scholarly journals Why do we need two doses of Covid-19 vaccine: a qualitative explanation

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-136
Author(s):  
Laxman Bokati ◽  
Julio Urenda ◽  
Olga Kosheleva ◽  
Vladik Kreinovich
1970 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1477-1483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aadu Ott

Abstract The diffusion of 115mCd, 203Hg and 72Ga tracers in lithium metal has been studied, using a thin film deposition and sectioning method.The experimental results can be expressed by the following Arrhenius relations:These results, which do not agree with any established theory of impurity diffusion in a metallic lattice, are discussed together with data from previous experiments in terms of the systematics of the dependence of the diffusivity on the "ionizability" of an impurity atom in Li, and on the size of the impurity. In this way a qualitative explanation of the different diffusions rates can be obtained. The relatively large and electropositive impurities appear to diffuse mainly via a vacancy mechanism and the small and electronegative ones mainly as interstitials. The distinction substitutional-interstitial is less pronounced for very large impurities, which may also exhibit tendencies to be trapped at lattice defects.


1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (23) ◽  
pp. 2590-2592
Author(s):  
J. Cejpek ◽  
J. Dobeš

The reaction processes in which a one-step transition is forbidden are analyzed from the point of view of the first order perturbation theory. The interference between two competing two-step reaction paths is found to be always constructive. A qualitative explanation of the experimentally observed reaction intensities is presented.


CORAK ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arif Suharson

Javanese culture derives from the intellectual, emotional, and physical process inJavanese environment. This process goes on to keep up with the constant changes in theenvironment. This process has resulted in such artistic products as decorative roof top ofwuwung in Mayong Jepara Central Java. The wuwung has been aesthetically put on top ofJavanese traditional houses precisely above the blandar penuwun. This roof top serves thefunction as the cover to keep water and dust from entering the house. This such kind ofwuwung is characteristically decorated with glass mozaik and is therefore uniquely differentfrom that in other regions.This analysis is attempting to identify and prove qualitative explanation. Accordinglythis study employs qualitative method to avoid mathematic calculation. It is so because whatmatters is the value of particularly specific and unique objects which contain meaningfulaction. The study deals with visual art, particularly ceramic craft of clay. It is expected thatthere will be sustainable benefits to reserve local genius in the national culture. The art workof decorative wuwung from Mayong Lor Jepara Central Java is characteristically clear and canbe classified by time, technique of making, decorative technique, material, and meaning.Results of thestudy suggested that wuwungan wayang in Mayong Central Java which isfamiliar in Javanese society clearly represents such good characters or heroic figures. For theJavanese people who already held particular beliefs such animism and dynamism long beforethe introduction of such religons as Hindu, Budha, and Islam, put a historical background in thedevelopment of meaningful symbols. Home decoration implies more than physical activities;rather it implies praying and expectation represented by the decorative wuwung produced inMayong Jepara with its aesthetic beautiful mozaik of glass.Keywords: decorative art, wuwung, glass mozaik, Mayong Jepara  Kebudayaan Jawa lahir dari olah pikir, rasa, dan karsa pada lingkungan hidupmasyarakat etnis Jawa dalam kurun waktu yang terus berproses dalam menghadapi perubahanzaman yang ada. Dari kebudayaan Jawa itu, lahirlah berbagai produk sebagai hasil untukpemenuhan kebutuhan dari olah pikir, rasa, dan karsa tersebut. Salah satunya adalah seni hiaswuwung hasil kreasi masyarakat Mayong Jepara Jawa Tengah yang menghiasi atap rumahadat tradisional Jawa. Wuwung hias dipasang pada atap rumah paling atas di atas blandarpenuwun yang berfungsi sebagai penutup genteng paling atas dan berfungsi menahan debuatau air agar tidak masuk ke dalam rumah dengan ornamentasi pecahan beling yang memilikiciri khas yang tidak dimiliki oleh daerah lain. Kajian ini berusaha mencari dan memberikan penjelasan secara kualitatif, sehinggametode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif. Metode ini menghindari perhitungan matematis,karena yang dicari adalah value ‘nilai’ yang muncul dari objek kajian yang bersifat khusus,bahkan sangat spesifik, unik dan selalu mengandung meaning full action. Penelitian ini sebagaisalah satu telaah lingkup bidang ilmu seni rupa, khususnya seni kriya keramik yangmemanfaatkan material tanah atau lempung. Hal ini akan memiliki dampak yangberkelanjutan, sehingga kekayaan tradisi lokal akan tetap berjalan sebagai ciri local geniusyang memperkaya khasanah budaya bangsa. Produk seni wuwung hias dari Mayong Lor JeparaJawa Tengah yang dijadikan obyek penelitian, memiliki ciri khas dan sifat yang dapatdiidentifikasi secara jelas, dan dapat diklasifikasi menurut waktu, teknik pembuatan, teknikseni hias, dan bahan material yang digunakan serta makna yang terkandung dari penciptaanseni hias wuwungan tersebut.Mengambil inti sari dari hasil kajian penelitian yang telah dilakukan bahwa sebutanwuwungan wayang yang akrab dalam kehidupan masyarakat Jawa, maka penafsiran bentukbentukseni hias wuwung Mayong Jepara Jawa Tengah jelas mengarah pada tokoh-tokohkebaikan atau tokoh-tokoh pahlawan dalam membela kebenaran. Keyakinan masyarakat Jawayang sudah memiliki agama sebelum agama-agama besar datang seperti Hindu, Budha, danIslam, tentu keberadaan kepercayaan animisme dan dinamisme menjadi latar belakang sejarahyang kuat dalam menggambarkan simbol yang mempunyai arti. Keberadaan menghias rumahtentu tidak hanya sekedar menghias, tetapi sekaligus merupakan doa dan harapan yang ingindicapai yang terwujud pada seni hias wuwung Mayong Jepara dengan ciri khusus ornamenpecahan beling yang indah.Kata Kunci: Seni hias, wuwung, pecahan beling, Mayong Jepara


2021 ◽  
Vol 2103 (1) ◽  
pp. 012179
Author(s):  
R F Babayeva

Abstract An induced impurity photoconductivity by the electric field, thermally stimulated conductivity and spontaneous pulsations of the dark current were found in the undoped (with a dark resistivity P77≈3•104÷108 Ω-cm at T≈77 K) and erbium doped (NEr=10–5÷10–1 at.%) p-GaSe crystals in the temperature range of T≤240÷250 K at electric field strengths (E) creating a noticeable injection. It was found that the value of the observed impurity photoconductivity (M) monotonically increase at low illumination in undoped crystals with increasing P77 and its spectrum smoothly expands towards longer waves. The value of ∆ii and the width of its spectrum change non-monotonically with increasing NEr in doped crystal and it gets its maximum value at NEr ≈5•10-4 at.%. The intensity of spontaneous pulsations increases with increasing E at the higher electric field strengths. However, the impurity photoconductivity and the peak of thermally stimulated conductivity gradually disappeared. The amplitude and frequency of the observed spontaneous pulsations of the dark current is increased with increasing in the injection ability of the contacts. Moreover, the pulsations of the dark current gradually disappeared with increasing T. It was shown that all these three phenomena are directly caused by the recharge of sticking levels with a depth Er ≈+0.42 eV and a density Nt≈ 1015 cm-3 by injected holes. However, in high-resistance undoped and doped Er ≤10-2 at.% crystals, it is also necessary to consider the presence of random macroscopic defects in the samples to explain their features. A qualitative explanation is proposed based on the obtained results.


1997 ◽  
Vol 485 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Beaucarne ◽  
J. Poortmans ◽  
M. Caymax ◽  
J. Nijs ◽  
R. Mertens

AbstractIn this paper, a method to obtain by CVD Si layers on silicon oxide with the desired grain size is described, involving nucleation control through the growth parameters. Nucleation experiments are carried out with a hydrogen - dichlorosilane - HCl ambient at high temperature. The nucleus density is observed to drop to low values at a threshold HCl-flow. A qualitative explanation using concepts from atomistic nucleation theory is proposed. The effect of addition of diborane to the gas flow is investigated and appears to be small or non-existent . Finally, preliminary results of a thin-film crystalline silicon solar cell process applied on such layers are given to illustrate the potential of such layers.


1996 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
pp. 605-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.S Wu ◽  
H.M Shao ◽  
X.X Yao ◽  
S.S Jiang ◽  
C Gou ◽  
...  

1978 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1059-1079
Author(s):  
Andre C. Chang ◽  
John R. Cleary

abstract Consistent precursors to PKKP from Novaya Zemlya explosions have been detected at the LASA seismic array in Montana. The precursory wave train is at least 65 sec long, and up to seven distinct and correlatable arrivals can be observed in the train. A similar investigation of E. Kazakh explosions, however, showed no evidence of precursors. A hypothesis of scattering on reflection at the core-mantle boundary provides a qualitative explanation of the observed precursors. The source of the scattered waves cannot be established with certainty, but the simplest interpretation is that they are generated by irregularities (“bumps”) on the boundary itself. The absence of precursors from E. Kazakh explosions is at least partly explicable in terms of the lower magnitudes of these events, but could be a result also of regional variation in the scattering properties of the core-mantle boundary.


1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 850-859
Author(s):  
M Reinecke ◽  
H Ruder ◽  
H Volz

Abstract Starting with a model for odd-odd nuclei, which had been used in former investigation (rigid, symmetrical top for the deformed even-even core, two extra particles in a Nilsson potential), the influence of the coupling term Hc and of the residual interaction VPN on the rotational spectrum of the odd-odd nucleus 166Ho are discussed. It is shown, that in this nucleus neither the coupling term Hc nor a pure Wigner force can explain the characteristic features of the rotational spectrum. It is therefore necessary to introduce a residual interaction VPN, which contains at least a spin-spin term. The explicit calculation for the nucleus 166Ho with a simple ansatz (δ-interaction with spin-spin term) already leads to a qualitative explanation of the particularities in the observed rotational spectrum. The investigations show a way how to get more information about the protonneutron interaction in odd-odd nuclei


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