scholarly journals A metamorfose das classes sociais no capitalismo contemporâneo: algumas reflexões | The metamorphosis of social classes in contemporary capitalism: reflections

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (41) ◽  
Author(s):  
Graça Druck
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Social Relation ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Current Context ◽  
Flexible Accumulation

Na primeira parte do artigo se apresentam algumas reflexões sobre a gênese das classes sociais no capitalismo, a partir de formulações em obras selecionadas de Marx e Engels, ressaltando a historicidade das classes em suas configurações em diferentes conjunturas, bem como a compreensão de classe como relação social. Na segunda parte, discutem-se criticamente algumas análises sobre classes ou sobre a classe trabalhadora em particular, no atual contexto da acumulação flexível, globalização e hegemonia das finanças e do neoliberalismo, buscando indicar alguns elementos para se compreender as metamorfoses das classes sociais hoje, dialogando com autores estrangeiros e brasileiros acerca da relação entre classe e “precariado”. Palavras-Chave: classes sociais; metamorfoses; capitalismo contemporâneo. Abstract – The first part of this article presents some reflections on the genesis of social classes in capitalism, based on formulations of selected works of Marx and Engels, highlighting the historicity of classes in their different configurations and the understanding of class as a social relation. In the second part, we critically discuss some analyses of class or specifically of the working class in the current context of flexible accumulation, globalization, and the hegemony of finance and neoliberalism, trying to indicate some elements to understand the metamorphoses of social classes today. We carry out this analysis debating with foreign and Brazilian authors over the link between class and the “precariat.”Keywords: social classes; metamorphoses; contemporary capitalism.

scholarly journals A imprensa operária e a História da Educação: uma análise das contribuições dos jornais O Labor e O Confederal para a História da Educação nos anos iniciais de Belo Horizonte

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Renata Garcia Campos Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
History Of Education ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Education For All ◽  
Education History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Belo Horizonte ◽  
Educational Field

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir a importância da utilização de impressos operários enquanto fonte para as pesquisas em história da educação, analisando alguns debates e ideias educacionais presentes em dois jornais operários de origem associativa: O Labor, da Confederação Auxiliadora dos Operários, e O Confederal, do Centro Confederativo dos Operários. As associações responsáveis pelos periódicos foram constituídas nos primeiros anos de existência de Belo Horizonte, cidade construída para sediar a nova capital do Estado de Minas Gerais. Os impressos operários, por sua vez, são entendidos em suas particularidades tendo-se em vista as suas características, os quais divulgavam algumas ideias e debates, como os referentes ao campo educacional. A partir da análise dos jornais foi apurada a existência de demandas e propostas por educação para todas as classes sociais, visto que o ensino em Belo Horizonte não era ofertado a todos, ou se era oferecido, não alcançava as classes sociais menos favorecidas.The working class press and the History of Education: an analysis of the contributions of the newspapers The Labor and The Confederal to the History of Education in the initial years of Belo Horizonte. This article aims to discuss the importance of the use of working class press as a source for research in the history of education, analyzing some debates and educational ideas present in two workers' newspapers of associative origin: The Labor, of the Auxiliary Confederation of Workers, and The Confederal, of the Confederative Center for Workers. The associations responsible for the periodicals were constituted in the first years of existence of Belo Horizonte, city built to host the new capital of the State of Minas Gerais. The working class periodicals, in turn, are understood in their particularities in view of their characteristics, which disseminated some ideas and debates, such as those concerning the educational field. From the analysis of the newspapers, the existence of demands and proposals for education for all social classes was verified, whereas the education in Belo Horizonte was not offered to all, or if it was offered, it did not reach the less favored social classes. Keywords: Workers associations; Belo Horizonte; Education; History of education; Working class press.

Building Workers’ Power

2020 ◽  
pp. 73-98
Author(s):  
James Muldoon
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
Ruling Class ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
Consciousness Raising ◽  
The Press ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Rosa Luxemburg

This chapter argues that council theorists considered it important to shift the balance of power between social classes in order to achieve political transformation. It theorizes differences between those who advocated ‘organization’ (Kautsky) versus those who advocated ‘mobilization’ (Luxemburg, Pannekoek) as the most effective method of developing the independent power of the working class. It claims Karl Kautsky advocated a strategy of developing power through building worker-led organizations such as the party, unions, and the press. His strategy involved the gradual growth of power through organization-building, parliamentary activity, and developing workers’ consciousness within existing organizations. Underlying this strategy of organization lay a conception of power as something that could be incrementally developed and stored through sound organizing, discipline, and patience. In contrast, Rosa Luxemburg and Anton Pannekoek considered that power could only be developed through political struggle and direct clashes with the ruling class. They argued that previously unorganized workers could be mobilized through the escalating dynamics of political struggle and that consciousness-raising was best conducted in militant action rather than administrative party activities. These two fundamentally different analyses of how workers should develop their power shed light on different aspects of the council movements’ political struggle.

scholarly journals Inequalities in Old Age

1983 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rex Taylor ◽  
Graeme Ford
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Social Health ◽  
Personal Resources ◽  
Age Cohorts ◽  
Elderly Males

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the distribution of personal resources - financial, social, health and psychological - between age cohorts, sex groups and social classes in a random sample of community elderly. As expected, the young elderly, males and those from middle-class backgrounds have a disproportionate share of three out of four of these resources, but for social support the balance of advantage is reversed. When age, sex and class are combined to yield eight subgroups, younger working-class males consistently rank high on all resources and older working-class females consistently rank low. Older middle-class females rank low on all resources other than on close friends.

scholarly journals O PROBLEMA DO MUNDO DO TRABALHO NO ATUAL CONTEXTO DA CRISE ESTRUTURAL DO CAPITAL

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Osterne Nonato Maia Filho ◽  
Maria das Dores Mendes Segundo ◽  
Josefa Jackline Rabelo
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Metabolic System ◽  
The World ◽  
Current Context ◽  
The Relationship

No atual momento de crise estrutural do capital, em que as forças produtivas são reconfiguradas na forma de produção destrutiva, a classe trabalhadora é cada vez mais subjugada ao capital, sofrendo, nestes termos, a negação ampla da condição de sujeitos revolucionários. Tomamos como referencial teórico-metodológico do presente ensaio a crítica onto-marxista ao sistema sociometabólico do capital. Quanto ao estudo sobre a crise estrutural do capital recorremos às formulações de István Mészáros. Constatamos que as profundas mudanças que ocorrem no processo de crise do capital estão vinculadas ao complexo do trabalho, produzindo efeitos sobre a realidade da educação. Trata-se, portanto, aqui de uma reflexão mais descritiva e exploratória, com o objetivo de explicitar a relação entre este contexto de crise, as demandas endereçadas à educação e seu lugar neste processo, destacando limites e possibilidades.Palavras-chave: Crise estrutural do capital. Educação. Trabalho.  THE PROBLEM OF THE WORLD OF THE WORK IN THE CURRENT CONTEXT CAPITAL STRUCTURAL CRISISAbstract: At the current moment of structural crisis of capital, in which the productive forces are also reconfigured in the form of destructive production, the working class is increasingly subjugated to capital, suffering, in these terms, the widespread denial of the condition of revolutionary subjects. We take as theoretical and methodological reference of this essay the onto-Marxist critique of the capital’s social-metabolic system. Regarding the study about the structural crisis of capital, we use the István Mészáros formulations. We note that the profound changes taking place in the capital crisis process are linked to the labor complex, producing effects over the reality of education. This article concerns, therefore, about a descriptive and exploratory reflection, with the goal of show the relationship  between this crisis context, the demands regarded to education and their role in this process, highlighting limits and possibilities.Keywords: Structural crisis of capital. Education. Labor.  EL PROBLEMA DEL MUNDO DEL TRABAJO EN EL CONTEXTO EN EL ACTUAL CONTEXTO DE LA CRISIS ESTRUCTURAL DEL CAPITAL Resumen: En el actual momento de la crisis estructural del capital en que las fuerzas productivas se reconfiguran en la forma de producción destructiva, la clase trabajadora es cada vez más subyugada al capital, sufriendo, en estos termos, la negación amplia de la condición de sujetos revolucionarios. Tomamos como marco teórico y metodológico del presente ensayo, la crítica onto-marxista al sistema socio-metabólico del capital. Cuanto al estudio acerca de la crisis estructural del capital recorrimos a las formulaciones de István Mészáros. Percibimos que los profundos cambios que ocurren en el proceso de crisis del capital están vinculados al complejo del trabajo, produciendo efectos sobre la realidad de la educación. Es, por tanto, una reflexión más descriptiva y exploratoria, en orden de aclarar la relación entre este contexto de crisis, las demandas dirigidas a la educación y su lugar en este proceso, poniendo de relieve los límites y posibilidades.Palabras-clave: Crisis estructural del capital. Educación. Trabajo.

scholarly journals O PROBLEMA DO MUNDO DO TRABALHO NO ATUAL CONTEXTO DA CRISE ESTRUTURAL DO CAPITAL

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Osterne Nonato Maia Filho ◽  
Maria das Dores Mendes Segundo ◽  
Josefa Jackline Rabelo
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Metabolic System ◽  
The World ◽  
Current Context ◽  
The Relationship

No atual momento de crise estrutural do capital, em que as forças produtivas são reconfiguradas na forma de produção destrutiva, a classe trabalhadora é cada vez mais subjugada ao capital, sofrendo, nestes termos, a negação ampla da condição de sujeitos revolucionários. Tomamos como referencial teórico-metodológico do presente ensaio a crítica onto-marxista ao sistema sociometabólico do capital. Quanto ao estudo sobre a crise estrutural do capital recorremos às formulações de István Mészáros. Constatamos que as profundas mudanças que ocorrem no processo de crise do capital estão vinculadas ao complexo do trabalho, produzindo efeitos sobre a realidade da educação. Trata-se, portanto, aqui de uma reflexão mais descritiva e exploratória, com o objetivo de explicitar a relação entre este contexto de crise, as demandas endereçadas à educação e seu lugar neste processo, destacando limites e possibilidades.Palavras-chave: Crise estrutural do capital. Educação. Trabalho.  THE PROBLEM OF THE WORLD OF THE WORK IN THE CURRENT CONTEXT CAPITAL STRUCTURAL CRISISAbstract: At the current moment of structural crisis of capital, in which the productive forces are also reconfigured in the form of destructive production, the working class is increasingly subjugated to capital, suffering, in these terms, the widespread denial of the condition of revolutionary subjects. We take as theoretical and methodological reference of this essay the onto-Marxist critique of the capital’s social-metabolic system. Regarding the study about the structural crisis of capital, we use the István Mészáros formulations. We note that the profound changes taking place in the capital crisis process are linked to the labor complex, producing effects over the reality of education. This article concerns, therefore, about a descriptive and exploratory reflection, with the goal of show the relationship  between this crisis context, the demands regarded to education and their role in this process, highlighting limits and possibilities.Keywords: Structural crisis of capital. Education. Labor.  EL PROBLEMA DEL MUNDO DEL TRABAJO EN EL CONTEXTO EN EL ACTUAL CONTEXTO DE LA CRISIS ESTRUCTURAL DEL CAPITAL Resumen: En el actual momento de la crisis estructural del capital en que las fuerzas productivas se reconfiguran en la forma de producción destructiva, la clase trabajadora es cada vez más subyugada al capital, sufriendo, en estos termos, la negación amplia de la condición de sujetos revolucionarios. Tomamos como marco teórico y metodológico del presente ensayo, la crítica onto-marxista al sistema socio-metabólico del capital. Cuanto al estudio acerca de la crisis estructural del capital recorrimos a las formulaciones de István Mészáros. Percibimos que los profundos cambios que ocurren en el proceso de crisis del capital están vinculados al complejo del trabajo, produciendo efectos sobre la realidad de la educación. Es, por tanto, una reflexión más descriptiva y exploratoria, en orden de aclarar la relación entre este contexto de crisis, las demandas dirigidas a la educación y su lugar en este proceso, poniendo de relieve los límites y posibilidades.Palabras-clave: Crisis estructural del capital. Educación. Trabajo.

scholarly journals Middle Class Rebellion through the Main Characters in Chuck Palahniuk’s Fight Club

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 214
Author(s):  
Ali Muhammad ◽  
Andhika Pratiwi ◽  
Ria Herwandar
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Karl Marx ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Middle Classes ◽  
Chuck Palahniuk ◽  
Fight Club

<p><em>Abstract - </em><strong>This research entitled “Middle Class Rebellion through the Main Characters in Chuck Palahniuk’s Fight Club” analyses the portrayal of the Middle Classes which is depicted through the main characters. These characters are undertaking a Rebellion towards the system of Capitalism that is depicted in the novel Fight Club. The theory used in this research is the theory of the intrinsic element of Characterization by M.H. Abrams and the theory Capitalism by Karl Marx which includes the theory of Alienation and the Struggle of Social Classes. This research focuses on the portrayal of how Middle Classes undertake their Rebellion which is depicted through the main characters in the novel Fight Club by Chuck Palahniuk. This research has found that the two main characters are a depiction of the Middle Class and the Working Class. They rebel against Capitalism by doing small acts of vandalism which escalates into blackmail. The findings are that the real characteristics of modern society of the middle class can be seen  such as consumerism, restless life towards insomnia and workers who identify themselves as not workers.</strong></p><p><strong><em>Keywords - </em></strong><em>Middle Class, Rebellion, Social Class, Marxism, Capitalism</em></p>

Lay Evaluation of Medicine and Medical Practice: Report of a Pilot Study

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Calnan
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Medical Practitioner ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Way

Sociologists appear to differ in the way they portray the public's ideas about modern medicine. Some argue that the public accepts that modern medicine is effective, and others say that as a whole the public is skeptical about its value. There is a dearth of empirical evidence about what the public thinks of modern medicine; this pilot study attempts to fill this gap. Tape-recorded interviews were carried out with small samples of women from Social Classes I and II and Classes IV and V to find out what they felt about the value of modern medicine and to identify the criteria that they used to assess a “good” and “bad” medical practitioner. The results showed that there is some degree of skepticism about the value of modern medicine, particularly amongst working-class people. However, the criteria for assessing the performance of a medical practitioner were only rarely seen to be tied up with the criteria used to assess the value of modern medicine.

Social Factors and Neurosis in a Working-Class Population

1963 ◽  
Vol 109 (462) ◽  
pp. 587-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Pond ◽  
A. Ryle ◽  
Madge Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
School Age ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
The Social ◽  
Medical Index ◽  
Medical Histories ◽  
Primary School Age

In the course of a study of families containing children of primary school age, we have collected detailed social and medical histories of the parents. In earlier papers (Ryle and Hamilton, 1962; Hamilton et al., 1962) based upon part of the population studied here, we have confirmed the reliability of the Cornell Medical Index (C.M.I.) as an indicator of neurosis. The aim of the present paper is to investigate whether social factors within a relatively homogeneous, largely working-class population, are related to neuroticism. While differences in the rate of neurosis between the social classes have often been described, interpretations of these differences are difficult because they may be due not only to variations in the rate of illness but also to differences in the mode of presentation, in symptomatology or in attitudes to medical treatment or to research enquiry. On the other hand, in studying a population such as ours, with small social class differences, the range of social factors available for measurement is reduced.

The Sociolectal and Stylistic Variability of Rhythm in Stockholm

2021 ◽  
pp. 002383092096972
Author(s):  
Nathan J. Young
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Racial Group ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Speech Rhythm ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Stratified Sample ◽  
Marker Status

The question of “staccato” rhythm in Stockholm’s multiethnolect is investigated by comparing nPVIV measurements of the speech of 36 adult male speakers. The men, ages 24–43, come from a stratified sample of social classes and racial groups. Three contextual styles were recorded and analyzed: informal, formal, and very formal. The distribution of nPVIV values in informal speech across class and racial group indicates that speech rhythm splits three ways: low-alternation “staccato” rhythm among the racialized lower-class men, high-alternation rhythm among the white lower-class men, and an intermediate level of rhythm among higher-class men, regardless of racialized category. The “staccato” low-alternation feature is also less stylistically sensitive than the high-alternation feature, implying that the latter is a more established feature than the former. Further, the “staccato” feature is more stylistically sensitive among younger speakers than older speakers, implying an ongoing change from indicator to marker status. For all speakers, age has a stable main effect, which means that younger speakers, independent of racial group and class, have lower alternation than older speakers. Implied here is that low-alternation is a change from below that originates within the racialized working class. While it may be incrementally transmitting into the wider speech community, the white working class is the most resistant to its incursion.

On the Death and Resurrection of Class Voting: Some Comments on How Britain Votes

1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 620-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivor Crewe
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Election Study ◽  
Relative Class ◽  
Class Voting

How Britain Votes,1 based on the 1983 British Election Study, challenges the consensual view that in recent elections class voting has declined and thereby contributed to Labour's electoral misfortunes. It redefines social classes, including the working class, claims that relative class voting shows no evidence of decline, argues that Labour's electoral troubles are largely due to the diminishing size of the working class, not its changing character, and infers that Labour need not and should not dilute its explicit working-class appeal. This article shows that these criticisms of previous work are misplaced; that the claim that class voting has not declined is marred by logical, conceptual and measurement flaws; that a class dealignment has undoubtedly occurred; and that the implications for Labour's electoral strategy are the opposite of those suggested.

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