scholarly journals THE NATIONAL MINORITY CONSULTATIVE MECHANISMS - THE COUNCILS OF NATIONAL MINORITIES IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Čorni
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
National Minority ◽  
National Minorities

scholarly journals THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE UKRAINIAN NATIONAL MINORITY IN THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA

AГГ+ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Milijana Okilj ◽  
Ljubiša Preradović ◽  
Miroslav Malinović
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
National Minority ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Sacred Architecture ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
Architectural Evaluation ◽  
The Republic

The territory of the Republic of Srpska is well-known for a large number of foreign colonies formed after 1878. Foreigners from all over the Austro-Hungarian Empire were settled in the northern parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, today covering the municipalities in the Republic of Srpska. The most dominant group among all national minorities was the Ukrainian. This paper deals with their sacred architecture, which significantly contributes to the image of architecture in the Republic of Srpska. Common properties, the historical context and background ideas are shown, along with selected examples of representative pieces of architecture, followed by a historical and architectural evaluation. Moreover, a note on the number of demolished sacred buildings is given, completing this paper that originally contributes to the historical research and analysis of architecture in this region.

“Serbs” in Bela krajina: a (deliberately) forgotten minority?

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 178-194
Author(s):  
Romana Bešter ◽  
Miran Komac ◽  
Mojca Medvešek ◽  
Janez Pirc
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Border Region ◽  
National Minority ◽  
Minority Status ◽  
Small Community ◽  
Minority Protection ◽  
National Minorities

There are three constitutionally recognized national/ethnic minorities in Slovenia: the Italians, the Hungarians and the Roma. In addition, there are other ethnic groups that could perhaps be considered as “autochthonous” national minorities in line with Slovenia's understanding of this concept. Among them is a small community of “Serbs” – the successors of the Uskoks living in Bela krajina, a border region of Slovenia. In this article we present results of a field research that focused on the following question: Can the “Serb” community in Bela krajina be considered a national minority? On the basis of the objective facts, it could be said that the “Serbs” in four Bela krajina villages are a potential national minority, but with regard to their modest social vitality and the fact that they do not express their desire for minority status, the realization of special minority protection is questionable.

scholarly journals The number, status and organizational aspects of Serbs in Zagreb

Stanovnistvo ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-68
Author(s):  
Drago Zuparic-Iljic
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Functional Integration ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
National Minority ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
Majority Population ◽  
The Status ◽  
Legislative Framework

This paper provides an overview of the basic characteristics regarding number, as well as normative and functional status, i.e. legal and institutional status of Serbs in Zagreb. Furthermore, the paper describes some distinctions among organizational levels of Serbian minority in Zagreb, concerning the most important aspects of socio-cultural, educational and religious integration. Serbian minority members? number in Croatia and Zagreb is analyzed using an official demographic statistics, focusing primarily on major socio-demographic indicators, on population density and ethnic composition data for the population of Zagreb municipality for the period of 1981-2011. Legal position of the Serbian minority in Zagreb is described using analysis of official documents, including legislative framework provisions, which are related to issues of national minorities? status and rights. Institutional and organizational status is elucidated by using descriptive analysis of cultural, educational, media and religious aspects of minority?s life. The number of Serbs in Croatia decreased drastically in last twenty years, affecting their number being reduced to approximately one-third of the prewar number. In the period 1981 to 2011 there was a continuous increase of number and proportion of Croatian majority population, and continuous reduction of national minorities in Zagreb. The biggest percentile decreasing in the municipality of Zagreb (during period 1991-2001) have undergone members of the Serbian (57.7%), Slovenian (48.9%), and Montenegrin (43.7%) minority. In the case of Serbs, this is primarily and predominantly a consequence of forced emigration (displacement) induced by the war in the 1990s. Moreover, negative demographic trends together with a possibility of ?false? national declaration in census, as well as the relentless process of assimilation are counted as specific factors in reducing the number of national minorities? members. Status of Serbs as the former "constituent people/ethnicity" in Socialist Republic of Croatia was modified in the status of "national minority" in (Democratic) Republic of Croatia, due to constitutional changes in 1990. Today, in accordance with the provisions of the Constitutional Law on National Minorities in 2002 national minorities in Croatia enjoy the rights in the area of cultural (linguistic, educational and religious) autonomy. Implementation of these rights still faces many problems in everyday praxis, which is reflected in organizational aspects and levels of Serbs in Zagreb. Cultural, artistic, and educational associations and initiatives among Serbian minority organize activities that contribute to promotion, preservation and expressing specific national minority?s identity. Although satisfactory level of normative (legal) integration does not guarantee functional integration of minorities into wider socio-economic, cultural and political matrix, that normative integration, along with political will and favorable social climate, sets an essential precondition for the willingness to implement laws and regulations in order to improve Serbian minority status.

On the Intrinsic Value of Arabic in Israel—Challenging Kymlicka on Language Rights

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meital Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
General Question ◽  
National Minority ◽  
Minority Languages ◽  
Language Rights ◽  
Linguistic Minorities ◽  
Complex Situation ◽  
Intrinsic Interest ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
Israeli Arabs

In the postcolonial era, we have witnessed waves of mass immigration. Consequently, many states are no longer associated with just one or two national languages. Newly formed immigrant minorities raise demands for language rights, alongside national minorities, which raise similar demands.Such a complex situation exists, for example, in Canada, where only French and English are declared official languages although there are other languages, such as Chinese, which are spoken by large communities of people. My paper addresses the general question of which linguistic minorities are most entitled to comprehensive language rights. Will Kymlicka distinguishes between national minorities, which he regards as deserving of comprehensive language rights, and immigrant minorities which are not. Many scholars challenge Kymlicka’s distinction. However, none of them have suggested alternative criteria for distinguishing minority languages that are entitled to protection from minority languages that are less entitled to protection. In my paper, I suggest such a criterion. My alternative criterion is based on the intrinsic interest people have in protecting their own language as the marker of their cultural identity, thus, comprehensive language rights are to be accorded to linguistic minorities that possess the strongest intrinsic interest in the protection of their language as their marker of cultural identity. I apply my criterion to the Israeli case, in which there are two dominant linguistic minorities: the Arab national minority and the Jewish Russian immigrant minority. Relying on general criticism of Kymlicka’s distinction, I argue that this distinction is not applicable to the Israeli linguistic case. Applying my alternative criterion to the Israeli case, I argue that Israeli Arabs have a stronger interest in Arabic than the Russian Jewish minority has in Russian because Arabic constitutes Israeli Arabs’ exclusive marker of identity.

A Further Minor Step—Minority-Related (D)eve(lopme)nts within the European Institutions throughout 2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 300-318
Author(s):  
Kinga Gál ◽  
Kata Eplényi
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
National Minority ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Languages ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
Language Groups ◽  
Regional Language ◽  
European Institutions ◽  
First Results

This article covers those minority-related developments, important events and “missing” steps of the eu Institutions, especially the ep and the European Commission, throughout the year of 2014 that relate to traditional national minorities, regional language groups, and national communities. The year 2014 cannot be separated from 2013, thus the study covers one and a half years and analyses—among others—issues such as the first results of the European Citizens Initiative, the adopted resolution on endangered European languages and linguistic diversity in the European Union, the successful re-establishment of the “Intergroup for Traditional Minorities, National Communities and Languages” and the challenges the European Commission faces in this field. The study provides an analytical evaluation of this period. Throughout 2013 and 2014 a few minor steps forward were made within the European institutions on the field related to national minority protection; however, none of these should be over- or underestimated.

National Minority Problems in Romania: Continuity or Change?

1994 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-81
Author(s):  
Stephen Fischer-Galati
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Body Politic ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
National Minority ◽  
World War ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Russian Empire

The national minorities question in Romania has been one of crises and polemics. This is due, in part, to the fact that Greater Romania, established at the end of World War I, brought the Old Romanian Kingdom into a body politic (a kingdom itself relatively free of minority problems), with territories inhabited largely by national minorities. Thus, the population of Transylvania and the Banat, both of which had been constituent provinces of the defunct Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, included large numbers of Hungarians and Germans, while Bessarabia, a province of the Russian empire, included large numbers of Jews. While the Hungarian (Szeklers and Magyars), Germans (Saxons and Swabians), and Jewish minorities were the largest and most difficult to integrate into Greater Romania, other sizeable national minorities such as the Bulgarians, Russians, Ukrainians, Tatars, Serbians, Turks, and Gypsies also posed problems to the rulers of Greater Romania during the interwar period and, in some cases, even after World War II.

The National Minority Policy of Today's Yugoslavia

1980 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-51
Author(s):  
Thaddeus Z. Gasinski
Keyword(s):  
Federal Republic ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Entire Population ◽  
National Minority ◽  
Border Regions ◽  
The Past ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
The Status

Today's Yugoslav policy toward a score of national minorities, officially called nationalities, essentially amounts to what the ruling League of Communists of Yugoslavia publicly says and what is actually done by the appropriate organs at the federal, republic, provincial, and commune levels with respect to ethnically non-Yugoslav citizens. Although the Yugoslav national minorities (nationalities) make up only twelve percent of the entire population, their real impact on the Yugoslav multinational society is much stronger. This is due to the uneven economic and cultural development of various geographical regions in the past and to the compact settlement of national minorities in the sensitive border regions, where in some cases, they de facto enjoy the status of majority.

scholarly journals Status prawny mniejszości narodowych w Republice Słowackiej

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 93-111
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Puzyniak
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
National Minority ◽  
Minority Languages ◽  
The European Union ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

Położenie mniejszości narodowych na terenie Republiki Słowackiej regulują liczne akty prawne. Wśród nich znajdują się dokumenty przyjmowane na gruncie krajowym oraz rozwiązania o charakterze międzynarodowym. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie treści najważniejszych ustaw oraz dokumentów, które wpływają na położenie mniejszości narodowych na Słowacji, a także przybliżenie reakcji organizacji międzynarodowych na wprowadzane przez Bratysławę regulacje prawne. The legal status of national minorities in the Slovak Republic The location of national minorities in the territory of the Slovak Republic is regulated by numerous national acts, the most important of which are the constitution, the law on the use of national minority languages and the law on the state language. References to national minorities can be found in many other acts, such as the Act on counteracting discrimination, the Act on Upbringing and Education and the Act on Radio and Television. The issue of minorities is also raised in bilateral agreements, an example of which is the agreement on good neighbourliness and friendly cooperation between the Slovak Republic and the Republic of Hungary. The legal situation of minorities in Slovakia is also influenced by international organizations to which Bratislava belongs. In this case, the Council of Europe’s most significant influence, the European Union, the Central European Initiative and the United Nations. Over the years, the Slovak authorities have also created institutions responsible for activities for national minorities, and among them, an important function is performed by the Government Plenipotentiary of the Slovak Republic for National Minorities. This article aims to analyse the legal acts and institutions regulating the legal status of national minorities in Slovakia. The publication is also intended to show that the issue of minorities is covered in many legal solutions, and the Slovak authorities have developed a system of protection and support for this community over the years. The author used the institutional and legal method.

scholarly journals Stosunek społeczeństwa polskiego i mniejszości narodowych do obowiązku służby wojskowej w czasie wojny z Rosją bolszewicką (luty 1919 – listopad 1920)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-79
Author(s):  
Leszek Kania
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
National Minority ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
Military Duty ◽  
War For Independence ◽  
Red Army ◽  
Polish Society ◽  
Negative Phenomena

The article is devoted to the protection of the combat capability of the Polish Army front troops from negative phenomena lowering their morale and discipline during the war with Bolshevik Russia in 1919–1921, and the attitudes of the Polish society and national minorities towards fulfilling their military service. After regaining independence, the war for independence and eastern borders had to be fought with a traditionally aggressive neighbor, Bolshevik Russia, which wanted to take advantage of the limited capabilities of a country ruined by wars, the enormous internal difficulties of a state united from three partitioned districts, the apparent attractiveness of the Bolshevik ideology and the multi-ethnicity of the society, which to some extent became susceptible to the populist slogans of the invader. During this war, the Polish Army was troubled by desertion of soldiers from the battle line and by mass evasion of military duty by men with a national minority background. Units fighting at the front were agitated by the propaganda apparatus of the Red Army, whose intention was a moral decay of the Polish Army.

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