Agro-Morphologies and Physicochemical Properties of Flower Bud, Stem and Leaf Oils in Two Clove Varieties (Syzygium aromaticum L. Merr. and Perry.) Originated from Ambon Island

Abstract: Cloves (Syzygium aromaticum) are commonly found in tropical territory. Flower bud of cloves contains cloves essential oil with its main compound is eugenol. Porphromonas gingivalis is an anaerob Gram negative bacterium which is one of the normal floras in oral cavity. However, it has the ability to cause an infection such as periodontitis. This study was aimed to determine the inhibition effect of cloves flower bud extract on Porphyromonas gingivalis growth through the diameter magnitude of the inhibition zone. The category of inhibition zone was based on Davis and Stout. This was an experimental study using Kirby-bauer modification method. Cloves flower bud samples were obtained from Senduk Tanawangko and were extracted with maseration method using etanol 96%. Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria were obtained from pure bacteria stock in the Laboratory of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine, University of Hasanuddin Makassar. The results showed that the average diameter of inhibition zone of cloves flower bud extract against Porphyromonas gingivalis was 13.01 mm. Conclusion: Cloves flower bud extract had a strong ability to inhibit Porphyromonas gingivalis growth.Keywords: cloves flower bud, Porphyromonas gingivalis, inhibition zone Abstrak: Tanaman cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum) merupakan tanaman yang banyak tumbuh di daerah beriklim tropis. Bunga cengkeh mengandung minyak atsiri (clove essential oil) dengan kandungan utama ialah eugenol. Porphyromonas gingivalis ialah bakteri anaerob Gram negatif yang merupakan salah satu bakteri flora normal dalam rongga mulut tetapi jika berlebihan dapat menyebabkan penyakit periodontitis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya hambat ekstrak bunga cengkeh terhadap Porphyromonas gingivalis yang dinilai melalui besar diameter zona hambat yang terbentuk. Kategori daya hambat berdasarkan penggolongan Davis dan Stout. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental dengan metode modifikasi Kirby-Bauer menggunakan sumuran. Sampel bunga cengkeh diambil dari Desa Senduk Tanawangko kemudian diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Bakteri Porphyromonas gingivalis diambil dari stok bakteri murni yang diperoleh dari Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Hasanudin. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan nilai rerata diameter zona hambat ekstrak bunga cengkeh terhadap bakteri Porphyromonas gingivalis sebesar 13,01 mm. Simpulan: Ekstrak bunga cengkeh memiliki daya hambat kuat berdasarkan kategori Davis dan Stout terhadap bakteri Porphyromonas gingivalis. Kata kunci: bunga cengkeh, Porphyromonas gingivalis, zona hambat

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Safety assessment of Syzygium aromaticum flower bud (clove) extract with respect to testicular function in mice

Food and Chemical Toxicology ◽

10.1016/j.fct.2008.08.006 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 46 (10) ◽

pp. 3333-3338 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Raghav Kumar Mishra ◽

Shio Kumar Singh

Keyword(s):

Safety Assessment ◽

Syzygium Aromaticum ◽

Testicular Function ◽

Flower Bud ◽

Clove Extract

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Syzygium Aromaticum (L.) Merr. Et Perry., Flower Bud, Hexane Extract 4891-54-7

Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials ◽

10.1002/0471701343.sdp48953 ◽

2012 ◽

Keyword(s):

Hexane Extract ◽

Syzygium Aromaticum ◽

Flower Bud

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Yield, Quality, and Antioxidant Activity of Clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) Bud Oil at the Different Phenological Stages in Young and Mature Trees

Scientifica ◽

10.1155/2020/9701701 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Faisal Nur Alfikri ◽

Rini Pujiarti ◽

Mochamat Gunawan Wibisono ◽

Eko Bhakti Hardiyanto

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Physicochemical Properties ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Syzygium Aromaticum ◽

Flowering Stage ◽

Mature Trees ◽

Phenological Stages ◽

Dpph Method ◽

Yield Quality

Buds and flowers of clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) are economically important essential oil sources. The purpose of this study was to assess the yield, quality, and antioxidant activity of Zanzibar clove bud oil between three phenological stages (budding-3, full-budding, and flowering) in young (3-4 years) and mature trees (45 years). Chemical compositions of the oil were analyzed using GC-MS, and the physicochemical properties were measured based on SNI 06-4267-1996. Antioxidant activity was analyzed using the DPPH method. The results showed flowering buds of young trees produced higher yield (16.73%) than that of the mature ones (14.93%). The GC-MS analysis showed that the main bioactive compound of clove oil was eugenol (68.05–82.38%), which is highest at the flowering stage in mature trees. Almost all of the clove bud oils met physicochemical properties standard required by the SNI 06-4267-1996. DPPH scavenging activity IC50 ranged 15.80–108.85 µg/mL, with the highest antioxidant activity at the flowering stage of young trees. The results indicate that clove at flowering stage produced the best essential oil ingredient, as well as the most efficient source of natural antioxidants with slight differences in quality between the young and mature trees.

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