Boxing Pandora

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy William Waters
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
International Order ◽  
World War ◽  
The Real ◽  
Post World War Ii ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
New States ◽  
Real Danger ◽  
National Borders

The inviolability of national borders is an unquestioned pillar of the post-World War II international order. Fixed borders are believed to encourage stability, promote pluralism, and discourage nationalism and intolerance. But do they? What if fixed borders create more problems than they solve, and what if permitting borders to change would create more stability and produce more just societies? This book examines this possibility, showing how we arrived at a system of rigidly bordered states and how the real danger to peace is not the desire of people to form new states but the capacity of existing states to resist that desire, even with violence. The book proposes a practical, democratically legitimate alternative: a right of secession. With crises ongoing in the United Kingdom, Spain, Ukraine, Iraq, Syria, Sudan, and many other regions, this reassessment of the foundations of our international order is more relevant than ever.

ROBERT BEDFORD (1874–1951), THE KYANCUTTA MUSEUM, AND A UNIQUE CONTRIBUTION TO INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGY

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 416-443
Author(s):  
BARRY J. COOPER ◽  
JAMES B. JAGO
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
South Australia ◽  
British Museum ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
World War ◽  
History Museum ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Flinders Ranges

Robert Bedford (1874–1951), based in the isolated community of Kyancutta in South Australia, was a unique contributor to world geology, specifically in the field of meteorites and fossil archaeocyatha. Born Robert Arthur Buddicom in Shropshire, UK, he was an Oxford graduate who worked as a scientist in Freiberg, Naples, Birmingham and Shrewsbury as well as with the Natural History Museum, Kensington and the Plymouth Museum in the United Kingdom. He was a Fellow of the Geological Society of London, 1899–1910. In 1915, Buddicom changed his surname to Bedford and relocated to South Australia. During the 1920s, Bedford expanded his geological interests with the establishment of a public museum in Kyancutta in 1929. This included material previously collected and stored in the United Kingdom before being sent to Australia. Bedford was very successful in collecting material from the distant Henbury meteorite craters in Australia's Northern Territory, during three separate trips in 1931–1933. He became an authority on meteorites with much Henbury material being sent to the British Museum in London. However, Bedford's work on, and collecting of, meteorites resulted in a serious rift with the South Australian scientific establishment. Bedford is best known amongst geologists for his five taxonomic papers on the superbly preserved lower Cambrian archaeocyath fossils from the Ajax Mine near Beltana in South Australia's Flinders Ranges with field work commencing in about 1932 and extending until World War II. This research, describing thirty new genera and ninety-nine new species, was published in the Memoirs of the Kyancutta Museum, a journal that Bedford personally established and financed in 1934. These papers are regularly referenced today in international research dealing with archaeocyaths.

British By-elections, 1950

1951 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 474-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Scammon
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
General Election ◽  
The Other ◽  
House Of Commons ◽  
World War ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
To Come

Since the hard-fought general election of February 23, 1950, the narrow margin of Labor's control of the British House of Commons has been tested at the polls on ten occasions. This number of by-elections to fill vacancies in the membership of the House is a normal post-World War II figure (the previous House saw fifty-two replacements in its four and one-half years of life), although it is somewhat under that of prewar averages. In terms of locale, however, these ten by-elections were atypical. Though the overall distribution within the various parts of the United Kingdom was not unrepresentative (six in England, one in Wales, actually Monmouthshire, two in Scotland, and one in Northern Ireland), all vacancies chanced to come in urban areas. Eight of the contests involved borough seats and the other two (West Dunbartonshire and Abertillery, Monmouthshire) were primarily urban in character.

The Evolution of Australia's Defence Policy in relation to Malaysia-Singapore, 1964–1971

1972 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek McDougall
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
World War ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Military Presence ◽  
East Malaysia ◽  
Defence Policy ◽  
New Situation ◽  
Naval Force

Australia's defence commitment in Malaysia-Singapore is of long standing. In the 1920's and 1930's non-Labour governments in particular had seen the Singapore base as the linchpin of Australian security. Despite Singapore's failure to play this role during World War II, the Malaysian area continued to play an important role in Australian defence thinking in the post-1945 period. Australia began participating in the ANZAM arrangement in 1949, and subsequently committed forces in the campaign against the Malayan Communists. As early as May 1950 the Menzies Government decided to send a squadron of Dakota aircraft to Malaya. In April 1955 this commitment was considerably enlarged to include an infantry battalion, a fighter wing of two squadrons and a bomber wing of one squadron, as well as a permanent naval force of either two destroyers or two frigates. This commitment has provided the basis of the Australian military presence in the area ever since Australia “associated” herself with the Anglo-Malayan Defence Agreement in 1959, and the extension of this agreement to Malaysia in 1963. Australia adopted a cautious policy during the period of confrontation and, for fear of antagonising Indonesia unduly, did not finally make combat forces available for service in East Malaysia until February 1965. This article is concerned primarily with developments which have affected the Australian defence presence in Malaysia-Singapore since the Wilson Government took office in the United Kingdom in October 1964. It examines the Australian reaction to the march of events in Britaín which culminated in the decision to withdraw British forces from Malaysia-Singapore by the end of 1971, and the attempt by Australia to redefine her role in the light of the new situation.

Epilogue: January 6, 2021

Disruption ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 275-286
Author(s):  
David Potter
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
World War ◽  
Liberal Democracies ◽  
Systemic Racism ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Racist Ideology

Friday 13, 2019 was the day of the election of Boris Johnson as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and the impeachment of Donald Trump. What has happened to liberal democracy that the leaders of two of the most powerful liberal democracies have, as their leaders, people who are fundamentally opposed to the traditions of the post-World War II order, and use the same overtly racist ideology to frame their approach to government? The rise of the ideology of disruption and surveillance capitalism are connected with economic dislocation that destroys faith in the traditional governing order not only in the United States and United Kingdom, but elsewhere in the European Union. There is discussion of systemic racism, and systemic impoverishment. The question that remains is whether we are facing genuine disruption, or if there are solutions that can restore faith in existing institutions while alleviating the misery that lies at the heart of the widespread loss of faith in institutions

European defence policy between dependence and autonomy: A challenge of Sisyphean dimensions

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolyon Howorth
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
European Integration ◽  
21St Century ◽  
World War ◽  
Member States ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Defence Policy ◽  
National Defence ◽  
Critical Moments

There have been two critical moments in Europe’s tortuous attempts to generate a viable, collective, relatively autonomous, trans-national defence project: the first decade after World War II, and the early decades of the 21st century. In both cases, the main features of the project were similar and in both cases there was an implicit or even explicit symbiosis between European integration and defence integration. In both cases, the same underlying weaknesses in the project stymied progress. These involved disagreements between France and the United Kingdom over the nature of the project itself; American ambivalence; differences among the European member states over how to handle relations with Russia; and unresolved tensions between the European entity and its member states. In the earlier case, these challenges proved fatal to the project. In the later case, they risk nudging it towards irrelevance.

Pensions: The problems of today and tomorrow. A summary of the Report published by the Institute of Actuaries and of the discussion at Staple Inn on 11 June 1985

1985 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-419
Author(s):  
S. Haberman
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Francis Bacon ◽  
Occupational Pension ◽  
World War ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Pension Schemes

From the very outset of the formation of pensions schemes in the United Kingdom, actuaries have been involved in their design, investment, valuation and solvency. A review of issues of the Journal of the Institute of Actuaries in England and the Transactions of the Faculty of Actuaries in Scotland over the last 40 years would show how schemes have become more complicated and more comprehensive, how the economic and equity problems have increased and how the actuarial profession has successfully adapted its theory and practice to accommodate change. After World War II the rapid growth in occupational pension schemes together with the post-Beveridge expansion in State social security led to concerns about the overall effect on the national economy. As a consequence, in 1954 a report on “The growth of pension rights and their impact on the national economy” was presented to both the Institute and the Faculty of Actuaries by Bernard Benjamin, Francis Bacon and Donald Elphinstone.

Art Loans and Immunity from Seizure in the United States and the United Kingdom

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence M. Kaye
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Good Faith ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
World War ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The U.S

AbstractSome countries' laws favoring good-faith purchasers over the victims of theft make it difficult to recover stolen artworks. Nonetheless, the loan of such artworks for exhibition abroad may create opportunities to utilize the host country's legal system for recovery. This article examines representative cases illustrating legal options available to plaintiffs in the United States and the United Kingdom. In the United States, laws at the federal and state level may prevent the seizure of artworks loaned for temporary exhibition, but recent cases show that immunity is not absolute and that such artworks may be subject to suit in the United States. The United Kingdom recently enacted a similar law. That law, however, has been criticized, and future interpretations by U.K. courts will be needed before its true affect can be seen. The article also discusses the backgrounds against which the U.S. and U.K. laws were enacted, illustrating the link between the laws and Russian concerns about protecting cultural artifacts that were nationalized after the Russian Revolution or taken by Soviet troops during World War II.

scholarly journals Grooved Pipe Joints on Shipboard Applications

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Dole
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
World War ◽  
Pipe Length ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Pipe Joints ◽  
The Uk

Grooved piping has been used on shipboard applications since the early 1920’s, first in the United Kingdom than many other parts of the world. It gained rapid acceptance in the UK for its many advantages over flange connections. In the US it was used on many Merchant and Naval vessels constructed during World War II, partly for its speed of installation, but also for its less fussy tolerance requirements with regard to pipe length and joint alignment. It has since grown to become used worldwide in many types of vessels. This paper enumerates grooved pipe joints advantages and its technical underpinnings. Paper published with permission.

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