715 Relation between oxygen supply in cortical bone and bone growth rate in young rat tibia

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009.84 (0) ◽  
pp. _7-20_
Author(s):  
Takafumi KOMEDA ◽  
Hisashi NAITO ◽  
Takeshi MATSUMOTO ◽  
Masao TANAKA
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Rat Tibia ◽  
Young Rat

scholarly journals Catch-Up Growth after Hypothyroidism Is Caused by Delayed Growth Plate Senescence

Endocrinology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 149 (4) ◽  
pp. 1820-1828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose Marino ◽  
Anita Hegde ◽  
Kevin M. Barnes ◽  
Lenneke Schrier ◽  
Joyce A. Emons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Growth Plate ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Linear Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Plate Chondrocytes ◽  
Growth Plates ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Growth Inhibiting

Catch-up growth is defined as a linear growth rate greater than expected for age after a period of growth inhibition. We hypothesized that catch-up growth occurs because growth-inhibiting conditions conserve the limited proliferative capacity of growth plate chondrocytes, thus slowing the normal process of growth plate senescence. When the growth-inhibiting condition resolves, the growth plates are less senescent and therefore grow more rapidly than normal for age. To test this hypothesis, we administered propylthiouracil to newborn rats for 8 wk to induce hypothyroidism and then stopped the propylthiouracil to allow catch-up growth. In untreated controls, the growth plates underwent progressive, senescent changes in multiple functional and structural characteristics. We also identified genes that showed large changes in mRNA expression in growth plate and used these changes as molecular markers of senescence. In treated animals, after stopping propylthiouracil, these functional, structural, and molecular senescent changes were delayed, compared with controls. This delayed senescence included a delayed decline in longitudinal growth rate, resulting in catch-up growth. The findings demonstrate that growth inhibition due to hypothyroidism slows the developmental program of growth plate senescence, including the normal decline in the rate of longitudinal bone growth, thus accounting for catch-up growth.

scholarly journals Relationship between bone growth rate and the thickness of calcified cartilage in the long bones of the Galloanserae (Aves)

2005 ◽  
Vol 206 (5) ◽  
pp. 445-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Montes ◽  
E. de Margerie ◽  
J. Castanet ◽  
A. de Ricqles ◽  
J. Cubo
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Long Bones ◽  
Calcified Cartilage

scholarly journals Astragalus Extract Mixture HT042 Increases Longitudinal Bone Growth Rate by Upregulating Circulatory IGF-1 in Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donghun Lee ◽  
Sung Hyun Lee ◽  
Yoon Hee Lee ◽  
Jungbin Song ◽  
Hocheol Kim
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Growth Plate ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Normal Functioning ◽  
Direct Stimulation ◽  
Proliferative Rate ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Igfbp 3

Astragalus extract mixture HT042 is a standardized ingredient of health functional food approved by Korean FDA with a claim of “height growth of children.” HT042 stimulates bone growth rate and increases local IGF-1 expression in growth plate of rats which can be considered as direct stimulation of GH and its paracrine/autocrine actions. However, it remains unclear whether HT042 stimulates circulatory IGF-1 which also plays a major role to stimulate bone growth. To determine the effects on circulatory IGF-1, IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 expressions and phosphorylation of JAK2/STAT5 were evaluated in the liver after 10 days of HT042 administration. HT042 upregulated liver IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 mRNA expression, IGF-1 protein expression, and phosphorylation of JAK2/STAT5. HT042 also increased bone growth rate and proliferative zonal height in growth plate. In conclusion, HT042 stimulates bone growth rate via increment of proliferative rate by upregulation of liver IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 mRNA followed by IGF-1 protein expression through phosphorylation of JAK2/STAT5, which can be regarded as normal functioning of GH-dependent endocrine pathway.

Relationship between bone growth rate and bone tissue organization in amniotes: first test of Amprino's rule in a phylogenetic context

2010 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Castanet ◽  
Jorge Cubo ◽  
Laëtitia Montes
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Variation Partitioning ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Tissue Organization ◽  
Shared Ancestry ◽  
Functional Factors

AbstractA debate on the determinism (phylogenetic versus functional) of the diversity of bone histological features has centred the interest of bone comparative biologists. While some authors have noticed the presence of a phylogenetic signal in bone tissue variation, many others have argued that these characters may not include much phylogenetic information, but rather reflect functional factors. Here we quantify both components in a sample of amniotes. We hypothesize that: 1/ the observed variation is partly the outcome of shared ancestry (phylogenetic factor) and 2/ for a given quantity of bone produced, tissues formed at a rapid rate may have a higher fraction of vascular cavities than those produced at a slower rate (functional factor). Variation partitioning analyses show that the phylogeny explains a significant portion of the variation of bone vascularity (85.3%), bone growth rate also explains a significant portion of this variation (68.3%), and there is an important overlap (67.9%). Finally, an optimization through least-squares parsimony of bone growth rates onto the phylogeny shows that the most important evolutionary change may have occurred after the split between crocodiles and birds. This change may be linked to the origin of avian endothermic metabolism because high growth rates involve high protein turnover, which is very energy consuming. We conclude that the debate on the dichotomy between phylogenetic versus functional causation of bone histological diversity is misleading, because we have shown that bone vascularity has, at the same time, a functional significance and a phylogenetic signal.

Tamoxifen Impairs Both Longitudinal and Cortical Bone Growth in Young Male Rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1267-1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elham Karimian ◽  
Andrei S Chagin ◽  
Jennifer Gjerde ◽  
Terhi Heino ◽  
Ernst A Lien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Male Rats

Transverse Bone Growth and Cortical Bone Mass in the Human Prenatal Period

Neonatology ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Ignacio Rodríguez ◽  
José Palacios ◽  
Sebastián Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Prenatal Period ◽  
Cortical Bone Mass

scholarly journals BONE GROWTH AND DISTRIBUTION IN SWINE AS INFLUENCED BY LIVEWEIGHT, BREED, SEX, AND RATION

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. RICHMOND ◽  
R. T. BERG
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Skeletal Development ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Thoracic Vertebrae ◽  
Yorkshire Pigs ◽  
Tibia Length ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Individual bones of the skeleton, dissected from one-half of the carcass were weighed and expressed as a percentage of total bone for 23 Duroc × Yorkshire, 42 Hampshire × Yorkshire, and 27 Yorkshire × Yorkshire barrows and gilts fed either low energy (LE) (2757 kcal DE/kg and 15.3% protein) or high energy (HE) (3652 kcal DE/kg and 19.9% protein) rations and slaughtered at either 68, 91, or 114 kg liveweight. To determine bone measurements at the start of the experiment bone data were collected from seven barrows and seven gilts of the same breed groups slaughtered at 23 kg liveweight. The scapula, humerus, radius, and ulna, femur, and tibia bones, in addition to being weighed, were measured to determine length and circumference. Increases in bone length were proportionate to liveweight up to 91 kg, after which growth rate decreased for all measured bones except the humerus. Growth in circumference increased rapidly for all measured bones up to 68 kg liveweight, after which increases were of lesser magnitude. Between 23 and 68 kg liveweight, increases in bone circumference were slightly greater than those in length. Weight for each measured bone increased linearily relative to liveweight. Among breed groups Duroc × Yorkshire pigs had the greatest radius and ulna circumference and Hampshire × Yorkshire the smallest tibia weight (P < 0.05). Gilts had a greater scapula length and weight and a greater femur and tibia length than did barrows (P < 0.05). Pigs fed the low energy ration exceeded those fed the high energy ration in scapula length (19.67 vs. 19.08 cm) and weight (171.52 vs. 157.25 g). Sex-liveweight and sex-ration interactions occurred for femur weight and percent scapula, respectively. Percentage bone in the carcass decreased as liveweight increased but percent bone within the hind and front quarters remained relatively constant after 68 kg liveweight. The influence of breed, sex, and ration on percentages of individual bones were observed only for the scapula, radius, and ulna and sternum and rib cartilage. A decrease in percent thoracic vertebrae and increase in percent ribs and lumbar vertebrae indicated an anterior-posterior pattern of skeletal development. Differentiation in bone distribution appeared to be essentially complete at or before 23 kg liveweight.

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