A Dark Inheritance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brooke N. Newman
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Slave System ◽  
National Belonging ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Racial Ideologies ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
Marginalized Groups ◽  
The Relationship

Focusing on Jamaica, Britain’s most valuable colony in the Americas by the mid-eighteenth century, A Dark Inheritance explores the relationship between racial classifications and the inherited rights and privileges associated with British subject status. Brooke Newman reveals the centrality of notions of blood and blood mixture to evolving racial definitions and sexual practices in colonial Jamaica and to legal and political debates over slavery and the rights of imperial subjects on both sides of the Atlantic. Weaving together a diverse range of sources, Newman shows how colonial racial ideologies rooted in fictions of blood ancestry at once justified permanent, hereditary slavery for Africans and barred members of certain marginalized groups from laying claim to British liberties on the basis of hereditary status. This groundbreaking study demonstrates that challenges to an Atlantic slave system underpinned by distinctions of blood had far-reaching consequences for British understandings of race, gender, and national belonging.

Novel and Empire

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markman Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Sentimental Novel ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Slave System ◽  
Creative Potential ◽  
Folk Beliefs ◽  
Oriental Tale ◽  
The Relationship

This essay examines novel’s relation with empire through the relationship between the form of the novel and the ideology of empire. It analyses the themes of colony and cross-cultural global encounters in popular prose subgenres of the eighteenth century, including the robinsonade, imitations of Crusoe’s island adventures, and the oriental tale, free imitations of the Islamic story collection. Although contemporary discourse on the British Empire argued that it was founded on ideas of liberty, commerce, and Christianity, the problem of slavery presented a powerful contradiction and growing controversy. Depictions of slavery in the sentimental novel advertised the asymmetrical violence endemic to the slave system, contributing to the emerging campaign for the abolition of the slave trade and, eventually, the emancipation of the slaves. Nonetheless, Gothic fictions found creative potential in the terrors of slavery and in folk beliefs derived from slave society, such as obeah and the zombie.

The Gallic Singularity and the Royal Mistress

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-66
Author(s):  
Christine Adams
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Political Power ◽  
The Political ◽  
Marie Antoinette ◽  
Louis Xvi ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Political Realm

The relationship of the French king and royal mistress, complementary but unequal, embodied the Gallic singularity; the royal mistress exercised a civilizing manner and the soft power of women on the king’s behalf. However, both her contemporaries and nineteenth- and early twentieth-century historians were uncomfortable with the mistress’s political power. Furthermore, paradoxical attitudes about French womanhood have led to analyses of her role that are often contradictory. Royal mistresses have simultaneously been celebrated for their civilizing effect in the realm of culture, chided for their frivolous expenditures on clothing and jewelry, and excoriated for their dangerous meddling in politics. Their increasing visibility in the political realm by the eighteenth century led many to blame Louis XV’s mistresses—along with Queen Marie-Antoinette, who exercised a similar influence over her husband, Louis XVI—for the degradation and eventual fall of the monarchy. This article reexamines the historiography of the royal mistress.

Theologies of Guadalupe

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Matovina
Keyword(s):  
New Spain ◽  
Dynamic Interaction ◽  
Roman Catholicism ◽  
Our Lady Of Guadalupe ◽  
Sacred Landscape ◽  
Mexican History ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Marginalized Groups ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
International Phenomenon

Our Lady of Guadalupe is the only Marian apparition tradition in the Americas—and indeed in all of Roman Catholicism—that inspired a sustained series of published theological analyses. Theologians in each successive epoch since the mid-seventeenth century have plumbed the meaning of Guadalupe for their times. Their theological works are grounded in two realities: the first is the relationship between Guadalupe and her faithful, and the second is her power to shape their lives and their world. Theologies of Guadalupe examines the way theologians have understood Guadalupe and sought to orient her impact in the lives of her devotees. It also examines Guadalupe’s meaning in everyday devotees’ lives and the spread of Guadalupan devotion over nearly half a millennium. Chapters of this study successively examine core theological topics in the Guadalupe tradition developed in response to major events of Mexican history: conquest, attempts to Christianize native peoples, society building, independence, and the demands for justice of marginalized groups. The successive chapters also narrate how, amid the plentiful miraculous images of Christ, Mary, and the saints that dotted the sacred landscape of colonial New Spain, the Guadalupe cult rose above all others and emerged from a local devotion to become a regional, national, and then international phenomenon. From patristic-based theological writings in the colonial era down to contemporary formulations shaped by the emergence of liberation theologies in Latin America, the theologies under study here reveal how Christian concepts and scriptures imported from Europe developed in dynamic interaction with the new contexts in which they took root.

The Oxford History of Protestant Dissenting Traditions, Volume II

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Church And State ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Protestant Christianity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Degree Of Acceptance ◽  
Missionary Societies ◽  
Long Eighteenth Century ◽  
British State ◽  
The Relationship

This volume charts the development of protestant Dissent between the passing of the Toleration Act (1689) and the repealing of the Test and Corporation Acts (1828). The long eighteenth century was a period in which Dissenters slowly moved from a position of being a persecuted minority to achieving a degree of acceptance and, eventually, full political rights. The first part of the volume considers the history of various Dissenting traditions inside England. There are separate chapters devoted to Presbyterians, Congregationalists, Baptists, and Quakers—the denominations that traced their history before this period—and also to Methodists, who emerged as one of the denominations of ‘New Dissent’ during the eighteenth century. The second part explores the ways in which these traditions developed outside England. It considers the complexities of being a Dissenter in Wales and Ireland, where the state church was Episcopalian, as well as in Scotland, where it was Presbyterian. It also looks at the development of Dissent across the Atlantic, where the relationship between Church and state was rather more loose. The third part is devoted to revivalist movements and their impact, with a particular emphasis on the importance of missionary societies for spreading protestant Christianity from the late eighteenth century onwards. The fourth part looks at Dissenters’ relationship to the British state and their involvement in campaigns to abolish the slave trade. The final part discusses how Dissenters lived: the theology they developed and their attitudes towards Scripture; the importance of both sermons and singing; their involvement in education and print culture; and the ways in which they expressed their faith materially through their buildings.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Preyer
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

The study of meaning in language embraces a diverse range of problems and methods. Philosophers think through the relationship between language and the world; linguists document speakers’ knowledge of meaning; psychologists investigate the mechanisms of understanding and production. Up through the early 2000s, these investigations were generally compartmentalized: indeed, researchers often regarded both the subject matter and the methods of other disciplines with skepticism. Since then, however, there has been a sea change in the field, enabling researchers increasingly to synthesize the perspectives of philosophy, linguistics, and psychology and to energize all the fields with rich new intellectual perspectives that facilitate meaningful interchange. One illustration of the trend is the publication of Lepore and Stone’s ...

Novel Pharmacotherapeutics for Stress-Related Disorders

2019 ◽  
pp. 642-672
Author(s):  
Jamie E. Mondello ◽  
Jenny E. Pak ◽  
Dennis F. Lovelock ◽  
Terrence Deak
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Efficacy Trials ◽  
Participant Selection ◽  
The Relationship

Most mental health problems associated with psychological distress originate with activation of centrally regulated stress pathways, yet a diverse range of central nervous system and somatic disease states can be influenced by exposure to severe or unrelenting stress. The goal of this chapter is to provide a conceptual framework to guide the development of pharmacological intervention strategies. We propose that careful consideration of the relationship between the timing of stressful life experiences, pharmacological intervention, and the ultimate expression of disease symptomatology is critical for the development of pharmacological interventions to treat stress-related disorders. We review a range of physiological systems that are known to be activated by stress, offering potentially new targets for drug development efforts, and argue that participant selection is a key predictor of drug efficacy trials. In doing so, we point toward inflammatory signaling pathways as a potential final common mediator of multiple stress-related disease states.

Palestinian Refugees between the City and the Camp

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-621
Author(s):  
Faedah M. Totah
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
National Belonging ◽  
Palestinian Refugees ◽  
Social Distinction ◽  
Urban Refugees ◽  
Old City ◽  
Refugee Experience ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

AbstractThe camp and the city are both important for understanding the relationship between space and identity in the refugee experience of exile. In the Palestinian example, the camp has emerged as a potent symbol in the narrative of exile although only a third of refugees registered with UNRWA live in camps. Moreover, the city and urban refugees remain missing in most of the scholarship on the Palestinian experience with space, exile, and identity. Furthermore, there is little attention to how refugees understand the concept of the city and camp in their daily life. This article examines how Palestinian urban refugees in the Old City of Damascus conceptualized the relationship between the camp and the city. It illustrates how the concept of the camp remained necessary for the construction of their collective national identity while in Syria. However, the city was essential in the articulation of individual desires and establishing social distinction from other refugees. Thus, during a protracted exile it is in the interstice between the city and the camp, where most urban refugees in the Old City situated themselves, that informed their national belonging and personal aspirations.

“Quelques misérables places à remplir”Locating Shaped Painting in Eighteenth-Century France

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 544-571
Author(s):  
David Pullins
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Decorative Arts ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This article addresses in depth for the first time the irregularly shaped canvases known as tableaux chantournés (cut-out paintings) that were produced in vast numbers by leading academicians between the 1730s and 1750s and occupy a tenuous place between fine and applied or decorative arts. Through an examination of the term’s first uses in regard to painting and eighteenth-century critics’ responses to these works, tableaux chantournés are positioned as a means of rethinking the extraction of painting from a richer visual field and the relationship of this medium-specific agenda to the historiography of the rococo.

scholarly journals Sex Dolls in the Swedish Media Discourse: Intimacy, Sexuality, and Technology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Björkas ◽  
Mariah Larsson
Keyword(s):  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Media Discourse ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Uses ◽  
Broad Variety ◽  
The Media ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractSex dolls are a complex phenomenon with several diverse possible emotional, sexual and therapeutic uses. They can be part of a broad variety of sexual practices, and also function as a sexual aid. However, the media discourse on sex dolls first and foremost concerns how we perceive the relationship between intimacy and technology. A critical discourse analysis of the Swedish media discourse on sex dolls reveals six themes which dominate the discourse: (a) the definition of what a human being is; (b) a discourse on the (technological and existential) future; (c) a social effort; (d) a loveless phenomenon; (e) men’s violence against women; and (f) pedophilia. Accordingly, this discourse is very conservative and normative in its view of sexuality, technology, and humanity. Overall, the dominant themes do not provide any space for positive effects of technology on human sexuality, and if they do, it is usually as a substitute for something else.

scholarly journals The Rejection of Constitutional Incrementalism in Nepal's Federalisation

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-540
Author(s):  
Mara Malagodi
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Collective Identity ◽  
Constitutional Amendment ◽  
Divided Societies ◽  
Contentious Issue ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Institutional Choices ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Constitution Making

The relationship between federalism and identity was the single most contentious issue in the drafting of Nepal's 2015 Constitution, and remains an embattled feature of the country's post-conflict constitutional settlement. This article explains why ‘constitutional incrementalism'—the innovative constitution-making strategy for deeply divided societies theorised by Hanna Lerner—was ultimately (and wisely) rejected in Nepal's federalisation process. Historically a unitary state since its creation in the late eighteenth century, Nepal committed itself to federal restructuring in 2007, but profound disagreements endured over the set of institutional choices concerning the features of Nepal's federal arrangements throughout the constitution-making process (2008–15). Constitutional incrementalism with its emphasis on deferral, ambiguity and contradiction was thought of in some quarters as a pragmatic and instrumental way out of Nepal's political impasse. In the end, the 2015 Constitution expressly named the provinces (even if by just using numbers) and demarcated their boundaries already at the time of its promulgation. Any changes to this framework can only take place by way of constitutional amendment. This article explains why the incrementalist approach was rejected in Nepal's federalisation process, and reflects on the conditions under which constitutional incrementalism may succeed in societies that present profound disagreements over the collective identity of the polity.

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