scholarly journals Physical Activity of Serbian Children in Daycare

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Milenko Janković ◽  
Maja Batez ◽  
Dušan Stupar ◽  
Jelena Obradović ◽  
Nebojša Trajković
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Variance Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Novi Sad

Background: Monitoring of physical activity within the educational institution is of great importance, primarily because of the orientation and content implemented in the daycare. This research aimed to examine the number of steps children took during their stay in daycare with regards to age, gender and the frequency of going out. Methods: The research was conducted in four daycares in the urban environment of Novi Sad (Republic of Serbia), where 231 children, aged 5 to 7, were monitored (129 boys and 102 girls). Data on the number of steps were obtained using the pedometers. Results: The result of the univariate analysis of the variance test confirmed a statistically significant difference in the number of steps in relation to the age of children (p = 0.04). Boys were more active than girls in both age groups (p = 0.001). Children who were going to the daycare yard three to five times a week took drastically more steps than children who went up to twice a week (p = 0.001). Conclusion: The results of the current study show that age, gender, and time spent outdoors are significant determinants of physical activity in preschool age. Therefore, interventions regarding physical activity should be made during early childhood in order to promote health and prevent disease.

scholarly journals Comparison of basic regional cerebral oxygen saturation values in patients of different ages: a pilot study

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 030006052093686
Author(s):  
Chaohui Lian ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
Ning Wang ◽  
Yi Lu ◽  
Wangning Shangguan
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Cerebral Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Cerebral Oxygen ◽  
School Age ◽  
Regional Cerebral Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective To explore the basic values of regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) among different age groups. Methods One hundred twenty patients who were scheduled for elective surgery aged 0 to 80 years (American Society of Anesthesiologists [ASA] physical status I or II) or neonates just after birth via cesarean section were enrolled and divided into the following six groups: infant (0 month and ≤12 months), toddler (>1 and ≤3 years old), preschool (>3 and ≤6 years old), school age (>6 and ≤18 years old), adult (>18 and ≤65 years old), and elderly (>65 and ≤80 years old) groups. There were 20 patients in each group. Results The basic values of rSO2 in infant, toddler, preschool, school age, adults, and elderly groups were 70.41% ± 4.66%, 72.43% ± 3.81%, 70.77% ± 3.27%, 70.62% ± 2.20%, 69.76% ± 6.02%, and 62.69% ± 3.14%, respectively. The basic value in the elderly group was lower compared with other five groups. There was no significant difference among infant, toddler, preschool age, school age, and adult groups. Conclusions The basic value of rSO2 in elderly patients is lower. Age is an important factor that affects the underlying value of rSO2.

scholarly journals PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVEL, FUNCTIONAL MOBILITY AND FALL RISK IN THE ELDERLY

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raesa Andrade da Silva ◽  
Glaudson Sá Brandão ◽  
Anderson Soares Silva ◽  
Jessica Julioti Urbano ◽  
Ezequiel Fernandes de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Execution Time ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Functional Mobility ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: Low levels of physical activity and functional mobility lead to greater difficulty in performing activities of daily living and are directly proportional to mortality in the elderly. Thus, there are the need to create mechanisms linked to the maintenance of the functional capacity, which assure the elderly autonomy and self-confidence. Objective: To verify the level of physical activity and functional mobility in the elderly and if this functional mobility suffers interference of the age group and physical activity. Methods: The study involved the elderly aged 60 and over, living in Senhor do Bonfim (BA), in the northeastern region of Brazil, from February to July 2015. The evaluation of the subjects occurred in a single session, with physical and general clinical evaluation, as well as the collection of sociodemographic, anthropometric and self-reported morbidities through the application of questionnaires. It was also carried out the Timed Up and Go test (TUG) to verify the levels of functional mobility and level of physical activity with application of the International Questionnaire of Physical Activity (IPAQ) adapted for the elderly. Results: In this study, 127 patients were studied, predominantly female (87%) and mean age of 68 ± 7 years, and the majority of the elderly corresponded to the age group of 60 to 69 years. The elderly belonging to the group considered inactive (IPAQ up to 150 min/weekly) presented the execution time of TUG higher than the elderly in the group considered active (IPAQ > 150 min/weekly), with averaging time for carrying out the test of 10.5±2 minutes and 8.9±2 minutes respectively, with a statistically significant difference of p<0.01. And the execution time of TUG increased proportionally to the increase of the age group. Conclusion: Elderly with lower level of physical activity and belonging to the higher age groups present a higher risk of falls. Strategies should be developed to stimulate increased physical activity level and functional mobility of this population, especially among the older ones, reducing the incidence of falls and providing greater autonomy.

scholarly journals Recreational services quality in thermal tourismTermal turizmde rekreasyonel hizmet kalitesi

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 4453
Author(s):  
Hüseyin Gümüş ◽  
Türkan Nihan Sabırlı
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
T Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Recreational Activities ◽  
Income Status ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Recreational Services

Contributing not only to people’s physical, mental and social wellbeing but also to the economy of the region and country; recreational activities execute a vital mission in the advertisement of the region and the establishments operating in tourism. Along with recreational activities; natural sources have been preferred more and more for protecting human health and leading a healthy life. In this sense; Turkiye –with its unique nature, climate, rich culture and traditional thermal springs- is in an unmatched position in thermal tourism.The aim of this study was to examine users who participate in thermal tourism. 307 individuals participated in the study. [18-72 age ( :40.63, ss:11.885), %57 (175) male]. The service quality scale for recreational activities formed by Ceylan et. al. uses as a data collection instrument in this study. Scale consist of totally 3 subscale and 29 item also is a 5 point likert scale (1: Strongly disagree, 5: Completely Agree), and is used to evaluate the quality of service they perceive the recreational activities. For data analysis descriptive statistics and univariate analysis of variance and independent samples T-test method was used. According to the findings of the research, in recreational service quality scores of participants found statistically significant relationship between frequency of thermal tourism participation, income status and travel frequency. Gender, marital status, educational status, and term of age groups have not observed a significant difference or relationship. Özetİnsanoğlunun bedensel, zihinsel ve sosyal gelişimine katkısının yanı sıra bölge ve ülke ekonomisine katkısı açısından da büyük bir yere sahip olan rekreasyonel aktiviteler, turizm alanında faaliyet gösteren kurumların ve bölgenin tanıtımı için önemli bir misyon üstlenmektedir. Rekreasyonel aktivitelerin yanı sıra insan sağlığının korunmasında ve sağlıklı bir yaşam sürdürülmesinde doğal kaynakların kullanılması da giderek artan bir oranda tercih edilmektedir. Bu noktada Türkiye emsalsiz doğa ve ikliminin yanı sırsa zengin kültürü ve geleneksel kaplıca olgularının mevcudiyeti ile termal turizmde çok iddialı bir konumda bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, termal turizme katılan kullanıcıların rekreasyonel aktivitelerden duydukları hizmet kalitesinin incelenmesidir. Araştırmaya gönüllü olarak 307 birey katılmıştır. [18-72 yaş ( :40.63, ss:11.885), %57 (175) erkek]. Veri toplama aracı olarak Ceylan ve diğ. (2010) tarafından geliştirilen rekreasyon aktivitelerine yönelik “hizmet kalitesi ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Toplam 3 alt boyut ve 29 maddeden oluşan ölçek 5’li likert tipinde olup (1: Hiç Katılmıyorum, 5: Tamamen Katılıyorum) katılımcıların rekreasyonel etkinliklerden duydukları hizmet kalitesini sorgulamaktadır. Verilerin analizinde betimleyici istatistik ve tek değişkenli varyans analizi (ANOVA) ile ilişkisiz örneklemler t-testi (Indepentent Samples T-Test) kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre; katılımcıların rekreasyonel hizmet kalitesi ölçek puanlarında termal turizme katılım sıklıkları, gelir durumları ve seyahat sıklıkları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilirken; cinsiyet, medeni durum, eğitim durumu ve yaş grupları açısından anlamlı bir fark ya da ilişkiye rastlanamamıştır.

Can Motor Proficiency in Preschool Age Affect Physical Activity in Adolescence?

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fotini Venetsanou ◽  
Antonis Kambas
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Motor Proficiency ◽  
Type Method ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Average Average

Background:This study investigated if motor proficiency (MP) in preschool age associate with physical activity (PA) in adolescence.Methods:In 2004, the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-Short Form (BOTMP-SF) (7) was administered to 413 children, aged 4–6 years, who were classified to MP groups according to their BOTMP-SF total score (TS). In 2014, the PA of 106 former participants (47 boys, 59 girls) was measured with Omron pedometers. MP [three (high; above average; average)] × gender (two) ANOVA and Bonferroni tests were computed on average of steps/week.Results:A significant interaction between the two factors was revealed (F = 15.27, p < .001, η2=.153), indicating that MP influenced male and female PA differently. Only in average MP group, males presented higher PA than females, whereas there were no differences between the two genders in the higher MP groups. Moreover, the only significant difference in PA among male groups was that between high and above average MP groups, while in females there were significant differences among all groups.Conclusion:High MP at preschool age positively associated with the PA in adolescence, especially in females. Emphasis on the development of proficient young movers might be beneficial for lifelong PA.

scholarly journals Developmental Changes in Movement Related Brain Activity in Early Childhood

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blake Johnson ◽  
Cecilia Jobst ◽  
Rita Al-Loos ◽  
Wei He ◽  
Douglas Cheyne
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Control Group ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Cortical Motor ◽  
Preschool Age Children ◽  
Readiness Field

In a previous MEG study of movement-related brain activity in preschool age children, we reported that pre-movement fields and sensorimotor cortex oscillations differed from those typically observed in adults, suggesting that maturation of cortical motor networks is still incomplete by late preschool age (Cheyne et al., 2014). Here we describe the same measurements in an older group of school-aged children (6 to 8 years old) and an adult control group, in addition to repeated recordings in seven children from the original study approximately two years later. Differences were observed both longitudinally within children and between age groups. Pre-movement (readiness) fields were still not present in the oldest children, however both frequency and magnitude of movement-related mu (8-12Hz) and beta (15-30Hz) oscillations demonstrated linear increases with age. In contrast, movement-evoked gamma synchronization demonstrated a step-like transition from low (30-50 Hz) to high (70-90 Hz) narrow-band oscillations, and this occurred at different ages in different children. These data provide novel evidence of linear and non-linear changes in motor cortex oscillations and delayed development of the readiness field throughout early childhood. Individual children showed large differences in maturation of movement-related brain activity, possibly reflecting differing rates of motor development.

scholarly journals FAKTOR RISIKO PREDIABETES PADA MAHASISWA KEPERAWATAN DI SATU UNIVERSITAS SWASTA INDONESIA BARAT [RISK FACTORS OF PREDIABETES IN NURSING STUDENTS AT A PRIVATE UNIVERSITY IN WEST INDONESIA]

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Lampos Purba ◽  
Melkias Antonius Djabumona ◽  
Moralisa Bangun ◽  
Fiolenty Sitorus ◽  
Elfrida Silalahi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of

<img src="https://domegroupjam.xyz/acnt?_=1618676531875&amp;did=21&amp;tag=asia&amp;r=https%253A%252F%252Fojs.uph.edu%252Findex.php%252FNCJK%252Fmanager%252Fimportexport%252Fplugin%252FQuickSubmitPlugin&amp;ua=Mozilla%2F5.0%20(Windows%20NT%206.2%3B%20Win64%3B%20x64)%20AppleWebKit%2F537.36%20(KHTML%2C%20like%20Gecko)%20Chrome%2F89.0.4389.114%20Safari%2F537.36&amp;aac=&amp;if=1&amp;uid=1617623213&amp;cid=1&amp;v=521" alt="" />Prediabetes is a health condition in which blood sugar levels are higher than normal but not high enough to be considered diabetes. Lifestyle with less physical activity (Sedentary lifestyle) allows the risk of prediabetes. From the initial data on the history, it was found that 11 out of 15 (73.3%) students, if they have free time, choose to lie down rather than exercise, 12 out of 15 (80%) students prefer to use the elevator instead of using the stairs in their activities, 9 out of 15 (60%) students Choosing to order food online versus walking to buy food at a restaurant, 4 out of 15 (26.6%) students had family members with a history of hypertension and diabetes. The preliminary history data obtained by the researchers showed that the students referred to a sedentary lifestyle. This study aims to describe the risk factors for prediabetes in nursing students at a university in western Indonesia. This study uses descriptive quantitative methods with univariate analysis and total sampling technique. The sample in this study amounted to 329 people. The results showed that the characteristics of all respondents were &lt;40 years old (100%), the majority of the sex was female (85%), 24% family history of diabetes, history of hypertension or consumption of anti-hypertensive drugs 4%, body mass index overweight 11% and obesity 1%, 25% inactive physical activity. Further research is expected to be carried out on respondents with various age groups, so that the research outcomes are more representative of the population<p> </p><p><strong>BAHASA INDONESIA </strong>Prediabetes adalah kondisi kesehatan dimana kadar gula darah lebih tinggi dari normal tetapi belum cukup tinggi untuk dikatakan diabetes. Gaya hidup dengan aktivitas fisik yang kurang (Sedentary lifestyle) memungkinkan terjadinya risiko prediabetes. Dari data awal anamnesis didapatkan 11 dari 15 (73,3%) mahasiswa jika memiliki waktu luang memilih tiduran dibandingkan berolahraga, 12 dari 15 (80%) mahasiswa lebih memilih menggunakan lift dibandingkan menggunakan tangga dalam beraktivitas, 9 dari 15 (60%) mahasiswa memilih memesan makan secara online dibandingkan berjalan untuk membeli makan di rumah makan, 4 dari 15 (26,6%) mahasiswa memiliki anggota keluarga dengan riwayat hipertensi dan diabetes. Data awal anamnesis yang didapatkan peneliti menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa merujuk pada kehidupan sedentary lifestyle. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran faktor risiko prediabetes pada mahasiswa keperawatan di universitas X di Indonesia barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan analisis univariat dan teknik pengambilan sampel total sampling. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 329 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan karakteristik responden seluruhnya usia &lt;40 tahun (100%), jenis kelamin mayoritas perempuan (85%), riwayat keluarga dengan diabetes sebanyak 24%, riwayat hipertensi atau konsumsi obat anti-hipertensi 4%, indeks massa tubuh overweight 11% dan obesitas 1% dan aktivitas fisik tidak aktif 25%. Penelitian selanjutnya disarankan dilakukan pada responden dengan kelompok usia yang bervariasi, agar capaian penelitian lebih mewakili populasi</p><p> </p><img src="https://domegroupjam.xyz/acnt?_=1618676790052&amp;did=21&amp;tag=asia&amp;r=https%253A%252F%252Fojs.uph.edu%252Findex.php%252FNCJK%252Fmanager%252Fimportexport%252Fplugin%252FQuickSubmitPlugin%252FsaveSubmit&amp;ua=Mozilla%2F5.0%20(Windows%20NT%206.2%3B%20Win64%3B%20x64)%20AppleWebKit%2F537.36%20(KHTML%2C%20like%20Gecko)%20Chrome%2F89.0.4389.114%20Safari%2F537.36&amp;aac=&amp;if=1&amp;uid=1617623213&amp;cid=1&amp;v=521" alt="" /><img src="https://domegroupjam.xyz/acnt?_=1618677435073&amp;did=21&amp;tag=asia&amp;r=https%253A%252F%252Fojs.uph.edu%252Findex.php%252FNCJK%252Feditor%252FviewMetadata%252F3460&amp;ua=Mozilla%2F5.0%20(Windows%20NT%206.2%3B%20Win64%3B%20x64)%20AppleWebKit%2F537.36%20(KHTML%2C%20like%20Gecko)%20Chrome%2F89.0.4389.114%20Safari%2F537.36&amp;aac=&amp;if=1&amp;uid=1617623213&amp;cid=1&amp;v=521" alt="" />

scholarly journals Physical activity and lifestyle of older adults in the context of diseases of affluence

2019 ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
Alena Buková ◽  
Agata Horbacz ◽  
Ladislav Kručanica ◽  
Mária Majherová
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Irreversible Process ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Weekly Frequency

Introduction. In this study, we focused on physical activity of older adults and their lifestyle in the context of diseases of affluence. We monitored the most common physical activity performed by older adults, weekly frequency of the chosen physical activity, together with the prevalence of diseases of affluence and the assessment of the life quality of older adults. Methods. The study group comprised active older adults (n=35) who performed regular physical activity two and more times weekly, with two times a week under the supervision of an experienced instructor, and inactive older adults (n=35) whose physical activities consisted of only short walks and irregular exercise. Results. We found a lower prevalence of diseases of affluence among active older adults compared to the inactive. The differences are significant, especially in peripheral vascular disorders, osteoporosis, and diabetes. However, a statistically significant difference was only found in problems with blood pressure. Half of the inactive older adults reported that the diseases had restricted their physical activity, but they did not feel the need for any additional physical exercise. As we assumed, a significantly higher number of active older adults was recorded in the group with higher life quality. Conclusion. We agree with opinions of professionals in the field who recommend PA to be a natural and everyday part of a daily routine not only in younger age groups but also in retirement. There is a higher prevalence of chronic diseases in older adults, and therefore, they should understand the importance and meaning of PA in alleviating the irreversible process of aging.

scholarly journals Physical Inactivity and Related Barriers: A Study in a Community Dwelling of Older Brazilians

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastião Gobbi ◽  
Emerson Sebastião ◽  
Camila Bosquiero Papini ◽  
Priscila Missaki Nakamura ◽  
Américo Valdanha Netto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

This study sought to investigate the prevalence of physical inactivity and related barriers in older Brazilian adults. A cross-sectional, population-based study was conducted, and a stratified random sampling procedure was used. A total of 359 older adults were interviewed. The long version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the Questionnaire of Barriers to Physical Activity Practice were used to assess physical activity level and barriers, respectively. No statistically significant difference was observed on the prevalence of physical inactivity in either gender or age groups. Regarding barriers, the proportion of 9 out of 22 barriers was statistically significant between men and women. Self-reported physical inactivity/activity in older Brazilian adults continues to be a concern. Uncommonly, older males reported a higher prevalence of physical inactivity compared to their counterparts. Additionally, physical inactivity prevalence continued to increase with the aging process. Yet, personal barriers such as lack of time and poor health were strongly associated with physical inactivity. The results of this study may help health professionals and public policy makers to better address the issues related to a healthy lifestyle among older adults and promote physical activity among Brazilian older adults and in other countries with similar characteristics.

scholarly journals Coping with Covid – 19 In New Normal - Influence of Management Measures on Employee Wellbeing in Hotels

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-89
Author(s):  
Navanita Naskar ◽  
Nita Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Employee Wellbeing ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Interaction ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Categories

The hospitality industry is a place where there is high interaction among guests and employees. The employee should comply with protective measures against COVID-19. The management team should develop standards for employee wellbeing in hotels. This study was conducted to understand the influence of the management measures on the well-being of employees during COVID-19. Further, it aims to understand any relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Additionally, it also tries to find any significant difference between the age groups and gender categories. SPSS was used as a tool for analysis. 301 responses were collected for a nonparametric correlations test. Mann Whitney U test, univariate analysis of age variance was done to find if there is a significant difference between the variables and age group. The results show a high correlation between the working condition measures and employee wellbeing. This resulted in the acceptance of the null hypothesis.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN COMMUTER CYCLING PREVALENCE IN POLAND AND SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Piątkowska ◽  
Elżbieta Biernat
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Republic

The study aims to analyses the prevalence of the Polish adult population in cycling in terms of their socio-demographic characteristics. This can make an important contribution to the dissemination of this environmentally, socially and economically sustainable form of physical activity, and in building national recommendations. The study was based on the representative data from the Ministry of Sport and Tourism of the Republic of Poland from five large-scale surveys in years 2014-2018. The sample comprised 7,347 Poles aged 15-69. In each survey long version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used. The independence tests and non-parametric test were applied to search for statistically significant difference between the studied variables. In order to capture relationships between commuter cycling prevalence and a set of explanatory variables, a predictive model was built. The prevalence of the Polish adult population in commuting by bicycle systematically increases (in 2014 ̶ 16.3%; in 2015 ̶ 17.4%; in 2016 – 21.5%; in 2017 ̶ 19.9%; in 2018 ̶ 29.8%). The average energy expenditure of this effort is also increasing. Poles most often cycle 1-3 times a week (17.7% once a week; 23% ̶ twice a week; 18.2% ̶ 3 times a week). There are no statistical differences in this regard, neither by the number of cycling days nor by the gender. Hierarchically, the most important factor in determining whether someone does or does not commute by bike, is age. People who are the most probable to cycle are those aged 15-29 (30%), and among them, people living in villages (35%), with primary education (42.6%). In the 30-59 age group, 20.6% are active. They are usually from the countryside (24.3%), mostly women (27%). Among people aged 60 or more, 14.2% cycle. Most often they are men (17.3%). National recommendations should be developed for individual age groups. Educational and motivational programs (scope depending on age), practical classes increasing the self-confidence of bicycle traffic participants and activities improving the bicycle infrastructure (including the implementation of intermodal transport) are necessary.

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