scholarly journals Biogeography of Mammals in Rocky Mountain National Parks

1991 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
Susan Glenn ◽  
Brian Chapman ◽  
Rebecca Rudman ◽  
Ian Butler
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Effective Area ◽  
Habitat Diversity ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Local Extinctions ◽  
Equilibrium Number

The equilibrium theory of island biogeography proposes that on an island of a given area, there exists an equilibrium number of species when the rates of immigration and local extinction of species are equal (MacArthur and Wilson 1967). This theory has been applied to park systems because parks may act as functional islands when surrounding unprotected land is cleared of natural vegetation. Alteration of these surrounding habitats isolates these parks and reduces the effective area, causing a decrease in the equilibrium number of species. In animal communities, this process is called faunal collapse (Soule et al. 1979).The effects of park isolation and faunal collapse have been studied for mammals in Rocky Mountain parks (Picton 1979, Newmark 1986, Glenn and Nudds 1989). In western U.S. parks, extinctions were more numerous in smaller or older parks (Newmark 1987). Area, topographic diversity, and habitat diversity have been correlated with mammal species richness in western North American parks (Picton 1979, Newmark 1986). Initial population size was also related to the extinction probability of a species (Newmark 1986). It has been proposed that all parks in a region are subject to similar factors influencing local extinctions, and therefore a similar suite of species should become locally extinct in all parks (Patterson and Atmar 1986, Patterson 1987). This means that a nested subset pattern is produced, where parks with low species richness contain mainly species already present in parks with high species richness. This pattern was not found for Canadian parks, where even small parks contained different species assemblages (Glenn 1990). The objectives of this three-year study are to: (i) identify mammal species that have become locally extinct in each of the Rocky Mountain National Parks; (ii) distinguish between hypotheses regarding the causes of these local extinctions in National Parks; (iii) determine if the same species become locally extinct in all parks; and (iv) identify potential sites for future protection of species prone to extinction.

Organisation de la richesse et de la composition floristiques d'îles de la Méditerranée occidentale (sud-est de la France)

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Médail ◽  
Éric Vidal
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Habitat Diversity ◽  
Mediterranean Islands ◽  
Plant Dispersal ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Continental Islands ◽  
Species Area ◽  
Species Area Relationship

The effects of physiographic variables (area, isolation, elevation, and substrate) and habitat diversity on plant species richness and composition have been investigated on some Mediterranean islands (southeastern France). The number of species - area relationship is significant but there are more diverse vegetation patterns on smallest islands (area smaller than 3.5 ha and, ultimately, 0.2 ha). Although the species composition is positively correlated to the distance from the continent, the effect of isolation is not so obvious because of the small distance of these continental islands from the continent. Some islands nearest to shore show very different plant species composition, suggesting a nonselective plant dispersal through some narrow stretches of sea. Habitat diversity represents one of the major explanatory factors of the species richness; nevertheless, it is not possible to settle between the two hypotheses effect of habitat diversity versus effect of area per se because of the correlation between the two factors. Key words: Mediterranean islands, insular biogeography, number of species - area relationship, isolation, habitat diversity, islets.

scholarly journals NONVOLANT MAMMALS IN A FRAGMENT OF ARBOREAL CAATINGA IN NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (04) ◽  
pp. 894-903
Author(s):  
Izar Aximoff ◽  
◽  
John Philip Medcraft ◽  
Anthony Caravaggi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
The State ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Sheep Breeding ◽  
Active Search ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Mammal Fauna ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

The state of Paraiba is one of those with the most degraded Caatinga that presents the large gap of knowledge concerning the mammal fauna. Mammals are among the taxa most affected by this. In this sense, we evaluated non-volant mammals’ richness and composition between March 2013 and February 2020 in a Caatinga fragment (121 ha). We used active search (336 hours) and camera traps (1,200 night traps). We recorded 20 species, including four threatened ones. Carnivora was the most representative order (7 species), followed by Rodentia (4 species). The richness of non-volant mammals found represents 35.6 % of the total number of such species in the Caatinga. This species richness is greater than that found in other studies in the state. The presence of these mammal species was mainly due to the recovering vegetation that resulted from the great planting effort and also due to cessation of hunt, cattle and sheep breeding that had existed on the farm for over thirty years. Our findings highlight the importance of this particular reserve due to the large number of species registered.

scholarly journals The Herpetofauna of the Tsitsikamma Coastal and Forest National Parks

Koedoe ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
W.R. Branch ◽  
N. Hanekom
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
National Park ◽  
Sea Turtles ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Habitat Diversity ◽  
Check List ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Number Of Factors

An annotated check list of the herpetofauna of the Tsitsikamma National Parks is given. A total of 38 species, comprising 6 chelonians (2 tortoises, 4 sea turtles), 8 lizards, 11 snakes and 13 amphibians have been collected within the parks. The diversity of the Tsitsikamma Coastal National Park is greater than that of the Tsitsikamma Forest National Park. This is due to a number of factors, including more intensive collecting, greater area and habitat diversity, and the presence of 5 marine species. The parks are important reserves for a number of species endemic to the southern coastal region, including Bradypodion damaranum, Cordylus coeruleopunctatus, Breviceps fuscus and Afrixalus knysnae. An appendix lists a number of additional species that can still be expected to occur within the parks.

scholarly journals Biogeography of Mammals in Rocky Mountain National Parks

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 23-24
Author(s):  
Susan Glenn ◽  
Ian Butler ◽  
Brian Chapman ◽  
Rebecca Rudman
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Regional Office ◽  
Cd Rom ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Elevation Data ◽  
Park Service ◽  
Species Lists ◽  
Data Layers

The first phase of the project was to determine which mammal species may have gone locally extinct from the national parks and which of these extinctions were in populations at the edge of their range. Susan Glenn met with Robert Schiller in the NPS Regional Office in Denver in July 1992. During this meeting, the validity of the park species lists was discussed. Only verified species records were being used and some groups of species had not been thoroughly inventoried in many of the parks. Species lists have not been obtained from some parks. Problems in species lists has been documented by the National Park Service (Stohlgren and Quinn 1992). Therefore, it cannot be assumed that all species that are missing from the park lists have gone locally extinct. Species habitat requirements are being analyzed to determine if the parks are likely to maintain populations of the missing species. We acquired 3-arc second digital elevation data of the study area from Rocky Mountain Communications Inc. on CD-ROM. This data was merged for the Rocky Mountain region of the project. A VHRR satellite data has been obtained for mapping land cover. These auxiliary data layers will be used to refine the mammal distribution maps. In order to use these data, we have developed a database in dBase on habitat, and elevation range tolerance of each species. Brian Chapman, Warren Drummond and Susan Glenn visited several parks to obtain habitat information and verify species lists.

scholarly journals Effects of habitat fragmentation on the persistence of medium and large mammal species in the Brazilian Savanna of Goiás State

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ednaldo Cândido Rocha ◽  
Daniel Brito ◽  
Paulo Machado e Silva ◽  
Jhefferson Silva ◽  
Paulo Vitor dos Santos Bernardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Habitat Loss ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Habitat Amount ◽  
Large Mammal ◽  
Local Extinctions ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Current Species

Abstract: Habitat loss and fragmentation are the main threats to the conservation of Cerrado biodiversity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the implications of habitat loss on the persistence of medium and large mammal species, considering the spatial and temporal changes (years 1985, 2000 and 2014) to the evaluated fragments. The study was carried out in 14 fragments (10.5 - 618 ha), located in Southeastern Goiás, Brazil. Records for 24 mammal species were obtained and revealed the two sites with the largest habitat amount in the landscape contained higher species richness than the remaining sites. The three mammal groups based on body mass (weight < 5 kg; weight between 5 and 20 kg; and weight > 20 kg) analyzed in this study showed different responses regarding landscape changes. For larger mammals (between 5 - 20 kg and > 20 kg), there was significant association between current species richness and the amount of habitat in 2014, while the species richness of smaller mammals did not significantly correlate with any of the variables assessed for any of the years. Therefore, the amount of habitat present within the current landscape was the most important variable regarding mammal species richness, especially for the larger species. The time lag was not evident at the time scale evaluated, and this delay in response may have occurred in a relatively short time (< 15 years). For the remaining fragments in the studied landscapes, most are too small to support populations of some larger mammal species and may also leave individuals more vulnerable to anthropogenic actions (e.g. hunting), whose effects may accelerate local extinctions.

scholarly journals Assessing mammal species richness and occupancy in a Northeast Asian temperate forest shared by cattle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiawei Feng ◽  
Yifei Sun ◽  
Hailong Li ◽  
Yuqi Xiao ◽  
Dandan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Northeast Asian

Diversity and distribution of large branchiopods in Kiskunság (Hungary) in relation to local habitat and spatial factors: implications for their conservation

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liesbet Boven ◽  
Bram Vanschoenwinkel ◽  
Els R. De Roeck ◽  
Ann Hulsmans ◽  
Luc Brendonck
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Habitat Diversity ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Species Dispersal ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Spatial Factors ◽  
Large Branchiopods

Large branchiopods are threatened worldwide by the loss and degradation of their temporary aquatic habitats owing to drainage and intensive agriculture. Sound ecological knowledge of their diversity and distribution is a prerequisite to formulate effective conservation measures. In the present study, large branchiopods were collected from 82 temporary freshwater pools belonging to five habitat types in Kiskunság (Hungary). Dormant propagule bank analysis complemented the field survey. Eleven species were found, with large branchiopods occurring in more than half of the study systems. The high regional species richness and occurrence frequency of large branchiopods make Kiskunság a true ‘hot spot’ of large branchiopod diversity. The local environment was more important than spatial factors (isolation) in explaining the presence of the most common species. Dispersal was most likely not limiting for the large branchiopods in the study area and colonisation success of different species was differentially affected by local conditions, possibly invertebrate predation risk and hydroperiod. Meadow pools and wheel tracks contributed most to regional species richness through the presence of rare and exclusive species. To conserve branchiopod diversity, we stress the importance of high habitat diversity in the landscape and the need to conserve neglected habitats such as wheel tracks.

scholarly journals Species richness and diversity in shrub savanna using ordinary kriging

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 958-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anderson Pedro Bernardina Batista ◽  
José Márcio de Mello ◽  
Marcel Régis Raimundo ◽  
Henrique Ferraço Scolforo ◽  
Aliny Aparecida dos Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Ordinary Kriging ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Spatial Models ◽  
Shannon Diversity Index ◽  
Shannon Diversity ◽  
Species Richness And Diversity ◽  
Number Of Species

Abstract: The objective of this work was to analyze the spatial distribution and the behavior of species richness and diversity in a shrub savanna fragment, in 2003 and 2014, using ordinary kriging, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. In both evaluation years, the measurements were performed in a fragment with 236.85 hectares, in which individual trees were measured and identified across 40 plots (1,000 m2). Species richness was determined by the total number of species in each plot, and diversity by the Shannon diversity index. For the variogram study, spatial models were fitted and selected. Then, ordinary kriging was applied and the spatial distribution of the assessed variables was described. A strong spatial dependence was observed between species richness and diversity by the Shannon diversity index (<25% spatial dependence degree). Areas of low and high species diversity and richness were found in the shrub savanna fragment. Spatial distribution behavior shows relative stability regarding the number of species and the Shannon diversity index in the evaluated years.

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