scholarly journals OXA-48-positive carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in a farrow-to-finish pig farm: First report in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-332
Author(s):  
Phaphatsanant Phongsarmsuan ◽  
◽  
Sunpetch Angkititrakul ◽  
Suphattra Jittimanee ◽  
Patchara Phuektes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
First Report ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Resistant Phenotype ◽  
Rectal Swabs ◽  
Pig Farm ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae

Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) have emerged as an urgent threat to public health. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of CRE and the carbapenemase genes in a farrow-to-finish pig farm, and to investigate carriage proportion and maintenance of CRE during the pig production cycle. We conducted a cross-sectional study by collecting 200 rectal swabs from healthy pigs of 5 groups: gilts, sows, piglets, weaners, and fatteners. In the longitudinal study, 20 healthy pigs were followed from 2 to 26 weeks old, and rectal swabs were collected from each pig for 5 times. Samples were screened for CRE using MacConkey agar supplemented with meropenem at 0.5 µg/mL. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the recovered isolates were determined using an automated system. PCR was used to detect carbapenemase genes. The occurrence of Enterobacteriaceae isolates with the carbapenem resistant phenotype and/or harboring the blaOXA-48 gene was 3% (6/200) in the cross-sectional study. Groups of sows and piglets had the same occurrence rate at 5% (2/40), while weaner and fattener groups had 2.5% (1/40). In the longitudinal study, CRE were not detected in pigs at an early age; however, two isolates were detected at the age of finishing. This study is the first report of Enterobacteriaceae with a carbapenem resistant phenotype and/or carrying blaOXA-48 gene in pigs in Thailand. Finding CRE in pigs at all age categories including finisher in the study farm underscores the need for active monitoring and surveillance studies to determine the occurrence of CRE in pig farms in Thailand.

scholarly journals Quantification of Airborne Resistant Organisms With Temporal and Spatial Diversity in Bangladesh: Protocol for a Cross-Sectional Study

10.2196/14574 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. e14574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Asaduzzaman ◽  
Muhammed Iqbal Hossain ◽  
Sumita Rani Saha ◽  
Md Rayhanul Islam ◽  
Niyaz Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Air Samples ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae

Background Antimicrobial resistance is a widespread, alarming issue in global health and a significant contributor to human death and illness, especially in low and middle-income countries like Bangladesh. Despite extensive work conducted in environmental settings, there is a scarcity of knowledge about the presence of resistant organisms in the air. Objective The objective of this protocol is to quantify and characterize the airborne resistomes in Bangladesh, which will be a guide to identify high-risk environments for multidrug-resistant pathogens with their spatiotemporal diversity. Methods This is a cross-sectional study with an environmental, systematic, and grid sampling strategy focused on collecting air samples from different outdoor environments during the dry and wet seasons. The four environmental compartments are the frequent human exposure sites in both urban and rural settings: urban residential areas (n=20), live bird markets (n=20), rural households (n=20), and poultry farms (n=20). We obtained air samples from 80 locations in two seasons by using an active microbial air sampler. From each location, five air samples were collected in different media to yield the total bacterial count of 3rd generation cephalosporin (3GC) resistant Enterobacteriaceae, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, vancomycin-resistant Enterococci and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Results The study started in January 2018, and the collection of air samples was completed in November 2018. We have received 800 air samples from 80 study locations in both dry and wet seasons. Currently, the laboratory analysis is ongoing, and we expect to receive the preliminary results by October 2019. We will publish the complete result as soon as we clean and analyze the data and draft the manuscript. Conclusions The existence of resistant bacteria in the air like those producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, vancomycin-resistant Enterococci, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus will justify our hypothesis that the outdoor environment (air) in Bangladesh acts as a reservoir for bacteria that carry genes conferring resistance to antibiotics. To our knowledge, this is the first study to explore the presence of superbugs in the air in commonly exposed areas in Bangladesh. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/14574

Fine or Gross Motor Index as a Simple Tool for Predicting Cognitive Impairment in Elderly People: Findings from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Xiao Liu ◽  
Ayiguli Abudukeremu ◽  
Yuan Jiang ◽  
Zhengyu Cao ◽  
Maoxiong Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Simple Tool

Background: Several kinds of motor dysfunction can predict future cognitive impairment in elderly individuals. However, the ability of the fine motor index (FINEA) and gross motor index (GROSSA) to predict the risk of cognitive impairment has not been assessed. Objective: We investigated the associations between FINEA/GROSSA and cognitive impairment. Methods: The data of 4,745 participants from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA) were analyzed. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). We first assessed the correlation between the FINEA GROSSA and MMSE in a cross-sectional study. Then, we further investigated the predictive role of the incidence of cognitive impairment in a prospective cohort study. Results: We found that both FINEA and GROSSA were negatively correlated with MMSE in both the unadjusted (FINEA: B = –1.00, 95%confidence intervals (CI): –1.17, –0.83, t = –11.53, p <  0.001; GROSSA: B = –0.85, 95%CI: –0.94, –0.76, t = –18.29, p <  0.001) and adjusted (FINEA: B = –0.63, 95%CI: –0.79, –0.47, t = –7.77, p <  0.001; GROSSA: B = –0.57, 95%CI: –0.66, –0.48, t = –12.61, p <  0.001) analyses in a cross-sectional study. In a prospective cohort study, both high FINEA and high GROSSA were associated with an increased incidence of cognitive function impairment (FINEA: adjusted odds ratios (OR) = 2.35, 95%CI: 1.05, 5.23, p = 0.036; GROSSA adjusted OR = 3.00, 95%CI: 1.49, 6.03, p = 0.002) after 2 years of follow-up. Conclusion: Higher FINEA and GROSSA scores were both associated with an increased incidence of cognitive impairment. FINEA or GROSSA might be a simple tool for identifying patients with cognitive impairment.

scholarly journals Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria isolated from poultry samples: a cross-sectional study

The Lancet ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 393 ◽  
pp. S21
Author(s):  
Abdelraouf A Elmanama ◽  
Mariam R Al-Reefi ◽  
Madleen A Shamali ◽  
Haya I Hemaid
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant

scholarly journals COVID-19 Outbreak Enhances Making Meaning in Negative Experiences: Evidence from China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziyan Yang ◽  
L J Ji ◽  
Ying Yang ◽  
Xiaoou Wang ◽  
Mingyang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
Making Meaning ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Chinese College Students ◽  
Perception Of Threat

The present research investigated whether the outbreak of COVID-19 would increase Chinese participants’ tendency of seeing meaning in negative experiences (MINE). A longitudinal study (Study 1, N = 2535) showed that Chinese college students reported higher tendency of MINE during the outbreak of COVID-19 than three months before the outbreak. A cross-sectional study (Study 2) investigated a large student sample (N = 16096) and a large non-student sample (N = 11446) during the outbreak of COVID-19 in China and consistently showed that participants who were encountering high disease threat reported stronger perceived threat as well as greater tendency of MINE than those who were encountering low disease theat. Furthermore, the heightened perception of threat accounted for the heightened tendency of MINE. These results suggest that the COVID-19 outbreak makes Chinese more likely to see meaning in negative experiences, which may provide benefits for coping.

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