scholarly journals Elemental Metals in Agricultural Soils along Two Tributaries of Chaohu Lake: Implication on Soil Erosion Caused Enrichment in Sediments

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-253
Author(s):  
Ji-Zhong Wang ◽  
Fa-Zhi Xie ◽  
Dao-De Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Chaohu Lake

The effect of rainfall intensity on soil erosion and particulate phosphorus transfer from arable soils

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Fraser ◽  
T. R. Harrod ◽  
P. M. Haygarth
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Particulate Phosphorus ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Flow Monitoring

Soil erosion, in the form of transported suspended sediment in overland flow, is often associated with high rates of particulate phosphorus (PP) (total P>0.45 μm) transfer from land to watercourses. Particulate P may provide a long-term source of P for aquatic biota. Twenty-two sites for winter overland flow monitoring were selected in south-west England within fields ranging from 0.2–3.8 ha on conventionally-managed arable land. Fields were situated on highly porous, light textured soils, lacking impermeable horizons and often overlying major aquifers. Long arable use and modern cultivation methods result in these soils capping under rain impact. Overland flow was observed when rainfall intensity approached the modest rate of 0.8 mm hr−1 on land at or near to field capacity. Low intensity rainfall (<2 mm hr−1) produced mean suspended sediment losses of 14 kg ha−1 hr−1, with associated PP transfer rates of 16 g ha−1 hr−1. In high intensity rainfall (>9 mm hr−1) mean PP losses of 319 g ha−1 hr−1 leaving the field were observed. As might be expected, there was a good relationship between PP and suspended sediment transfer in overland flow leaving the sites. The capacity of light soils to cap when in arable use, combined with heavy or prolonged rainfall, resulted in substantial discharges, soil erosion and associated PP transfer. Storms with heavy rain, typically of only a few hours duration, were characterised by considerable losses of PP. Such events, with return periods of once or twice a winter, may account for a significant proportion of total annual P transfer from agricultural soils under arable crops. However, contributions from less intense rain with much longer duration (around 100 hours per winter in many arable districts of the UK) are also demonstrated here.

Soil erosion significantly decreases aggregate-associated OC and N in agricultural soils of Northeast China

2022 ◽  
Vol 323 ◽  
pp. 107677
Author(s):  
Haiqiang Li ◽  
Hansong Zhu ◽  
Chenglong Liang ◽  
Xiaorong Wei ◽  
Yufei Yao
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Agricultural Soils

Ravinas: processo de formação e desenvolvimento

1997 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 9-26
Author(s):  
Antonio José Teixeira Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Erosion Process ◽  
Erosion Processes

The present paper concerns rill initiation and evolution, taking into account its role on the erosion process. Therefore, several aspects of the process are developed, such as: the process itself, evidences of the process, through field and laboratory experiments, the importance of the models, the consequences to agricultural soils and the conectivity with other soil erosion processes.

scholarly journals The use of a raindrop aggregate destruction device to evaluate sediment and soil organic carbon transport

2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Xiao ◽  
Y. Hu ◽  
P. Greenwood ◽  
N. J. Kuhn
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Natural Sediment ◽  
Soil Fractions ◽  
Aggregate Breakdown ◽  
Erosion Models ◽  
Raindrop Impact

Abstract. Raindrop impact and subsequent aggregate breakdown can potentially change the movement behaviour of soil fractions and thus alter their transport distances when compared against non-impacted aggregates. In a given water layer, the transport distances of eroded soil fractions, and thus that of the associated substances across landscapes, such as soil organic carbon (SOC) and phosphorous, are determined by the settling velocities of the eroded soil fractions. However, using mineral size distribution to represent the settling velocities of soil fractions, as often applied in current erosion models, would ignore the potential influence of aggregation on the settling behaviour of soil fractions. The destructive effects of raindrops impacting onto aggregates are also often neglected in current soil erosion models. Therefore, the objective of this study is to develop a proxy method to effectively simulate aggregate breakdown under raindrop impact, and further identify the settling velocity of eroded sediment and the associated SOC. Two agricultural soils with different sandy and silty loam textures were subjected to rainfall using a raindrop aggregate destruction device (RADD). The aggregates sustained after raindrop impact were fractionated by a settling tube into six different classes according to their respective settling velocities. The same mass amount of bulk soil of each soil type was also dispersed and sieved into the same six classes, to form a comparison in size distribution. The SOC content was measured for each settled and dispersed class. Our results show the following: (1) for an aggregated soil, applying dispersed mineral grain size distribution, rather than its actual aggregate distribution, to soil erosion models would lead to a biased estimation on the redistribution of eroded sediment and SOC; (2) the RADD designed in this study effectively captures the effects of raindrop impact on aggregate destruction and is thus able to simulate the quasi-natural sediment spatial redistribution; (3) further RADD tests with more soils under standard rainfall combined with local rainfalls are required to optimize the method.

scholarly journals Global phosphorus shortage will be aggravated by soil erosion

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Alewell ◽  
Bruno Ringeval ◽  
Cristiano Ballabio ◽  
David A. Robinson ◽  
Panos Panagos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Rill Erosion ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Loss ◽  
Global Soil ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Food And Feed

Abstract Soil phosphorus (P) loss from agricultural systems will limit food and feed production in the future. Here, we combine spatially distributed global soil erosion estimates (only considering sheet and rill erosion by water) with spatially distributed global P content for cropland soils to assess global soil P loss. The world’s soils are currently being depleted in P in spite of high chemical fertilizer input. Africa (not being able to afford the high costs of chemical fertilizer) as well as South America (due to non-efficient organic P management) and Eastern Europe (for a combination of the two previous reasons) have the highest P depletion rates. In a future world, with an assumed absolute shortage of mineral P fertilizer, agricultural soils worldwide will be depleted by between 4–19 kg ha−1 yr−1, with average losses of P due to erosion by water contributing over 50% of total P losses.

scholarly journals Polyester Microplastic Fibers affect Soil Physical Properties and Erosion as a Function of Soil Type

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosolino Ingraffia ◽  
Gaetano Amato ◽  
Vincenzo Bagarello ◽  
Francesco G. Carollo ◽  
Dario Giambalvo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Environmental Compartments

Abstract. Microplastic is recognized as a factor of global change affecting many environmental compartments. Agricultural soils are likely hotspots of microplastic contamination in terrestrial ecosystems and are of particular concern due to their role in food production. Microplastic has already been shown to be able to affect soil properties, but its effect on different soil types is poorly understood. Moreover, no information is available on how the presence of this pollutant can affect soil water erosion processes, which are extremely important issues in many environments. In the light of this, we performed two experiments (a microcosm and a mesocosm study) to investigate how the presence of polyester microplastic fibers affects soil physical and hydrological parameters and processes such as aggregate formation and soil erosion in three different agricultural soil types. Our data show that the effects of polyester microplastic on soil physical parameters (including soil aggregation and erosion) are strongly dependent on soil type. We found that microplastic contamination can decrease the formation of new aggregates but at the same time increase their stability in water, with effects on soil erosion stronger as the intrinsic erodibility of soil increases. Overall, our results highlight the importance of broadly exploring soil properties such as texture, mineralogy, and organic carbon content to better understand how the various soil types respond to microplastic contamination.

scholarly journals Effects of Indigenous Cultivation Practices on Soil Conservation in the Hilly Semiarid Areas of Western Sudan

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdalla I. A. Ahmed ◽  
Ibrahim M. Eldoma ◽  
Elsadig ElMahdi A. H. Elaagip ◽  
Fujiang Hou
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Erosion Level ◽  
Indigenous Conservation ◽  
Semiarid Areas ◽  
Effects Of Drought

In dry regions, it is customary for farmers to use soil water conservation and/or water harvesting techniques. These practices have now become applicable to agriculturalists combating the adverse effects of drought on food production. In the semiarid areas of Zalingei in western Sudan, we quantified the soil erosion using traditional conservation measures, and conducted experiments in two consecutive rainy seasons (2013 and 2014). A split-split plot design was used to quantify the respective influences of each variable on reducing soil erosion: A) three gentle gradients (Slope1 (0.98%), Slope2 (1.81%), and Slope3 (3.1%)); B) two cropping systems (mono-crop and mixed-crops); and C) five indigenous conservation tillage practices—chisel ploughing (CHP), cross slope tied bonding (CSTB), contour ridge with stone bonds (CRSB), cross slope bonding (CSB), and zero tillage (ZT). Our results showed that there were significant differences between the slopes in season 2 (2014); the soil eroded at Slope3 was more than that of Slope1 and Slope2 by 71% and 27%, respectively. Over two seasons, there were no significant differences between the cropping systems. Conversely, the erosion level observed with CHP was higher than with the other practices. However, the CSTB and CSB erosion levels were only higher in season 2 when compared with those of CRSB and ZT. The study concluded that under the above conditions, the rate of soil erosion was severe and exceeded the erosion tolerance. Based on these results, in western Sudan, CRSB and ZT may be the more effective indigenous conservation practices for the protection of agricultural soils and productivity.

scholarly journals Soil erosion is unlikely to drive a future carbon sink in Europe

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. eaau3523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Lugato ◽  
Pete Smith ◽  
Pasquale Borrelli ◽  
Panos Panagos ◽  
Cristiano Ballabio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Rainfall Erosivity ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
C Cycle ◽  
The Impact

Understanding of the processes governing soil organic carbon turnover is confounded by the fact that C feedbacks driven by soil erosion have not yet been fully explored at large scale. However, in a changing climate, variation in rainfall erosivity (and hence soil erosion) may change the amount of C displacement, hence inducing feedbacks onto the land C cycle. Using a consistent biogeochemistry-erosion model framework to quantify the impact of future climate on the C cycle, we show that C input increases were offset by higher heterotrophic respiration under climate change. Taking into account all the additional feedbacks and C fluxes due to displacement by erosion, we estimated a net source of 0.92 to 10.1 Tg C year−1 from agricultural soils in the European Union to the atmosphere over the period 2016–2100. These ranges represented a weaker and stronger C source compared to a simulation without erosion (1.8 Tg C year−1), respectively, and were dependent on the erosion-driven C loss parameterization, which is still very uncertain. However, when setting a baseline with current erosion rates, the accelerated erosion scenario resulted in 35% more eroded C, but its feedback on the C cycle was marginal. Our results challenge the idea that higher erosion driven by climate will lead to a C sink in the near future.

scholarly journals Estimation of Soil Erosion in the Chaohu Lake Basin through Modified Soil Erodibility Combined with Gravel Content in the RUSLE Model

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sai Hu ◽  
Long Li ◽  
Longqian Chen ◽  
Liang Cheng ◽  
Lina Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Chaohu Lake ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Soil Erodibility ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Gravel Content ◽  
Chaohu Lake Basin ◽  
Soil Erodibility Factor ◽  
The Chaohu Lake Basin

It is generally acknowledged that soil erosion has become one of the greatest global threats to the human–environment system. Although the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) has been widely used for soil erosion estimation, the algorithm for calculating soil erodibility factor (K) in this equation remains limited, particularly in the context of China, which features highly diverse soil types. In order to address the problem, a modified algorithm describing the piecewise function of gravel content and relative soil erosion was used for the first time to modify the soil erodibility factor, because it has been proven that gravel content has an important effect on soil erosion. The Chaohu Lake Basin (CLB) in East China was used as an example to assess whether our proposal can improve the accuracy of soil erodibility calculation and soil erosion estimation compared with measured data. Results show that (1) taking gravel content into account helps to improve the calculation of soil erodibility and soil erosion estimation due to its protection to topsoil; (2) the overall soil erosion in the CLB was low (1.78 Mg·ha−1·year−1) the majority of which was slight erosion (accounting for 85.6%) and no extremely severe erosion; and (3) inappropriate land use such as steep slope reclamation and excessive vegetation destruction are the main reasons for soil erosion of the CLB. Our study will contribute to decision-makers to develop soil and water conservation policies.

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