Mixed network calculus

We show how to combine higgsed topological vertices introduced in [7] with conventional refined topological vertices. We demonstrate that the extended formalism describes very general interacting D5-NS5-D3 brane systems. In particular, we introduce new types of intertwining operators of Ding-Iohara-Miki algebra between different types of Fock representations corresponding to the crossings of NS5 and D5 branes. As a byproduct we obtain an algebraic description of the Hanany-Witten brane creation effect, give an efficient recipe to compute the brane factors in 3d$$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = 2 and $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = 4 quiver gauge theories and demonstrate how 3d S-duality appears in our setup.

Experimental evidence that metapopulation structure can accelerate adaptive evolution

Whether the spatial arrangement of a population influences adaptive evolution has been a long-standing question in population genetics. In contrast to standard population genetic models, evolutionary graph theory (EGT) predicts certain topologies amplify (increase) the probability that a beneficial mutation will spread in the population relative to a well-mixed population. Here, we test these predictions empirically by tracking the fixation dynamics of an antibiotic resistant mutant under positive selection as it spreads through networks of different topologies both in vitro and in silico. We show that star-like topologies involving bi-directional dispersal between a central hub and peripheral leaves can be amplifiers of selection relative to a well-mixed network, consistent with the predictions of EGT. We further show that the mechanism responsible for amplification is the reduced probability that a rare beneficial mutant will be lost due to drift when it encounters a new patch. Our results provide the first empirical support for the prediction of EGT that spatial structure can amplify the spread of a beneficial mutation and broadens the conditions under which this phenomenon is thought to occur. We also show the importance of considering the migration rate, which is not independently adjustable in most previous models. More generally, our work underscores the potential importance of spatial structure in governing adaptive evolution by showing how the interplay between spatial structure and evolutionary forces determine the fate of a beneficial mutation. It also points the way towards using network topology to amplify the effects of weakly favoured mutations under directed evolution in industrial applications.

The Mixed Hydrogen Bonds Network in a Liquid System Ethylene Glycol-Monoethanolamine

The mixed network of hydrogen bonds in the ethylene glycol (EG) - monoethanolamine (MEA) system is described by molecular dynamics (MD) methods, graph theory, and Delaunay simplexes at 300 K in the entire concentration range. It is shown that at low MEA concentrations, all molecules in the system are linked into a spatial network of H-bonds; at high MEA concentrations, this number is 96%. Detailed characteristics of the networks are given. The resulting picture is expanded by studying the system using the Delaunay simplex method. The calculations are compared for different charges on the atoms of the MEA molecule.

IR-Spectroscopy of Aqueous Solutions of Monoethanolamine

The monoethanolamine (MEA)-water system has been studied by IR spectroscopy and quantum-chemical calculations (DFT B3LYP). It was found that spatial networks both of water and MEA are continuously rearranging depending on the content of the system components. Water molecules are embedded into the net of MEA, and molecules of MEA into the water net, thereby forming a mixed network of hydrogen bonds.

Traffic analysis for 5G network slice based on machine learning

With the rise of 5G and Internet of things, especially the key technology of 5G, network slice cuts a physical network into multiple virtual end-to-end networks, each of them can obtain logically independent network resources to support richer services. 5G mobile data and sensor data converge to form a growing network traffic. Traffic explosion evolved into a mixed network type, and network viruses, worms, network theft and malicious attacks are also involved. How to distinguish traffic types, block malicious traffic and make effective use of sensor data under the background of 5G network slice, and also the significance of this study.

Redundant Data High Efficiency Compression Based on Distributed Parallel Algorithm

In order to improve the optimal storage capacity of redundant data in serial hybrid network cascade database, a high efficiency compression algorithm for redundant data in serial hybrid network cascade database based on distributed parallel algorithm is proposed. The distributed storage structure model of redundant data of serial mixed network cascade database is constructed, the association feature extraction of redundant data of serial mixed network cascade database is carried out by using distributed hybrid feature mining method, the dimension reduction of redundant data of serial mixed network cascade database is carried out by combining with feature transformation method, the automatic location allocation of redundant data of serial mixed network cascade database is carried out by using high-order spectrum decomposition method, and the high-efficiency energy compression output model of redundant data of serial mixed network cascade database is constructed. The simulation results show that this method has good losslessness for redundant data compression of serial mixed network cascaded database and good fidelity of data output.

Integrating Non-spiking Interneurons in Spiking Neural Networks

Researchers working with neural networks have historically focused on either non-spiking neurons tractable for running on computers or more biologically plausible spiking neurons typically requiring special hardware. However, in nature homogeneous networks of neurons do not exist. Instead, spiking and non-spiking neurons cooperate, each bringing a different set of advantages. A well-researched biological example of such a mixed network is a sensorimotor pathway, responsible for mapping sensory inputs to behavioral changes. This type of pathway is also well-researched in robotics where it is applied to achieve closed-loop operation of legged robots by adapting amplitude, frequency, and phase of the motor output. In this paper we investigate how spiking and non-spiking neurons can be combined to create a sensorimotor neuron pathway capable of shaping network output based on analog input. We propose sub-threshold operation of an existing spiking neuron model to create a non-spiking neuron able to interpret analog information and communicate with spiking neurons. The validity of this methodology is confirmed through a simulation of a closed-loop amplitude regulating network inspired by the internal feedback loops found in insects for posturing. Additionally, we show that non-spiking neurons can effectively manipulate post-synaptic spiking neurons in an event-based architecture. The ability to work with mixed networks provides an opportunity for researchers to investigate new network architectures for adaptive controllers, potentially improving locomotion strategies of legged robots.

The association between men’s family planning networks and contraceptive use among their female partners: an egocentric network study in Madagascar

Background Ensuring women have information, support and access to family planning (FP) services will allow women to exercise their reproductive autonomy and reduce maternal mortality, which remains high in countries such as Madagascar. Research shows that women’s social networks - their ties with partners, family members, friends, and providers - affect their contraceptive use. Few studies have considered the role of men’s social networks on women’s contraceptive use. Insofar as women’s contraceptive use may be influenced by their male partners, women’s contraceptive use may also be affected by their partner’s social networks. Men may differ by the types of ties they rely on for information and advice about FP. It is unknown whether differences in the composition of men’s FP networks matter for couples’ contraceptive use. This study assessed the association between men’s FP networks and couples’ contraceptive use. Methods This egocentric network study was conducted among married/partnered men (n = 178) in rural Madagascar. Study participants listed who they relied on for FP information and advice, including health providers and social ties. They provided ties’ gender, age, relationship, and perceived support of contraceptive use. The primary outcome was couples’ contraceptive use, and explanatory variables included FP networks and their composition (no FP network, social-only network, provider-only network, and mixed network of social and provider ties). Analyses used generalized linear models specifying a Poisson distribution, with covariate adjustment and cluster robust standard errors. Results Men who had FP networks were 1.9 times more likely to use modern contraception as a couple compared to men with no FP network (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.64–2.52; p ≤ 0.001). Compared to men with no FP network, men were more likely to use modern contraception if they had a social-only network, relative risk (RR) = 2.10 (95% CI, 1.65–2.68; p ≤ 0.001); a provider-only network, RR = 1.80 (95% CI, 1.54–2.11; p ≤ 0.001); or a mixed network, RR = 2.35 (95% CI, 1.97–2.80; p ≤ 0.001). Conclusions Whether men have a FP network, be it provider or social ties, distinguishes if couples are using contraception. Interventions should focus on reaching men not only through providers but also through their social ties to foster communication and support for contraceptive use.