Regional and temporal trends in exposure to ambient air pollution: Findings from the Strong Heart Study

ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and cognitive decline in older adults residing in an urban area.MethodsData for this study were obtained from 2 prospective cohorts of residents in the northern Manhattan area of New York City: the Washington Heights–Inwood Community Aging Project (WHICAP) and the Northern Manhattan Study (NOMAS). Participants of both cohorts received in-depth neuropsychological testing at enrollment and during follow-up. In each cohort, we used inverse probability weighted linear mixed models to evaluate the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between markers of average residential ambient air pollution (nitrogen dioxide [NO2], fine particulate matter [PM2.5], and respirable particulate matter [PM10]) levels in the year prior to enrollment and measures of global and domain-specific cognition, adjusting for sociodemographic factors, temporal trends, and censoring.ResultsAmong 5,330 participants in WHICAP, an increase in NO2 was associated with a 0.22 SD lower global cognitive score at enrollment (95% confidence interval [CI], −0.30, −0.14) and 0.06 SD (95% CI, −0.08, −0.04) more rapid decline in cognitive scores between visits. Results were similar for PM2.5 and PM10 and across functional cognitive domains. We found no evidence of an association between pollution and cognitive function in NOMAS.ConclusionWHICAP participants living in areas with higher levels of ambient air pollutants have lower cognitive scores at enrollment and more rapid rates of cognitive decline over time. In NOMAS, a smaller cohort with fewer repeat measurements, we found no statistically significant associations. These results add to the evidence regarding the adverse effect of air pollution on cognitive aging and brain health.

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Ambient Air Pollution Exposure and Risk and Progression of Interstitial Lung Abnormalities: The Framingham Heart Study

ISEE Conference Abstracts ◽

10.1289/isesisee.2018.o01.02.09 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mary Berlik Rice ◽

Wenyuan Li ◽

Elissa H Wilker ◽

Joel D. Schwartz ◽

Qian Di ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Framingham Heart Study ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Ambient Air Pollution ◽

Heart Study ◽

Lung Abnormalities ◽

Air Pollution Exposure ◽

Pollution Exposure

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The epidemiological trends in the burden of lung cancer attributable to PM2.5 exposure in China

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-10765-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xiaomei Wu ◽

Bo Zhu ◽

Jin Zhou ◽

Yifei Bi ◽

Shuang Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Air Pollution ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Temporal Trends ◽

Age Groups ◽

Resource Planning ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Ambient Air Pollution ◽

Mortality Data ◽

Age Group

Abstract Objective PM2.5, which is a major contributor to air pollution, has large effects on lung cancer mortality. We want to analyse the long-term trends in lung cancer burden attributable to PM2.5 exposure and provide evidence that can be used for preventive measures and health resource planning. Methods Mortality data related to lung cancer were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 project. A joinpoint regression analysis was used to assess the magnitude and direction of the trends in mortality from 1990 to 2019, and the age-period-cohort method was used to analyse the temporal trends in the mortality rate of lung cancer attributable to PM2.5 exposure by age, period, and cohort. Results From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) attributable to PM2.5 exposure trended slowly upwards, and the ASMR due to ambient PM2.5 exposure (APE) increased significantly, that due to household PM2.5 exposure (HPE) decreased. The longitudinal age curves show that the mortality rates due to PM2.5 exposure among younger individuals were low, and they significantly increased from their levels among those in the 45–49 age group to their levels among those in the over-85 age group. From 1990 to 2019, the period RRs due to APE increased, but those due to HPE decreased. Similar trends were observed in the cohort RRs. The overall net drift per year attributable to PM2.5 exposure was below 0. The local drift values increased with age and were above 0 for the over-80 age groups. The overall net drifts per year were above zero for APE and below zero for HPE. The corresponding results among males were higher than those among females. Conclusions In China, the type of air pollution responsible for lung cancer has changed from household air pollution to ambient air pollution. PM2.5 exposure is more harmful among males and older people. Ambient air pollution should be emphasized, and China should strengthen its implementation of effective public policies and other interventions.

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STATISTICAL METHODS FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF AIR POLLUTION OF JHANSI CITY, UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA

FLORA AND FAUNA ◽

10.33451/florafauna.v24i1pp187-196 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

Author(s):

V. S. CHAUHAN ◽

BHANUMATI SINGH ◽

SHREE GANESH ◽

JAMSHED ZAIDI

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Uttar Pradesh ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Ambient Air Pollution ◽

Base Line ◽

Multivariate Statistical ◽

Large Cities ◽

Governmental Organizations ◽

Non Governmental Organizations ◽

The Status

Studies on air pollution in large cities of India showed that ambient air pollution concentrations are at such levels where serious health effects are possible. This paper presents overview on the status of air quality index (AQI) of Jhansi city by using multivariate statistical techniques. This base line data can help governmental and non-governmental organizations for the management of air pollution.

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