Study on Formation of System Utilizing Thermal Effluents as Heat Source and Evaluation of Heat Demand

This paper reports application study of newly developed turbo heat pump for 130 degrees Celsius (°C) water for an industrial process in an actual factory. The heat pump is characterized by high efficiency and large heat output, by using a state-of-the-art turbo compressor. The heat pump requires a low temperature heat source in order to achieve high efficiency. The heat demand is for several drying furnaces in the factory, which requires producing hot air of 120 °C. The heat exchanger was designed to produce the hot air. Experiments were conducted to confirm the performance of the heat exchanger under a reduced size of the heat exchanger. Low temperature heat sources are from both exhaust gas of the drying furnaces and that of an annealing furnace. The heat exchangers were also designed to recover heat of the exhaust gas from the two types of furnace. A thermal storage tank was prepared for the low temperature heat source, and for adjusting the time difference between the heat demand and the low temperature heat source. The size of the tank was determined by considering the schedule of furnaces operations. As a result of the present study, it was confirmed that the heat pump was able to satisfy the present heat demand while retaining high efficiency. Primary energy consumption and CO2 emission of the heat pump were calculated on the basis of the present results in order to compare them with those of the boilers.

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Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Generator Temperature on the Performance of Solution Transportation Absorption Chiller

International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration ◽

10.1142/s2010132517500286 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 25 (03) ◽

pp. 1750028 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Koji Enoki ◽

Fumi Watanabe ◽

Atsushi Akisawa ◽

Toshitaka Takei

Keyword(s):

Experimental Investigation ◽

Heat Source ◽

Waste Heat ◽

Demand Side ◽

Conventional System ◽

Absorption Chiller ◽

Ammonia Water ◽

Absorption Chillers ◽

Heat Demand ◽

Normal Absorption

It is effective to recover waste heat to reduce primary energy consumption. From this point of view, we proposed and examined a new idea of heat transportation using ammonia–water as the working fluid in the system named the Solution Transportation Absorption chiller (STA). As waste heat sources are not necessarily located close to areas of heat demand, conventionally, absorption chillers are located on heat source side and produce chilled water that is transported to heat demand side through pipelines with an insulation. In contrast, the proposed system STA divides an absorption chiller into two parts. The generator and the condenser are located on heat source side while the evaporator and the absorber are on heat demand side. Both the conventional system and STA system satisfy the same boundary condition of heat recovery and heat supply to the demand side, STA can work for transferring thermal energy as the conventional system does even though the temperature of the media is ambient without an insulation. Our previous studies of the STA were based on the experimental investigation with the STA facility where the cooling power was 90[Formula: see text]kW (25.6 refrigeration ton) at the generator temperature 120[Formula: see text]C from 0[Formula: see text]m (normal absorption chiller) to 1000[Formula: see text]m. Thus, the Coefficient of Performance (COP) of STA was found to have almost the same value of 0.65 with conventional absorption chillers without depending on the transportation distances. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of generator temperature from 100[Formula: see text]C to 120[Formula: see text]C on the performance of solution transportation of ammonia–water solution, because the generator temperature is directly linked to the waste heat temperature, so its effect needs to be investigated. The experimental facility tested the performance with 0[Formula: see text]m (normal absorption chiller), 200[Formula: see text]m and 500[Formula: see text]m distance. The results indicate that the effect of the generator temperature and solution transportation distances showed no significant on the COP.

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Peak Power of Heat Source for Domestic Hot Water Preparation (DHW) for Residential Estate in Poland as a Representative Case Study for the Climate of Central Europe

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14238047 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (23) ◽

pp. 8047

Author(s):

Łukasz Amanowicz

Keyword(s):

Heat Source ◽

Peak Power ◽

Residential Buildings ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Hot Water ◽

Correct Selection ◽

Domestic Hot Water ◽

Heat Demand ◽

Selection Of

Due to the energy transformation in buildings, the proportions of energy consumption for heating, ventilation and domestic hot water preparation (DHW) have changed. The latter component can now play a significant role, not only in the context of the annual heat demand, but also in the context of selecting the peak power of the heat source. In this paper, the comparison of chosen methods for its calculation is presented. The results show that for contemporary residential buildings, the peak power for DHW preparation can achieve the same or higher value as the peak power for heating and ventilation. For this reason, nowadays the correct selection of the peak power of a heat source for DHW purposes becomes more important, especially if it uses renewable energy sources, because it affects its size and so the investment cost and economic efficiency. It is also indicated that in modern buildings, mainly accumulative systems with hot water storage tanks should be taken into account because they are less sensitive to design errors (wrongly selected peak value in the context of the uncertainty of hot water consumption) and because they result in acceptable value of peak power for DHW in comparison to heating and ventilation.

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The Potential of Wind Power-Supported Geothermal District Heating Systems—Model Results for a Location in Warsaw (Poland)

Energies ◽

10.3390/en12193706 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (19) ◽

pp. 3706 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ciapała ◽

Jurasz ◽

Kies

Keyword(s):

Energy Source ◽

Heat Source ◽

Wind Power ◽

Thermal Energy ◽

District Heating ◽

Distribution Networks ◽

Weather Data ◽

Geothermal Heat ◽

District Heating System ◽

Heat Demand

Geothermal heat is considered a sustainable energy source with significant global potential. Together with heat distribution networks, it can provide clean thermal energy to individual and commercial consumers. However, peaks in heat demand can require additional peaking sources at times. In this paper, we investigated how wind turbines can act as a peak energy source for a geothermal district heating system. We studied a model consisting of a geothermal heat source, a heat storage and wind power generator using historical weather data of Warsaw (Poland) and showed that wind power could increase the renewable share to supply a considerable heat demand compared to a geothermal heat source alone. The results indicate that wind power can be a suitable complement for a geothermal heat source to provide energy for heating. It is shown that a theoretical geo-wind-thermal storage based district heating network supplying 1000 m2, which requires 100 W/m2 at an outdoor temperature of −20 °C should have the following parameters: 4.8 MWh of thermal energy storage capacity, 45 kW of geothermal capacity and 5 kW of wind capacity. Such a system would ensure minimal wind curtailment, high utilization of geothermal source and high reliability of supply.

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Techno-Economic Assessment of Mobilized Thermal Energy Storage System Using Geothermal Source in Polish Conditions

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13133404 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (13) ◽

pp. 3404 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dominika Matuszewska ◽

Marta Kuta ◽

Piotr Olczak

Keyword(s):

Energy Storage ◽

Heat Source ◽

Storage System ◽

Economic Assessment ◽

Energy Storage System ◽

Geothermal Heat ◽

Indirect Contact ◽

Storage Container ◽

Charging Station ◽

Heat Demand

The paper considers technical and economic possibilities to provide geothermal heat to individual recipients using a mobile thermal storage system (M-TES) in Polish conditions. The heat availability, temperature and heat cost influence the choice of location—Bańska Niżna, near Zakopane in the southern part of the Poland. The indirect contact energy storage container was selected with phase change material characterized by a melting temperature of 70 °C and a heat storage capacity of 250 kJ/kg, in the amount of 800 kg. The economic profitability of the M-TES system (with a price per warehouse of 6000 EUR, i.e., a total of 12,000 EUR—two containers are needed) can be achieved for a heat demand of 5000 kWh/year with the price of a replaced heat source at the level of 0.21 EUR/kWh and a distance between the charging station and building (heat recipient) of 0.5 km. For the heat demand of 15,000 kWh/year, the price for the replaced heat reached EUR 0.11/kWh, and the same distance. In turn, for a demand of 25,000 kWh/year, the price of the replaced heat source reached 0.085 EUR/kWh. The distance significantly affected the economic profitability of the M-TES system—for the analyzed case, a distance around 3–4 km from the heat source should be considered.

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