scholarly journals Influence of the Turbine Bias Angle of a Torque Converter on Flow and Performance.

1997 ◽  
Vol 63 (616) ◽  
pp. 3959-3967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiji EJIRI ◽  
Masaaki KUBO
Keyword(s):  
Torque Converter ◽  
And Performance

1312 Flow Field and Performance of Torque Converter by CFD Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016.53 (0) ◽  
pp. _1312-1_-_1312-5_
Author(s):  
Yuki OHTA ◽  
Yosuke KIMURA ◽  
Yusuke KATAYAMA ◽  
Shouichiro IIO ◽  
Yoshihide MORI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Torque Converter ◽  
Cfd Analysis ◽  
And Performance

A Mechanical Torque Converter, and Its Use as an Automobile Transmission

1976 ◽  
Vol 190 (1) ◽  
pp. 447-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederic Williams ◽  
D. Tipping
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Automatic Transmission ◽  
Torque Converter ◽  
Manual Transmission ◽  
Output Shaft ◽  
Basic Design ◽  
Prime Mover ◽  
Experimental Performance ◽  
Performance Curves ◽  
And Performance

SYNOPSIS A torque converter is described in which the prime mover is directly coupled to a pulsator unit which produces an alternating torque. Sprag-type clutches are used to rectify this torque and to transmit it to the converter output shaft. A developed version of this basic design for use as an automobile automatic transmission is described and theoretical and experimental performance curves are given which show that an automobile drive is possible which approaches a manual transmission for fuel consumption and performance.

Measurement and Analysis of Static Pressure Field in a Torque Converter Turbine

1995 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. By ◽  
B. Lakshminarayana
Keyword(s):  
Static Pressure ◽  
Pressure Field ◽  
Torque Converter ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Viscous Effects ◽  
State Measurement ◽  
Measurement And Analysis ◽  
Core Section ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Steady State Measurement

In this paper, the static pressure field and performance parameters of a torque converter turbine are measured, analyzed, and interpreted under three speed ratio conditions (0, 0.6, and 0.8). A proven measurement technique was developed for the steady-state measurement of static pressures in the turbine. Results show that: 1) the static pressure field is generally poor at the core section; 2) centrifugal force has the dominant effect on the static pressure drop in the turbine at SR = 0.6 and SR = 0.8; and 3) the static pressure loss due to viscous effects and due to the diffusion of the relative velocity is very pronounced at SR = 0.

scholarly journals Unique Reverse and Maneuvering Features of the AOE-6 Reverse Reduction Gear

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Michael Zekas ◽  
Andrew N. Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Torque Converter ◽  
Turbine Rotor ◽  
Reduction Gear ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Principal Characteristics ◽  
Prior Testing ◽  
Fluid Coupling ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Naval Surface Warfare

A unique Reverse Reduction Gear system is being utilized on the U.S. NAVY AOE-6 Class ships. The AOE-6 is the first of (4) Fast Combat Support ships being built by National Steel and Shipbuilding Company (NASSCO) in San Diego, Ca. The principal characteristics of the AOE-6 Class ships are as follows: Length Overall - 753 Feet 8.5 Inches Beam - 107 Feet Mean Draft (Full Load) - 37 Feet 10 Inches Displacement - 48,500 Long Tons Total Shaft Horsepower - 100,000 HP The ships are powered by (4) General Electric LM2500 gas turbine engines, driving thru (2) main reduction gears manufactured by the Cincinnati Gear Co., to (2) shafts fitted with fixed pitch propellers. Each main reduction gear utilizes (2) SSS-TOSI Reversible Coupling Converters (RCC’s) to provide reversing and slow speed maneuvering capability for each propulsion shaft. The RCC is a fluid coupling/torque converter that has (26) insertable stator vanes positioned around the periphery of the rotor circuit. These stator vanes, when inserted, reverse fluid flow inside the RCC, and consequently reverse the direction of rotation of the RCC output (turbine) rotor. The RCC was tested extensively by the Naval Surface Warfare Center (formerly NAVSSES) in Philadelphia, Pa. This paper provides an overview of the RCC design and operating principles; highlights of the prior testing accomplished; and an informative brief that details the successful integration, operation, and performance of the RCC aboard these new U.S. Naval vessels.

scholarly journals Drag Reduction and Performance Improvement of Hydraulic Torque Converters with Multiple Biological Characteristics

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Chunbao ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Lei Yulong ◽  
Liu Changsuo ◽  
Zhang Yubo
Keyword(s):  
Drag Reduction ◽  
Performance Improvement ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Torque Converter ◽  
Biological Characteristics ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Hydraulic Torque Converter ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Profile Loss

Fish-like, dolphin-like, and bionic nonsmooth surfaces were employed in a hydraulic torque converter to achieve drag reduction and performance improvement, which were aimed at reducing profile loss, impacting loss and friction loss, respectively. YJSW335, a twin turbine torque converter, was bionically designed delicately. The biological characteristics consisted of fish-like blades in all four wheels, dolphin-like structure in the first turbine and the stator, and nonsmooth surfaces in the pump. The prediction performance of bionic YJSW335, obtained by computational fluid dynamics simulation, was improved compared with that of the original model, and then it could be proved that drag reduction had been achieved. The mechanism accounting for drag reduction of three factors was also investigated. After bionic design, the torque ratio and the highest efficiencies of YJSW335 were both advanced, which were very difficult to achieve through traditional design method. Moreover, the highest efficiency of the low speed area and high speed area is 85.65% and 86.32%, respectively. By economic matching analysis of the original and bionic powertrains, the latter can significantly reduce the fuel consumption and improve the operating economy of the loader.

Transmission Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Analysis with the Siemens ELMISKOP 101

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 450-451
Author(s):  
H. M. Thieringer
Keyword(s):  
Objective Lens ◽  
Transmission Microscopy ◽  
Image Recording ◽  
Mode Of Operation ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Convergent Beam ◽  
Ray Path ◽  
Beam Diffraction

It has repeatedly been show that with conventional electron microscopes very fine electron probes can be produced, therefore allowing various micro-techniques such as micro recording, X-ray microanalysis and convergent beam diffraction. In this paper the function and performance of an SIEMENS ELMISKOP 101 used as a scanning transmission microscope (STEM) is described. This mode of operation has some advantages over the conventional transmission microscopy (CTEM) especially for the observation of thick specimen, in spite of somewhat longer image recording times.Fig.1 shows schematically the ray path and the additional electronics of an ELMISKOP 101 working as a STEM. With a point-cathode, and using condensor I and the objective lens as a demagnifying system, an electron probe with a half-width ob about 25 Å and a typical current of 5.10-11 amp at 100 kV can be obtained in the back focal plane of the objective lens.

Angular Resolved Electron Spectroscopy with Parallel Recording

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 370-371
Author(s):  
Huang Min ◽  
P.S. Flora ◽  
C.J. Harland ◽  
J.A. Venables
Keyword(s):  
Electron Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Solid Angle ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
Cylindrical Mirror ◽  
Inner Radius ◽  
Channel Plate ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Type Detector

A cylindrical mirror analyser (CMA) has been built with a parallel recording detection system. It is being used for angular resolved electron spectroscopy (ARES) within a SEM. The CMA has been optimised for imaging applications; the inner cylinder contains a magnetically focused and scanned, 30kV, SEM electron-optical column. The CMA has a large inner radius (50.8mm) and a large collection solid angle (Ω > 1sterad). An energy resolution (ΔE/E) of 1-2% has been achieved. The design and performance of the combination SEM/CMA instrument has been described previously and the CMA and detector system has been used for low voltage electron spectroscopy. Here we discuss the use of the CMA for ARES and present some preliminary results.The CMA has been designed for an axis-to-ring focus and uses an annular type detector. This detector consists of a channel-plate/YAG/mirror assembly which is optically coupled to either a photomultiplier for spectroscopy or a TV camera for parallel detection.

Novel epoxy/anhydride alternatives for biological electron microscopy: Physical and performance characteristis of embed 812 and LX 112 in combination with NSA/NMA/DMAE

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 1000-1001
Author(s):  
Joe A. Mascorro ◽  
Gerald S. Kirby
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Succinic Anhydride ◽  
Volume Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Volume Flow ◽  
Base Resin ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Acid Anhydrides

Embedding media based upon an epoxy resin of choice and the acid anhydrides dodecenyl succinic anhydride (DDSA), nadic methyl anhydride (NMA), and catalyzed by the tertiary amine 2,4,6-Tri(dimethylaminomethyl) phenol (DMP-30) are widely used in biological electron microscopy. These media possess a viscosity character that can impair tissue infiltration, particularly if original Epon 812 is utilized as the base resin. Other resins that are considerably less viscous than Epon 812 now are available as replacements. Likewise, nonenyl succinic anhydride (NSA) and dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE) are more fluid than their counterparts DDSA and DMP- 30 commonly used in earlier formulations. This work utilizes novel epoxy and anhydride combinations in order to produce embedding media with desirable flow rate and viscosity parameters that, in turn, would allow the medium to optimally infiltrate tissues. Specifically, embeding media based on EmBed 812 or LX 112 with NSA (in place of DDSA) and DMAE (replacing DMP-30), with NMA remaining constant, are formulated and offered as alternatives for routine biological work.Individual epoxy resins (Table I) or complete embedding media (Tables II-III) were tested for flow rate and viscosity. The novel media were further examined for their ability to infilftrate tissues, polymerize, sectioning and staining character, as well as strength and stability to the electron beam and column vacuum. For physical comparisons, a volume (9 ml) of either resin or media was aspirated into a capillary viscocimeter oriented vertically. The material was then allowed to flow out freely under the influence of gravity and the flow time necessary for the volume to exit was recored (Col B,C; Tables). In addition, the volume flow rate (ml flowing/second; Col D, Tables) was measured. Viscosity (n) could then be determined by using the Hagen-Poiseville relation for laminar flow, n = c.p/Q, where c = a geometric constant from an instrument calibration with water, p = mass density, and Q = volume flow rate. Mass weight and density of the materials were determined as well (Col F,G; Tables). Infiltration schedules utilized were short (1/2 hr 1:1, 3 hrs full resin), intermediate (1/2 hr 1:1, 6 hrs full resin) , or long (1/2 hr 1:1, 6 hrs full resin) in total time. Polymerization schedules ranging from 15 hrs (overnight) through 24, 36, or 48 hrs were tested. Sections demonstrating gold interference colors were collected on unsupported 200- 300 mesh grids and stained sequentially with uranyl acetate and lead citrate.

Trace nanoanalysis

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 940-941
Author(s):  
D. E. Newbury ◽  
R. D. Leapman
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Volume Element ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Trace Constituents ◽  
Secondary Ion ◽  
Concentration Levels ◽  
Structure Properties

Trace constituents, which can be very loosely defined as those present at concentration levels below 1 percent, often exert influence on structure, properties, and performance far greater than what might be estimated from their proportion alone. Defining the role of trace constituents in the microstructure, or indeed even determining their location, makes great demands on the available array of microanalytical tools. These demands become increasingly more challenging as the dimensions of the volume element to be probed become smaller. For example, a cubic volume element of silicon with an edge dimension of 1 micrometer contains approximately 5×1010 atoms. High performance secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) can be used to measure trace constituents to levels of hundreds of parts per billion from such a volume element (e. g., detection of at least 100 atoms to give 10% reproducibility with an overall detection efficiency of 1%, considering ionization, transmission, and counting).

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