Gestational Exposure to Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and Trace Metals in a Region of Intensive Hydraulic Fracturing for Natural Gas Exploitation

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Élyse Caron-Beaudoin ◽  
Jonathan Chevrier ◽  
Pierre Ayotte ◽  
Michèle Bouchard ◽  
Maryse Bouchard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Gestational Exposure ◽  
Volatile Organic

scholarly journals Gestational exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Northeastern British Columbia, Canada: A pilot study

2018 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Élyse Caron-Beaudoin ◽  
Naomi Valter ◽  
Jonathan Chevrier ◽  
Pierre Ayotte ◽  
Katherine Frohlich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Gestational Exposure ◽  
Volatile Organic

scholarly journals Seasonal variability and source apportionment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the Paris megacity (France)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Baudic ◽  
V. Gros ◽  
S. Sauvage ◽  
N. Locoge ◽  
O. Sanchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Source Apportionment ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Seasonal Variability ◽  
Total Mass ◽  
The United States ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
Wood Burning ◽  
Volatile Organic

Abstract. Within the framework of air quality studies at the megacity scale, highly time-resolved volatile organic compounds (C2–C8) measurements were performed in downtown Paris (urban background sites) from January to November 2010. This unique dataset included non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) and aromatic/oxygenated species (OVOCs) measured by a GC-FID (Gas Chromatograph with a Flame Ionization Detector) and a PTR-MS (Proton Transfer Reaction – Mass Spectrometer), respectively. The current study presents the seasonal variability of atmospheric VOCs being monitored in the French megacity and their various associated emission sources. Clear seasonal and diurnal patterns differed from one VOC to another as the result of their different origins and the influence of environmental parameters (solar radiation, temperature). Source Apportionment (SA) was comprehensively conducted using a multivariate mathematical receptor modeling. The United States Environmental Protection Agency's Positive Matrix Factorization tool (US EPA, PMF) was used to apportion and quantify ambient VOC concentrations into six different sources. The modeled source profiles were identified from near-field observations (measurements from three distinct emission sources: inside a highway tunnel, at a fireplace and from a domestic gas flue, with hence a specific focus on road-traffic, wood burning activities and natural gas emissions) and hydrocarbon profiles reported in the literature. The reconstructed VOC sources were cross-validated using independent tracers such as inorganic gases (NO, NO2, CO), black carbon (BC) and meteorological data (temperature). The largest contributors to the predicted VOC concentrations were traffic-related activities (including motor vehicle exhaust, 15 % of the total mass on the annual average, and gasoline evaporation, 10 %), with the remaining emissions from natural gas and background (23 %), solvents use (20 %), wood burning (18 %) and a biogenic source (15 %). An important finding of this work is the significant contribution from wood burning, especially in winter, where it could represent up to ~ 50 % of the total mass of VOCs. Biogenic emissions also surprisingly contributed up to ~ 30 % in summer (due to the dominating weight of OVOCs in this source). Finally, the mixed natural gas and background source exhibited a high contribution in spring (35 %, when continental air influences were observed) and in autumn (23 %, for home heating consumption).

scholarly journals Monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from an oil and gas station in northwest China for 1 year

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 4567-4595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huang Zheng ◽  
Shaofei Kong ◽  
Xinli Xing ◽  
Yao Mao ◽  
Tianpeng Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Gas Station ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Oil and natural gas are important for energy supply around the world. The exploring, drilling, transportation and processing in oil and gas regions can release a lot of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). To understand the VOC levels, compositions and sources in such regions, an oil and gas station in northwest China was chosen as the research site and 57 VOCs designated as the photochemical precursors were continuously measured for an entire year (September 2014–August 2015) using an online monitoring system. The average concentration of total VOCs was 297 ± 372 ppbv and the main contributor was alkanes, accounting for 87.5 % of the total VOCs. According to the propylene-equivalent concentration and maximum incremental reactivity methods, alkanes were identified as the most important VOC groups for the ozone formation potential. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis showed that the annual average contributions from natural gas, fuel evaporation, combustion sources, oil refining processes and asphalt (anthropogenic and natural sources) to the total VOCs were 62.6 ± 3.04, 21.5 ± .99, 10.9 ± 1.57, 3.8 ± 0.50 and 1.3 ± 0.69 %, respectively. The five identified VOC sources exhibited various diurnal patterns due to their different emission patterns and the impact of meteorological parameters. Potential source contribution function (PSCF) and concentration-weighted trajectory (CWT) models based on backward trajectory analysis indicated that the five identified sources had similar geographic origins. Raster analysis based on CWT analysis indicated that the local emissions contributed 48.4–74.6 % to the total VOCs. Based on the high-resolution observation data, this study clearly described and analyzed the temporal variation in VOC emission characteristics at a typical oil and gas field, which exhibited different VOC levels, compositions and origins compared with those in urban and industrial areas.

scholarly journals Photochemical aging of volatile organic compounds associated with oil and natural gas extraction in the Uintah Basin, UT, during a wintertime ozone formation event

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 5727-5741 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Koss ◽  
J. de Gouw ◽  
C. Warneke ◽  
J. B. Gilman ◽  
B. M. Lerner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Emission Rate ◽  
Secondary Compounds ◽  
Gas Extraction ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Carbon Mass ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
Emission Ratios

Abstract. High concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) associated with oil and natural gas extraction were measured during a strong temperature inversion in the winter of 2013 at a rural site in the Uintah Basin, Utah. During this period, photochemistry enhanced by the stagnant meteorological conditions and concentrated VOCs led to high ozone mixing ratios (150 ppbv). A simple analysis of aromatic VOCs measured by proton-transfer-reaction mass-spectrometry (PTR-MS) is used to estimate (1) VOC emission ratios (the ratio of two VOCs at the time of emission) relative to benzene, (2) aromatic VOC emission rates, and (3) ambient OH radical concentrations. These quantities are determined from a best fit to VOC : benzene ratios as a function of time. The main findings are that (1) emission ratios are consistent with contributions from both oil and gas producing wells; (2) the emission rate of methane (27–57 × 103 kg methane h−1), extrapolated from the emission rate of benzene (4.1 ± 0.4 × 105 molecules cm−3 s−1), agrees with an independent estimate of methane emissions from aircraft measurements in 2012; and (3) calculated daily OH concentrations are low, peaking at 1 × 106 molecules cm−3, and are consistent with Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM) modeling. The analysis is extended to photochemical production of oxygenated VOCs measured by PTR-MS and is able to explain daytime variability of these species. It is not able to completely reproduce nighttime behavior, possibly due to surface deposition. Using results from this analysis, the carbon mass of secondary compounds expected to have formed by the sixth day of the stagnation event was calculated, then compared to the measured mass of primary and secondary compounds. Only 17% of the expected secondary carbon mass is accounted for by gas phase, aerosol, and snow organic carbon measurements. The disparity is likely due to substantial amounts of unquantified oxygenated products.

scholarly journals One year monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from an oil-gas station in northwest China

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huang Zheng ◽  
Shaofei Kong ◽  
Xinli Xing ◽  
Yao Mao ◽  
Tianpeng Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Industrial Regions ◽  
Oil Gas ◽  
Source Emission

Abstract. Oil and natural gas are important energy supply around the world. The exploring, drilling, transportation, and processing in oil-gas regions can release abundant volatile organic compounds (VOCs). To understand the atmospheric behaviors of VOCs in such region, the fifty-six VOCs designed as the photochemical precursors by the United State Environmental Protection Agency were continuously measured for an entire year (September 2014–August 2015) by a set of on-line monitor system at an oil-gas station in northwest China. The VOC concentrations in this study were 1–50 times higher than those measured in many other urban and industrial regions. The VOC compositions were also different from other studies with alkanes contributing up to 87.5 % of the total VOCs in this study. According to the propylene-equivalent concentration and maximum incremental reactivity method, alkanes were identified as the most important VOC groups to the ozone formation potential. The photochemical reaction, meteorological parameters (temperature, relative humidity, pressure, and wind speed) and boundary layer height were found to influence the temporal variations of VOCs at different time scales. The positive matrix factorization analysis showed that the natural gas, fuel evaporation, combustion sources, oil refining process, and asphalt contributed 62.6 %, 21.5 %, 10.9 %, 3.8 %, and 1.3 %, respectively to the total VOCs on the annual average. Clear temporal variations differed from one source to another was observed, due to their differences in source emission strength and the influence of meteorological parameters. Potential source contribution function and contribution weighted trajectory models based on backward trajectories indicated that five identified sources had similar geographic origins. Raster analysis based on CWT analysis indicated that the local emissions contributed 48.4 %–74.6 % to the VOCs. This research filled the gaps in understanding the VOCs in the oil-gas field region, where exhibited different source emission behaviors compared with the urban/industrial regions.

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