Seizures: Management in children

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Edward Luff
Keyword(s):  
Antiepileptic Drugs ◽  
Community Setting ◽  
First Aid ◽  
School Nurses ◽  
Initial Management ◽  
Know How ◽  
Emergency Medication ◽  
And Control ◽  
Term Management

Epilepsy is a common neurological condition and one that school nurses are likely to deal with due to its prevalence in the population. It is therefore important to know how to manage a child having a seizure in the community. Having an appreciation of the long-term management with antiepileptic drugs to try to prevent and control seizures is useful. Children suffering from epilepsy may experience a seizure at any time, often without warning, so an understanding of the correct first aid measures and the use of emergency medication is key. It is also important to know when further medical help is required as well as when it may not be. This article will give a brief overview of the management of seizures in children, covering both prevention and initial management in the community setting.

Care following percutaneous coronary intervention

2018 ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
Kevin O’Gallagher ◽  
Jonathan Byrne ◽  
Philip MacCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Outpatient Setting ◽  
Know How ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Percutaneous Coronary ◽  
Term Management

This chapter covers how to take care of a patient in both the short term and the long term after a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) procedure. Post-procedural care involves monitoring the patient for any signs of complications and taking the appropriate steps to correct these in a timely manner. Certain patients, based on various criteria, are more likely to have complications than others and it is vital to know how to identify these patients. Prompt identification and treatment of complications improves outcomes. The length of hospital stay will also vary from patient to patient, and this chapter covers how to assess when a patient is stable and suitable for discharge. Longer term management in the outpatient setting after PCI is described, with guidance on the indications for repeat non-invasive testing/angiography.

Reuse of Low Specific Activity Material as Part of LLWR Design Optimisation

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Huntington ◽  
Richard Cummings ◽  
John Shevelan ◽  
Trevor Sumerling ◽  
Andrew J. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Safety Case ◽  
Evaluation Stage ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
And Control ◽  
Term Management

A final cap will be emplaced over the disposed waste as part of the closure engineering for the UK’s Low Level Waste Repository (LLWR). Additional profiling material will be required above the waste to obtain the required landform. Consideration has been given to the potential opportunity to reuse Low Specific Activity Material (LSAM, defined as up to 200 Bq g−1) imported from other sites as a component of the necessary profiling material for the final repository cap. Justification of such a strategy would ultimately require a demonstration that the solution is optimal with respect to other options for the long-term management of such materials. The proposal is currently at the initial evaluation stage and seeks to establish how LSAM reuse within the cap could be achieved within the framework of an optimised safety case for the LLWR, should such a management approach be pursued. The key considerations include the following: The LSAM must provide the same engineering function as the remainder of the profiling material. The cap design must ensure efficient leachate collection, drainage and control for Low Level Waste (LLW) (and, by extension, LSAM) during the Period of Authorisation. In the longer term the engineering design must passively direct any accumulating waters preferentially away from surface water systems. An initial design has been developed that would allow the placement of around 220,000m3 of LSAM. The potential impact of the proposal has been assessed against the current Environmental Safety Case.

scholarly journals Current Management of Hyperkalemia in Non-Dialysis CKD: Longitudinal Study of Patients Receiving Stable Nephrology Care

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 942
Author(s):  
Silvio Borrelli ◽  
Luca De Nicola ◽  
Roberto Minutolo ◽  
Giuseppe Conte ◽  
Paolo Chiodini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Serum ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Nutritional Recommendations ◽  
Nephrology Care ◽  
And Control ◽  
Low K ◽  
Term Management ◽  
New Onset

Background: No study has explored the limitations of current long-term management of hyperkalemia (HK) in outpatient CKD clinics. Methods: We evaluated the association between current therapeutic options and control of serum K (sK) during 12-month follow up in ND-CKD patients stratified in four groups by HK (sK ≥ 5.0 mEq/L) at baseline and month 12: Absent (no-no), Resolving (yes-no), New Onset (no-yes), Persistent (yes-yes). Results: We studied 562 patients (age 66.2 ± 14.5 y; 61% males; eGFR 39.8 ± 21.8 mL/min/1.73 m2, RAASI 76.2%). HK was “absent” in 50.7%, “resolving” in 15.6%, “new onset” in 16.6%, and “persistent” in 17.1%. Twenty-four hour urinary measurements testified adherence to nutritional recommendations in the four groups at either visit. We detected increased prescription from baseline to month 12 of bicarbonate supplements (from 5.0 to 14.1%, p < 0.0001), K-binders (from 2.0 to 7.7%, p < 0.0001), and non-K sparing diuretics (from 34.3 to 41.5%, p < 0.001); these changes were consistent across groups. Similar results were obtained when using higher sK level (≥5.5 mEq/L) to stratify patients. Mixed-effects regression analysis showed that higher sK over time was associated with eGFR < 60, diabetes, lower serum bicarbonate, lower use of non-K sparing diuretics, bicarbonate supplementation, and K-binder use. Treatment-by-time interaction showed that sK decreased in HK patients given bicarbonate (p = 0.003) and K-binders (p = 0.005). Conclusions: This observational study discloses that one-third of ND-CKD patients under nephrology care remain with or develop HK during a 12-month period despite low K intake and increased use of sK-lowering drugs.

The burns management pathway I: assessing and transferring patients with an acute burn injury

2019 ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Kayvan Shokrollahi ◽  
Susie Yao
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Trauma Centre ◽  
Initial Management ◽  
Intravenous Access ◽  
Handover Process ◽  
Key Steps ◽  
Burns Unit

The initial management of patients with an acute burn injury is often undertaken by individuals with relatively little experience in this area. To optimize outcomes and minimize the risk of long-term sequelae, clinicians should understand the key steps in initial management and safe transfer of these patients to a specialist burns unit. These include safely extricating patients and providing prompt first aid at scene; rapidly and accurately assessing them at the nearest emergency department or trauma centre; appropriately managing their airway and oxygenation; obtaining intravenous access and initiating fluid resuscitation; assessing burn extent and depth and considering the potential need for escharotomies; providing analgesia and appropriate tetanus prophylaxis; and covering and warming the patient while temporarily dressing their burns. Once these measures are taken, any patient with a burn injury may be discussed with a specialist burns unit for advice. If deemed necessary and accepted, they should be promptly transferred to a burns unit with an appropriate escort. Prior to transfer, a systematic re-assessment should be undertaken, and any required treatments should be continued during the transfer. Copies of all referral information and the results of initial assessments and investigations should be sent with the patient to ensure a robust handover process.

Suppressed, but Not Forgotten

2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beat Meier ◽  
Anja König ◽  
Samuel Parak ◽  
Katharina Henke
Keyword(s):  
Memory Trace ◽  
Thought Suppression ◽  
Test Phase ◽  
Indirect Test ◽  
Final Test ◽  
Test Experiment ◽  
And Control ◽  
Cue Words ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates the impact of thought suppression over a 1-week interval. In two experiments with 80 university students each, we used the think/no-think paradigm in which participants initially learn a list of word pairs (cue-target associations). Then they were presented with some of the cue words again and should either respond with the target word or avoid thinking about it. In the final test phase, their memory for the initially learned cue-target pairs was tested. In Experiment 1, type of memory test was manipulated (i.e., direct vs. indirect). In Experiment 2, type of no-think instructions was manipulated (i.e., suppress vs. substitute). Overall, our results showed poorer memory for no-think and control items compared to think items across all experiments and conditions. Critically, however, more no-think than control items were remembered after the 1-week interval in the direct, but not in the indirect test (Experiment 1) and with thought suppression, but not thought substitution instructions (Experiment 2). We suggest that during thought suppression a brief reactivation of the learned association may lead to reconsolidation of the memory trace and hence to better retrieval of suppressed than control items in the long term.

Childhood Asthma's Self-Efficacy Scale--Parental Long-Term Management

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Misa Iio ◽  
Kosuke Maeba ◽  
Takashi Shimazaki ◽  
Yukihiro Ohya ◽  
Koji Takenaka
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Term Management
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