency and social acceptability.

scholarly journals Setting up an arthroplasty care practitioner-led virtual clinic for follow-up of orthopaedic patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (20) ◽  
pp. 1326-1330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Ferdinandus ◽  
Lindsay K Smith ◽  
Hemant Pandit ◽  
Martin H Stone
Keyword(s):  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Local Hospital ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Orthopaedic Patients ◽  
Set Up

This article provides an overview of the set up for an arthroplasty care practitioner (ACP)-led virtual orthopaedic clinic (VOC). Suitable patients attend a local hospital for an X-ray and complete a questionnaire, but do not physically attend a clinic. This has been running successfully in a university teaching hospital and has led to cost savings, a reduction in outpatient waiting times and high levels of patient satisfaction. Similar clinics have the potential to become normal practice across the NHS. This article outlines the steps necessary to implement a successful VOC. The lessons learnt during this exercise may be useful for other ACPs when setting up a VOC.

scholarly journals A Framework for Modeling "Real-Life" Airline Networks

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Bilotkach
Keyword(s):  
Airline Industry ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Hub And Spoke ◽  
Mixed Network ◽  
One Stop ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Point To Point ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost

This paper develops a new model, which allows for the co-existence of hub-and-spoke and point-to-point networks in the airline industry. Passengers are segmented between the non-stop and one-stop services. In the baseline model, the monopoly airline’s ability to segment the market and effectively set up the mixed network depends on the cost savings due to the through-hub service relative to exogenous quality difference between the one-stop and non-stop flights. Socially inefficient entry with the new non-stop service where an incumbent is operating the hub-and-spoke network is possible.

scholarly journals Reform without Losers: An Interpretation of China’s Dual-Track Approach to Transition

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingyi Qian
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Simple Model ◽  
Economic Reform ◽  
Market Liberalization ◽  
Pareto Improvement ◽  
Lump Sum ◽  
Pareto Improving

This paper develops a simple model to analyze the “dual-track” approach to market liberalization as a mechanism for implementing efficient Pareto-improving economic reform, that is, reform achieving efficiency without creating losers. The approach, based on the continued enforcement of the existing plan while simultaneously liberalizing the market, can be understood as a method for making implicit lump sum transfers to compensate potential losers of the reform. The model highlights the critical roles of enforcement of the plan for achieving Pareto improvement and full liberalization of the market track for achieving efficiency. We examine how the dual-track approach has worked in product and labor market liberalization in China.

scholarly journals Times of arrival and gauge invariance

2021 ◽  
Vol 477 (2250) ◽  
pp. 20210101
Author(s):  
Siddhant Das ◽  
Markus Nöth
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Arrival Time ◽  
Free Particle ◽  
Natural Generalization ◽  
Arrival Times ◽  
Quantum Flux ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Aharonov Bohm

We revisit the arguments underlying two well-known arrival-time distributions in quantum mechanics, viz., the Aharonov–Bohm–Kijowski (ABK) distribution, applicable for freely moving particles, and the quantum flux (QF) distribution. An inconsistency in the original axiomatic derivation of Kijowski’s result is pointed out, along with an inescapable consequence of the ‘negative arrival times’ inherent to this proposal (and generalizations thereof). The ABK free-particle restriction is lifted in a discussion of an explicit arrival-time set-up featuring a charged particle moving in a constant magnetic field. A natural generalization of the ABK distribution is in this case shown to be critically gauge-dependent. A direct comparison to the QF distribution, which does not exhibit this flaw, is drawn (its acknowledged drawback concerning the quantum backflow effect notwithstanding).

scholarly journals Perils of road freight market deregulation: cabotage in the European Union

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-355
Author(s):  
Henrik S. Sternberg ◽  
Erik Hofmann ◽  
Robert E. Overstreet
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Theory Development ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Modal Shift ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Labour Unions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Freight Market

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the impacts of the ongoing freight market deregulation in the European Union (EU). Specifically, this case study focuses on cabotage penetration rates in Germany, the largest logistics market in Europe. In light of the upcoming trade barriers, we intend to move this topic forward by emphasising its interdisciplinary nature.Design/methodology/approachBased on the analysis of Eurostat data, expert interviews and a review of related literature, we elaborate and discuss four propositions related to the factors affecting cabotage penetration, future cabotage levels and the effects on modal split and empty runs.FindingsWe found that cabotage in Germany plays a more important role than officially reported and has increased drastically since 2008. Given our analysis, increased cabotage penetration seems to thwart efforts within the EU to promote a modal shift from road to rail and increased national empty runs are the future outcome of current regulations. In Germany, the cabotage share is likely to reach 16% in the next five years.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper highlights the need for incorporating a more contextual understanding in freight carrier selection theory development in general as well as country-specific investigations in particular.Practical implicationsLogistics managers and policymakers looking at future strategies are advised to take the ongoing deregulation trend into consideration. European freight movement using cabotage operators may represent significant cost savings; however, these cost savings come at an environmental and social sustainability price as the modal shift to rail and fill rates suffer.Originality/valueThis paper represents an empirical and unbiased point of view, in contrast to the reports of the European Commission (pro-deregulation) or the reports of the haulage associations and labour unions (anti-deregulation).

Optimizing surgical instrument sets for cases involving breast and plastic surgeons.

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (7_suppl) ◽  
pp. 33-33
Author(s):  
Abigail Suzanne Caudle ◽  
Jason B. Fleming ◽  
Brian M Garcia ◽  
Marina Lozano ◽  
Darryl Rigby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Care ◽  
Breast Surgery ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Surgical Instrument ◽  
Independent Observer ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Instrument Processing ◽  
Standard Sets

33 Background: Processing operative instrumemt sets is a major cost for surgical cancer care. Optimizing standard sets requires availability of instruments reflecting varied surgeon preferences while minimizing unnecessary instruments. Additionally, increasing utilization of oncoplastic reconstruction after mastectomy and lumpectomy requiring breast and plastic surgery sets further expands the number of instruments required. The goal of our study was to optimize standard sets used for cases combining breast and plastic surgeons and to determine cost savings Methods: Baseline data was recorded over a 2 week period (13 cases) including number of instruments available and number unused for non- flap breast-plastics combo (BPC) cases. An independent observer timed instrument set-up times. 22 breast and 14 plastic surgeons were polled for their requested instruments for designated cases. A BPC set was designed based on this data and reviewed with surgeons to update preference cards. After a 6 week implamentation/education period, repeat data was recorded (18 cases). Cost of instrument processing was based on labor and supply cost of $0.22/instrument. Results: Two breast surgery sets (65 and 97 instruments) and one plastics set ( 93 instruments) were used at baseline. The median number of available instrumeets was 172.5/case, with median 126.5 instruments unused. A mean of 3.8 separately packaged instruments were required per case with mean set-up time of 4m46s. The new BPC set contains 103 instruments. A median of 106.5 instruments were available after implementation. The median number of unused was reduced by 53% to 59.5, with a drop in number of separately processed instruments to 2.5. Mean set-up time was reduced to 2m16s. Reducing the size of of standard sets reduced processing costs by $12.10 or $19.14/case (depending on the breast set used for comparison). Combining sets resulted in an additional cost savings of $6.56/case by reducing extra packaging costs. Conclusions: combining breast and plastic sets and eliminating unnecessary instruments resulted in cost savings of $18.66-$25.70/case. It also reduced OR instrument set-up time by 2.5 minutes/case which has significant impact at high volume centers.

First Application Micro Coiled Tubing in Indonesia at Offshore Mahakam

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Marindha
Keyword(s):  
Cost Savings ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Coiled Tubing ◽  
Upper Deck ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Ct System ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Conventional Ct

With a view to addressing the challenges of future offshore platform evolution, smaller footprint of coiled tubing set is required for pumping work in minimalist platform. Although coiled tubing (CT) is the most efficient service method for multiple wellsite operations, it can be difficult to capture all the benefits of applying it to some offshore wells. Limited crane capacity and platform’s upper deck space often present challenges to efficiently execute CT operation. Minimalist and crowded platforms may not allow a perfect condition to properly set up conventional CT system. As part of the continuous improvement in Well Intervention, smaller size of CT called Micro CT is deployed to unload the completion fluid using nitrogen pumping. This is in order to provide sufficient drawdown prior to clean up or perforation works. Micro CT is a small coiled tubing with an outside diameter of 1” and a length of 10,000ft. It is 46% lighter and 39% smaller compared to conventional CT. The firtst Micro CT start-up project in Indonesia was initiated with unloading jobs in Bekapai and South Mahakam wells. There were five unloading jobs and they were successfully performed within the allocated time frame and budget. There were no major safety issues occurred. Total 60% cost savings can be generated from reduced supply boat mobilization trips prior to equipment mobilization while 40% cost savings came from efficiency in diesel consumption. From an operational aspect, less annular friction can be achieved and gives us 35% efficiency in N2 consumption. Moreover, it saves 10 – 20% rig up time in comparison to conventional CT. On top of that, those five unloading jobs were completed with an efficiency of more than 70%. In conjunction with this paper, we would like to share Micro Coiled Tubing experience where this was the first application in Indonesia with safety and measurable milestones.

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