Making Art in the Third Critique

2020 ◽  
pp. 145-171
Author(s):  
Abigail Zitin
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Free Play ◽  
Aesthetic Judgment ◽  
Aesthetic Theory ◽  
Artistic Practice ◽  
The Third ◽  
Special Case ◽  
Perceptual Capacity ◽  
Making Art

This chapter inquires into the fate of artistic practice in the text responsible for making form central to the theorization of aesthetics: Immanuel Kant’s Critique of the Power of Judgment. When Kant turns his attention to art, it appears as a special case, not fully within the purview of his theory of aesthetic judgment. How might Hogarth’s practitioner-centered aesthetic theory, in The Analysis of Beauty, inform an interpretation of Kant’s Third Critique? Kant, like Hogarth before him, connects the pleasure in aesthetic judgment with the cognitive activity of formal abstraction. Thinking like an artist means exercising the perceptual capacity for formal abstraction. In Kant’s theory as well as Hogarth’s, the artist can be understood as she who models free play as a practice that can be cultivated by means of this perceptual exercise.

scholarly journals The Steady Profile of an Axisymmetric Ice Sheet

1981 ◽  
Vol 27 (95) ◽  
pp. 25-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. R. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Viscous Incompressible Fluid ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Plane Flow ◽  
The Third ◽  
Basal Sliding ◽  
Steady Plane ◽  
Third Dimension ◽  
Special Case

AbstractSteady plane flow under gravity of an axisymmetric ice sheet resting on a horizontal rigid bed, subject to surface accumulation and ablation, basal drainage, and basal sliding is treated according to a power law between shear traction and velocity. The surface accumulation is taken to depend on height, and the drainage and sliding coefficient also depend on the height of overlying ice. The ice is described as a general non-linearly viscous incompressible fluid, and temperature variation through the ice sheet is neglected. Illustrations are presented for Glen’s power law (including the special case of a Newtonian fluid), and the polynomial law of Colbeck and Evans. The analysis follows that of Morland and Johnson (1980) where the analogous problem for an ice sheet deforming under plane flow was considered. Comparisons are made between the two models and it is found that the effect of the third dimension is to reduce (or leave unchanged) the aspect ratio for the cases considered, although no general formula can be obtained. This reduction is seen to depend on both the surface accumulation and the sliding law.

scholarly journals VAGUENESS AND PRAXEOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF OPTIMIZATION OF FIRE-RESCUE MACHINERY EXPLOITATION CHARACTERISTICS

Fire Safety ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 10-37
Author(s):  
P. Hashchuk
Keyword(s):  
Parametric Optimization ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
The Third ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Ideal System ◽  
General Aspects ◽  
New Criteria ◽  
System Characteristics

The technology of improvement and parametric optimization of fire-rescue machinery has been researched based on the most general principles. Means and possible capacities of physics, legal proceedings, evolution and engineering are paralelly considered in terms of the methodology of indefiniteness problem solutions. It should be highlighted that the improvement of systems or machinery is a permanent decision making process, i.e. the process that has its start but has no end. It means that it is impossible for absolutely ideal system or machine to appear. The improvement of machinery rests upon teleology, but in fact it resembles evolution where there is no space for the categories of mind, design, perfection. Thus the optimization activity must rest on both teleological and evolutionary principles. The aim of this paper is to define the principles that allow to stream the process of parametric optimization of the system/machine (in particular in the field of fire-rescue machinery) into the praxeological direction simultaneously relying on teleology and evolutionary as well as rationally relate and connect meaningful, algorithmical and general criteria defining means into a single system. The tasks to be solved include the following: first of all to define the types of insurmountable uncertainties, to evaluate the sense of optimization process concerning the system or machinery drawing a parallel with the natural selection, critically delineate the most general aspects of methodology of parametric or any other optimization of the system/machinery according to the criteria of random content, to determine what level of optimization situation preciseness should be dealt with theoretically and practically. The problem of improving the system of rescue machine and some of its operational characteristics in general is so difficult that we cannot solve it without methodological and cognitive specialization. The conducted research represents the development of the scenario of coordinating three different groups, two of which carry out the optimization activity according to their specialization whereas the third one is responsible for assessment and introduction of optimal propositions. It has been demonstrated that the optimal propositions can turn out to be incompatible which resulted in the necessity to reasonably correlate all concepts and aspects of optimality and excellence. It has been also clarified the following: The identification of system characteristics that are subjected to optimization is always approximate, the indicator (criterion) is always subjectively vague, the instruments to find perfection are not impeccable. It means that the progression to the perfection should be made discreetly, critically analysing the results obtained and every time following the new criteria. It is not obligatory to endeavour for ideal solution. It is necessary to avoid blunders and implement only the most favourable decisions, since the achieved results can be evaluated only after the fact. Mistakes and losses should be negligible but numerous to benefit from them. The application of complex and perfect methods of optimization to a wrong formalized object such as a fire-rescue machine is a vain cognitive activity. It is time and resources consuming, effortless, senseless and often leads to loss of prestige. A certain result of scientific research is inconsiderable as such. Really valuable is the algorithm and technology of its achieving, theoretical/cognitive meaningfulness of its essence.

scholarly journals Loglinear Model Formation using Hierachial Backward Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
Siti Fatimah Sihotang ◽  
Zuhri
Keyword(s):  
Linear Model ◽  
Good Method ◽  
General Linear Model ◽  
Loglinear Model ◽  
Complete Model ◽  
The Third ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
Model Formation ◽  
Special Case ◽  
Categorical Scale

The loglinear model is a special case of a general linear model for poissondistributed data. The loglinear model is also a number of models in statistics that are used todetermine dependencies between several variables on a categorical scale. The number ofvariables discussed in this study were three variables. After the variables are investigated,the formation of the loglinear model becomes important because not all the modelinteraction factors that exist in the complete model become significant in the resultingmodel. The formation of the loglinear model in this study uses the Backward Hierarchicalmethod. This research makes loglinear modeling to get the model using the HierarchicalBackward method to choose a good method in making models with existing examples.From the challenging examples that have been done, it is known that the HierarchicalReverse method can model the third iteration or scroll. Then, also use better assessmentmethods about faster workmanship and computer-sponsored assessments that are used moreefficiently through compatibility testing for each model made

Exact third-order structure functions for two-dimensional turbulence

2018 ◽  
Vol 851 ◽  
pp. 672-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Han Xie ◽  
Oliver Bühler
Keyword(s):  
Structure Functions ◽  
Spectral Energy ◽  
Order Structure ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Transfer Rates ◽  
The Third ◽  
Random Forcing ◽  
Asymptotic Expressions ◽  
Special Case

We derive and investigate exact expressions for third-order structure functions in stationary isotropic two-dimensional turbulence, assuming a statistical balance between random forcing and dissipation both at small and large scales. Our results extend previously derived asymptotic expressions in the enstrophy and energy inertial ranges by providing uniformly valid expressions that apply across the entire non-dissipative range, which, importantly, includes the forcing scales. In the special case of white noise in time forcing this leads to explicit predictions for the third-order structure functions, which are successfully tested against previously published high-resolution numerical simulations. We also consider spectral energy transfer rates and suggest and test a simple robust diagnostic formula that is useful when forcing is applied at more than one scale.

“Malerische Dichtungen”: Two Landscape Paintings of 1916 by Ernst Ludwig Kirchner

2021 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-407
Author(s):  
Sherwin Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Artistic Expression ◽  
Aesthetic Theory ◽  
Artistic Practice ◽  
Van Gogh

Abstract During 1916 Ernst Ludwig Kirchner created a group of landscape paintings, based on his experiences at the Kohnstamm Sanatorium in Königstein, which were more symbolic in character than his previous landscapes. This essay shows that contact with Carl and Thea Sternheim, who encouraged a reengagement with Vincent van Gogh’s paintings and letters, played a role in this change. Kirchner’s recognition of how Van Gogh could express an affect through his painting was reinforced by Dr. Kohnstamm’s writings about empathy’s role in artistic expression. Artistic practice and aesthetic theory were joined in representations of Jena done during Fall 1916 in which Kirchner transformed the landscape through formal means into symbols of his emotional relationship to that space.

scholarly journals Corrigendum

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-383
Author(s):  
P. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Important Work ◽  
The Third ◽  
Special Case

My attention has been called to the fact that Theorem E1, quoted on p. 445 of my paper “On the embedding of a group in a join of given groups’, J. Austral. Math. Soc. 17 (1974), 434–495, is practically identical with Théoréme I (p. 47) of the second part of the three-part paper “Produit complet des groupes de permutations et probléme d'extension des groupes” by M. Krasner and L. Kaloujnine, Acta Sci. Math. Szeged 14 (1951), 39–66. My oversight in referring only to the third part of this important work, which contains the special case often quoted as the Kaloujnine-Krasner Theorem, is regrettable: it is the much more general and definitive Théoréme I which should be equally or better known by that name.

How Does an Aesthetic Object Happen? Emergence, Disappearance, Multiplicity

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varvara Kobyshcha
Keyword(s):  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Land Art ◽  
Aesthetic Theory ◽  
Gestalt Theory ◽  
Aesthetic Object ◽  
The Third ◽  
Plastic Arts ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Social Phenomenology

In studying visual and plastic arts, social researchers tend to assume that an aesthetic object is pre-given to a viewer who does not participate in the process of the object’s becoming. They problematise the aesthetic status of an artwork, but not its objectness. This article shows that audience perception, considered as interaction and situated practice, does not merely define the meanings and emotions attached to a certain object, but plays a constitutive role in the object’s physical state and its very existence as an object, i.e. as an integrated unity extracted from its surroundings and affording a direct, intensive encounter. Synthesising the conceptual resources of Hennion’s pragmatics of taste, Simmel’s aesthetic theory, gestalt theory, and social phenomenology, I explain various ways an object in the situation of perception happens and achieves a certain mode of existence or fails to happen and disappears. The article is based on three empirical examples derived from the ethnographic study of the open-air land art/architectural festival ‘Archstoyanie’. The first case illustrates how an object is extracted from the environment and the festival’s infrastructure; the second, how the visitors destroy the incomplete boundaries of an object so that it dissolves into the surroundings; and the third, how an object maintains its integrity despite its inner complexity and multiple centres that attract the visitor’s attention.

scholarly journals Remarks on Giovanni Sartor's Paper, The Logic of Proportionality: Reasoning with Non-Numerical Magnitudes

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1457-1461
Author(s):  
Wojciech Załuski
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Strict Sense ◽  
Teleological Reasoning ◽  
The Third ◽  
Numerical Magnitudes ◽  
Goal Adoption ◽  
Constituent Elements ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Special Case

In his brilliant paper The Logic of Proportionality: Reasoning with Non-Numerical Magnitudes, Professor Sartor provides a multi-layered analysis of proportionality based on a model of teleological reasoning governed by value-norms, arguing that this kind of reasoning is quantitative but non-numerical, i.e., operates on magnitudes to which no symbolic numerals are assigned. The analysis pursued by Professor Sartor can be divided into three parts. In the first part, drawing on the theory of bounded rationality, Professor Sartor develops a model of teleological reasoning (of which proportionality reasoning is a special case) distinguishing its four stages: Value-adoption, goal-adoption, plan-adoption, and action-adoption. In the second part, he introduces and develops in great and illuminating detail a distinction between value-norms and action-norms. In the third—main—part, Professor Sartor makes the basic claim of his paper that proportionality reasoning (i.e., reasoning aimed at establishing whether a given legislative norm interfering with some constitutionally protected right is “proportional”), involving the assessment of the impact of choices upon relevant values, is quantitative but not based on numerical magnitudes, and develops a conceptual framework for reconstructing this reasoning and explicating its constituent elements (suitability, necessity, and balancing in the strict sense). Each of these parts abounds with valuable analyses and precious insights and would deserve a separate commentary, yet I shall confine myself mainly to the analysis of the third part, in which he develops his basic claim. I shall focus in the first place on two interpretive problems my reading of Professor Sartor's paper has given rise to, though some of my remarks will concern also more technical matters.

Making Art Global (Part 1):The Third Havana Biennale

Third Text ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 372-374
Author(s):  
Isobel Whitelegg
Keyword(s):  
The Third ◽  
Making Art

Kant and the Common Law: Intersubjectivity in Aesthetic and Legal Judgment

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-460
Author(s):  
Douglas E. Edlin
Keyword(s):  
Common Law ◽  
Aesthetic Judgment ◽  
Political Community ◽  
Aesthetic Theory ◽  
Objective Truth ◽  
Core Concepts ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This article develops some conceptual correlations between Kant’s theory of aesthetic judgment and the common law tradition of legal judgment. The article argues that legal judgment, like aesthetic judgment, is best conceived in terms of intersubjective validity rather than objective truth. Understanding the parallel between aesthetic and legal judgment allows us to appreciate better the relationship between subjectivity and intersubjectivity, the individual and the community, in the formulation and communication of judgments, which combine a personal response and a reasoned determination intended for a discrete audience. The article frames and pursues these themes in relation to four core concepts in Kant’s aesthetic theory: judgment, communication, community, and disinterestedness. Through sustained comparison and application of these concepts in aesthetic judgment and legal judgment, the article provides a conception of judging that more accurately captures the common law role and relationship of the individual judge and the institutional judiciary as integral parts of the broader legal and political community.

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