Effects of Thinning Time on Yield, Fruit Size, and Return Bloom of ‘York’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ Apple Trees

2002 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross E. Byers ◽  
D. H. Carbaugh
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Return Bloom

scholarly journals Influence of Root Pruning and Rootstock on Growth and Performance of `Golden Delicious' Apple

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.C. Ferree ◽  
M. Knee
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Size Effect ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
And Performance

`Smoothee Golden Delicious' apple trees on nine rootstocks or interstems were mechanically root pruned annually for 9 years beginning the year after planting. Root pruning reduced trunk cross-sectional area (TCA) by 14% over the first 5 years and 22% in the last 4 years of the trial. Yield and fruit size were reduced by root pruning in most years with the fruit size effect obvious in June at the end of cell division. Interstem trees of MAC.9/MM.106 were larger than trees on M.9 and the following interstems: M.9/MM.106, M.9/MM.111, M.27/MM.111. Trees on seedling (SDL) rootstock were the largest and had the lowest yield per unit TCA and lower cumulative yield/tree than trees on M.7, MM.106, and MM.1ll. There was no interaction for any measure of growth or yield between root pruning and rootstock or interstem.

Effect of timing of hand thinning on the cropping potential of Red Fuji apple trees

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 417 ◽  
Author(s):  
KM Jones ◽  
SA Bound ◽  
TB Koen ◽  
MJ Oakford
Keyword(s):  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Fruit Crop ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Fuji Apple

In a hand-thinning trial of 6-year-old Red Fuji apple trees on seedling rootstocks at the Grove Research Station in southern Tasmania, unthinned controls were compared with trees that were hand-thinned between full bloom and 56 days after full bloom. Trees were thinned to about 200 flowers or fruit per tree. The response of fruit size and weight to later thinning was negative and linear (R2=0.72). This regression was not significantly affected if adjusted for the varying fruit crop per tree. It is concluded that in Australia, Red Fuji is capable of producing larger fruit at higher crop loads than either Red Delicious or Golden Delicious and that thinning at blossom produces much larger fruit than later thinning. Because of the strong correlation between Red Fuji fruit size or weight and time of thinning, we conclude that it is preferable to thin at blossom time.

scholarly journals Effects of Aculus schlechtendali (Acari: Eriophyidae) population densities on Golden Delicious apple production

Acarologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (Suppl) ◽  
pp. 134-144
Author(s):  
Sauro Simoni ◽  
Gino Angeli ◽  
Mario Baldessari ◽  
Carlo Duso
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Return Bloom ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Aculus Schlechtendali

Field trials were carried out in order to evaluate the seasonal abundance and the impact on yields of the Apple Rust Mite (ARM) Aculus schlechtendali (Acari: Eriophyidae) in an experimental fruit orchard located in northern Italy (Trentino region). The effect of ARM on yield and market quality parameters were assessed on Golden Delicious apple fruits. Fruit size, fruit weight, round colour hue, presence of russet as well as inside quality, i.e. soluble solids, acidity and Perlim index, were evaluated over two seasons considering three population levels of ARM that were determined applying different pesticide strategies. Effects of rust mites on return bloom and yield efficiency were also evaluated. ARM seasonal abundance showed a peak in mid-summer. Relationships between ARM and predatory mites were weak. Moderate to high ARM densities affected fruits size, fruit weight, and round colour hue of Golden Delicious fruits. In contrast, ARM populations did not affect russet on fruits, return bloom and yield efficiency. Additional studies were conducted in the laboratory, on detached Golden Delicious apple leaves, to evaluate the potential for population increase at temperatures close to those recorded in field conditions. These studies evidenced a high potential for population increase.

scholarly journals 180 Apogee™ Controls Shoot Growth and Fruit Parameters

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 421E-421
Author(s):  
Guglielmo Costa ◽  
Anna Maria Bregoli ◽  
Emidio Sabatini ◽  
Bomben Cristina ◽  
Vizzotto Giannina
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Leaf Coloration ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Return Bloom

The efficacy of Prohexadione-Ca on vegetative and reproductive parameters was tested for 3 years on three apple cultivars (Golden Delicious, Braeburn, and Fuji) at concentrations ranging from 125 up to 350 ppm. The Prohexadione-ca was applied after shoots reached 5 cm length, for 1 month. In all cases, Prohexadione-Ca reduced shoot growth, showed the tendency to increase fruit size and to enhance return bloom. In addition, it increased leaf coloration and higher chlorophyll content, and it induced higher photosynthetic efficiency than the control. The relationships among shoot reduction, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic efficiency are discussed.

scholarly journals Simulating Biotic Stress with Terbacil on Apple

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 779F-779
Author(s):  
J. A. Flore ◽  
Edgardo Disegna
Keyword(s):  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Color ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Photosynthetic Inhibition ◽  
Return Bloom ◽  
Dose Dependent

Terbacil an inhibitor of photosynthesis was applied to 10-year-old `Redchief' apple trees in the field carrying a heavy or light fruit crop, or to trees in pots. This simulated the effect of photosynthetic inhibition (PN-I) by either biotic or abiotic stress. Current as well as the next season's crop and physiology were determined. The magnitude and duration of photosynthetic inhibition was dose-dependent. A concentration of 63 mg·liter–1 was applied at 15-day intervals from bloom through harvest. Photosynthesis was in inhibited by 50% to 80% within 24 h of application, but recovered to control levels 10 to 14 days later. Terbacil at 15 and 30 DAFB induced fruit abscission, but not at later dates. The earlier the application the greater the effect on current seasons yield and fruit size. There was also a significant interaction with crop load. There were no significant effects on fruit soluble solids, fruit firmness, fruit density, or fruit color at harvest. Terbacil did not affect cold acclimation, deep winter hardiness, or deacclimation. Pn inhibition at 30, 60, 80, and 100 DAFB reduced return bloom.

Summer pruning effects on fruit size, fruit quality, return bloom and fine root survival in apple trees

2003 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 755-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuo-Tan Li ◽  
Alan N. Lakso ◽  
Richard Piccioni ◽  
Terence Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Return Bloom

scholarly journals A PRELIMINARY COMPARISON OF `GALA' APPLE TREES ON A RANGE OF SIZE-CONTROLLING ROOTSTOCKS

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1103e-1103
Author(s):  
Christopher S. Walsh ◽  
Arthur H. Thompson ◽  
Richard H. Zimmerman
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Tree Management ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
One Year ◽  
Efficiency Data ◽  
Size Controlling

`Gala' apples are increasing in worldwide popularity. Despite this, little information on the cultivars vigor, precocity, or interaction with size-controlling rootstock is available. In 1985, a factorial planting was set to study these variables. `Gala' and `Golden Delicious' trees were found similar in precocity. Cumulative yields were about 20 kg per tree after the fifth leaf. `McIntosh' and `Delicious' trees were less precocious. `Gala' trees were also quite vigorous. Tree size and yield efficiency data will be presented, comparing `Gala' with other cultivars budded onto M 7a, MM 111, or propagated in tissue culture as scion-rooted plants. Tree management techniques have been identified that decrease fruit size. Trees budded onto precocious rootstock, and fruited heavily on one-year wood produce small-sized fruit. This tendency is pronounced on trees fruiting in the second leaf, or on older trees damaged by late-spring freezes that reduce the proportion of crop borne on spurs.

scholarly journals Yield-density relations for apple trees on a dwarfing and a semi-dwarfing rootstock.

1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
E.W.M. Verheij ◽  
F.L.J.A.W. Verwer
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
High Density ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Fruit Thinning ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Tree Thinning ◽  
Tree Vigour ◽  
Planting System

In a planting system trial started in 1962 Golden Delicious trees in low-density plots at 1 100 trees/ha on M.9 and 660 trees/ha on M.2 came into bearing slowly and yields levelled off at about 40 tons/ha. In high-density plots at 3 300 and 2 260 trees/ha on M.9 and M.2, respectively, yields quickly increased to about 75 tons/ha in 1967 and 1968, but thereafter declined; this was associated with more intensive pruning and fruit thinning to restore tree vigour and fruit quality. Yield per unit of growth was initially higher but finally much lower in high-density plots, indicating that fruiting suffered more than growth from competition between trees. Yield per unit of growth was much higher on M.9 than on M.2, especially at high density. Fruit size was slightly better on M.9, and at high density the problems in maintaining fruit size were not as serious as on M.2. Growth control in the high-density M.2 plot became difficult and tree thinning may be advisable. Under the conditions of the trial the optimum density for Golden Delicious on M.9 is probably above 3 000 trees/ha and on M.2 below 2 000 trees/ha. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Carbon Balance as a Physiological Basis for the Interactions of European Red Mite and Crop Load on `Starkrimson Delicious' Apple Trees

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 959-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.H.D. Francesconi ◽  
A.N. Lakso ◽  
J.P. Nyrop ◽  
J. Barnard ◽  
S.S. Denning
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Panonychus Ulmi ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
European Red Mite ◽  
Return Bloom

The hypothesis that carbon balance is the basis for differences in responses by lightly and normally cropped apple trees to European red mite (ERM) [Panonychus ulmi (Koch)] damage was tested. Mature `Starkrimson Delicious' (Malus domestica Borkh.)/M.26 apple trees were hand-thinned to light (125 fruit/tree, about 20 t/ha) or normal (300 fruit/tree, about 40 t/ha) target crop levels and infested with low [<100 cumulative mite-days (CMD)], medium (400 to 1000 CMD) or high (>1000 CMD) target levels of ERM. A range of crop loads and CMD was obtained. Mite population density, fruit growth, leaf and whole-canopy net CO2 exchange rates (NCER) were measured throughout the growing season of 1994. Leaf area and vegetative growth per tree were also measured. Yield and final mean fruit size were determined at harvest. Return bloom and fruiting were determined the following year. Total shoot length per tree was not affected by crop load or mite damage. ERM reduced leaf and whole-canopy NCER. Normally cropped trees showed fruit weight reduction earlier and more severely than lightly cropped trees with high mite injury. Variation in final fruit weight, return bloom and return fruiting was much better related to whole-canopy NCER per fruit than to CMD.

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