Diversity and distribution of large branchiopods in Kiskunság (Hungary) in relation to local habitat and spatial factors: implications for their conservation

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liesbet Boven ◽  
Bram Vanschoenwinkel ◽  
Els R. De Roeck ◽  
Ann Hulsmans ◽  
Luc Brendonck
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Habitat Diversity ◽  
Ecological Knowledge ◽  
Species Dispersal ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Spatial Factors ◽  
Large Branchiopods

Large branchiopods are threatened worldwide by the loss and degradation of their temporary aquatic habitats owing to drainage and intensive agriculture. Sound ecological knowledge of their diversity and distribution is a prerequisite to formulate effective conservation measures. In the present study, large branchiopods were collected from 82 temporary freshwater pools belonging to five habitat types in Kiskunság (Hungary). Dormant propagule bank analysis complemented the field survey. Eleven species were found, with large branchiopods occurring in more than half of the study systems. The high regional species richness and occurrence frequency of large branchiopods make Kiskunság a true ‘hot spot’ of large branchiopod diversity. The local environment was more important than spatial factors (isolation) in explaining the presence of the most common species. Dispersal was most likely not limiting for the large branchiopods in the study area and colonisation success of different species was differentially affected by local conditions, possibly invertebrate predation risk and hydroperiod. Meadow pools and wheel tracks contributed most to regional species richness through the presence of rare and exclusive species. To conserve branchiopod diversity, we stress the importance of high habitat diversity in the landscape and the need to conserve neglected habitats such as wheel tracks.

scholarly journals Structure of three subtropical bat assemblages (Chiroptera) in the Andean rainforests of Argentina

Mammalia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariano S. Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Guild Structure ◽  
Trophic Guild ◽  
Long Tail ◽  
Mist Net ◽  
Yungas Forests

AbstractI evaluated bat assemblages in terms of species richness, relative abundance, trophic guild structure, and seasonal changes at three sites along of the Southern Yungas forests. A total of 854 individuals were captured, representing 25 species of three families, with an effort of 27,138 m of mist net opened per hour. Subtropical assemblages showed a similar structure to those from tropical landmark, with a dominance of frugivorous Phyllostomid; in addition, a few species were abundant, followed by a long tail of less common species. However, subtropical sites differed due to the dominance of the genus

scholarly journals The pitfalls of biodiversity proxies: Differences in richness patterns of birds, trees and understudied diversity across Amazonia

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila D. Ritter ◽  
Søren Faurby ◽  
Dominic J. Bennett ◽  
Luciano N. Naka ◽  
Hans ter Steege ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Taxonomic Group ◽  
Diversity Gradients ◽  
Richness Patterns ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Micro Organisms

AbstractMost knowledge on biodiversity derives from the study of charismatic macro-organisms, such as birds and trees. However, the diversity of micro-organisms constitutes the majority of all life forms on Earth. Here, we ask if the patterns of richness inferred for macro-organisms are similar for micro-organisms. For this, we barcoded samples of soil, litter and insects from four localities on a west-to-east transect across Amazonia. We quantified richness as Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) in those samples using three molecular markers. We then compared OTU richness with species richness of two relatively well-studied organism groups in Amazonia: trees and birds. We find that OTU richness shows a declining west-to-east diversity gradient that is in agreement with the species richness patterns documented here and previously for birds and trees. These results suggest that most taxonomic groups respond to the same overall diversity gradients at large spatial scales. However, our results show a different pattern of richness in relation to habitat types, suggesting that the idiosyncrasies of each taxonomic group and peculiarities of the local environment frequently override large-scale diversity gradients. Our findings caution against using the diversity distribution of one taxonomic group as an indication of patterns of richness across all groups.

scholarly journals Research on General Programming Environment Technology Based on Web

2018 ◽  
Vol 232 ◽  
pp. 01040
Author(s):  
Liu Yu
Keyword(s):  
Programming Languages ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Programming Environment ◽  
Online Experiments ◽  
C Language ◽  
Java Language ◽  
Online Platforms ◽  
Education Industry ◽  
Programming Solution

As the MOOC develops, many users have begun to gradually like and get used to programming learning on the MOOC platform, so virtual online experiments have become a hot spot in the online programming education industry, which is also known as online IDE or online programming environment. Compared with the traditional programming environment, the online programming environment does not require a complicated establishment of local environment, making it easy to be used. At the same time, the online programming environment can also be integrated into the MOOC for learning, and can also be combined with OJ for evaluation. However, the existing online programming environment usually only supports few programming languages, such as C language and Java language. Even some online platforms only have the online compiling function with one language. Based on the above phenomena, this paper will propose a general online programming solution. And based on the idea, a platform that supports multi-language online compiling function is built through simple code writing and the construction of server environment.

Distribution of moss-inhabiting diatoms along an altitudinal gradient at sub-Antarctic Îles Kerguelen

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niek J.M. Gremmen ◽  
Bart van de Vijver ◽  
Yves Frenot ◽  
Marc Lebouvier
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Altitudinal Gradient ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Diatom Species ◽  
Expected Species Richness

Altitudinal gradients provide excellent opportunities to study relationships between species distribution and climatic variables. We studied the species composition of 39 samples of moss-inhabiting diatoms, collected at 50 m intervals from 100–650 m above sea level. The samples contained a total of 130 diatom species, of which 51 occurred in 10 or more samples. Altitude appeared to be the most important variable explaining variation in species composition. Of the 51 common species, 33 showed a significant relationship with altitude. Although the majority of the latter declined with increasing altitude, for nine species the probability of occurrence first increased with increasing elevation, but decreased again at higher altitudes, and four species increased systematically with elevation. As a result, expected species richness per sample decreased from an estimated 43 at 100 m to 25 species per sample at 650 m. Diatom distribution patterns proved to be suitable predictors of the altitudinal position of sample sites. Cross-validation yielded a strong relationship between predicted and observed altitudes.

Forty years of dietary studies on barn owl (Tyto alba) reveal long term trends in diversity metrics of small mammal prey

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuliano Milana ◽  
Luca Luiselli ◽  
Giovanni Amori
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Barn Owl ◽  
Tyto Alba ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThe diet of predators is influenced by local conditions (e.g., characteristics of habitat and microhabitat, seasonality, prey availability) and therefore tends to change across time. In this paper, the diet composition of the barn owl (Tyto alba) in Italy was studied using a meta-analysis of 47 articles (covering 212 independent sites, with multiple surveys for some sites, thus giving a total of 290 datasets) between 1972 and 2012. General Linear Models were used to assess the effects of year and study site on four distinct diversity indices (species richness, dominance, Shannon-Weaver diversity and equitability). The year of data collection was a factor used in all analyses. Year had a greater effect than study site on all diversity indices, but the effect was not significant for the evenness and the species richness. However, dietary dominance increased significantly over the years, the Shannon-Weaver index of diversity decreased significantly over time, and equitability also decreased significantly over time. The relative abundance of various species of rodents did not increase/decrease progressively over the years, although there were inter-annual fluctuations. On the other hand, the relative abundance of insectivores tended to decrease with time, and there was a significantly negative correlation between year and the frequency of consumption of Sorex spp. and a marginally significant negative correlation for Crocidura leucodon.

scholarly journals Vacant Bivalve Boreholes Increase Invertebrate Species Richness in a Physically Harsh, Low Intertidal Platform

Diversity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Bagur ◽  
Jorge Gutiérrez ◽  
Lorena Arribas ◽  
M. Palomo
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Intertidal Zone ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Sediment Trapping ◽  
Abiotic Conditions ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Invertebrate Species ◽  
Strong Adhesion ◽  
Prevalent Species

Ecosystem engineers can modulate harsh abiotic conditions, thus creating habitat for species that cannot withstand the local environment. In this study, we investigated if vacant boreholes created by the rock-boring bivalve Petricola dactylus increase species richness in the low intertidal zone of a Patagonian rocky shore characterized by intense hydrodynamic forcing and sediment scour. Invertebrate species richness was three times higher in engineered than unengineered habitats (i.e., with and without Petricola boreholes, respectively) and the increase in species richness was area-independent. The most prevalent species in unengineered areas showed strong adhesion mechanisms, whereas infaunal and vagile species were mostly restricted to boreholes. The positive influence of engineered microhabitats on species richness can largely be attributed to amelioration of physical conditions, particularly a reduction in hydrodynamic forces and sediment trapping/stabilization within boreholes. We conclude that vacant boreholes are essential microhabitats for the maintenance of biodiversity within the otherwise inhospitable low intertidal zone.

scholarly journals Reptile fauna of the Katse Dam catchment area and a biogeographical assessment of species composition in the Lesotho Highlands

Koedoe ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Ie F.N. Mouton ◽  
J.H. Van Wyk
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
The Other ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Species Dispersal ◽  
Lizard Species ◽  
Generalist Species ◽  
Central Highland ◽  
Reproductive Cycles

A survey of the reptile fauna of the Katse Dam catchment area in the Lesotho Highlands was conducted to assess the possible impact of the dam, once it is full, on reptile populations in the area. With only seven lizard and five snake species recorded to date, species richness in the catchment area is much lower than expected. It is inferred that species richness in the western and central districts of the Lesotho Highlands in general, is low, emphasising the role of the Drakensberg-Maluti mountain complex as a barrier to species dispersal. The reptile fauna of the western/central highland areas is primarily composed of widespread generalist species. The eastern highland areas, on the other hand, have a substantial endemic component. indicating the greater potential of these areas as a conservatory of geographical isolates. The direct impact of the Katse Dam on the local reptile fauna is expected to be minimal. Snake numbers are low in the catchment area and this may be the result of human impact. Reproductive cycles of the lizard species in the catchment area do not differ from the cycles of the same species at lower altitudes elsewhere.

Hot-Spot Facts and Artifacts-Questioning Israel's Great Biodiversity

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uri Roll ◽  
Lewi Stone ◽  
Shai Meiri
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Prediction Intervals ◽  
Predicting Factors ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Species Area ◽  
Expected Values ◽  
Species Area Relationship

Israel's biological diversity has been praised as being particularly rich in relation to its size; however this assumption was never tested when taking into account the empirical form of the species-area relationship. Here we compared the species richness of different countries to see if the Israeli diversity is exceptionally rich when area is accurately accounted for. We compared richness of amphibians, birds, mammals, reptiles, flowering plants, conifers and cycads, and ferns in all the world's countries. We further tested the effects of mean latitude, altitude span, and insularity on species richness both for all world countries and just for Mediterranean countries. For all taxa and in all tests, Israel lies within the prediction intervals of the models. Out of 42 tests, Israel's residuals lie in the upper decile of positive residuals once: for reptiles, when compared to all world countries, taking all predicting factors into account. Using only countries larger than 1000 km2, Israel was placed as top residual when compared to other Mediterranean countries for mammals and reptiles. We therefore conclude that Israel's species richness does not significantly exceed the expected values for a country its size. This is true when comparing it to either world or just Mediterranean countries. Adding more predicting factors does not change this fact.

Species distribution and antifungal susceptibility of invasive Candida isolates from Canadian hospitals: results of the CANWARD 2011–16 study

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. iv48-iv54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Fuller ◽  
Tanis C Dingle ◽  
Amy Bull ◽  
Sandy Shokoples ◽  
Michel Laverdière ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Distribution ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Candida Guilliermondii ◽  
Antifungal Stewardship ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
Ongoing Surveillance

AbstractObjectivesUnderstanding the epidemiology of invasive Candida infections is essential to patient management decisions and antifungal stewardship practices. This study characterized the species distribution and antifungal susceptibilities of prospectively collected isolates of Candida species causing bloodstream infections (BSIs) in patients admitted to tertiary care hospitals located in 14 cities across 8 of the 10 Canadian provinces between 2011 and 2016.MethodsAntifungal susceptibility testing was performed by broth microdilution using CLSI methods, breakpoints and epidemiological cut-off values. DNA sequencing of fks loci was performed on all echinocandin-non-susceptible isolates.ResultsCandida albicans (49.6%), Candida glabrata (20.8%) and Candida parapsilosis complex (12.0%) were the most common species out of 1882 isolates associated with BSIs. Candida tropicalis (5.2%), Candida krusei (4.3%), Candida dubliniensis (4.1%), Candida lusitaniae (1.4%) and Candida guilliermondii (1.1%) were less frequently isolated. Between 2011 and 2016, the proportion of C. albicans significantly decreased from 60.9% to 42.1% (P < 0.0001) while that of C. glabrata significantly increased from 16.4% to 22.4% (P = 0.023). C. albicans (n = 934), C. glabrata (n = 392) and C. parapsilosis complex (n = 225) exhibited 0.6%, 1.0% and 4.9% resistance to fluconazole and 0.1%, 2.5% and 0% resistance to micafungin, respectively. Mutations in fks hot-spot regions were confirmed in all nine micafungin non-susceptible C. glabrata.ConclusionsAntifungal resistance in contemporary isolates of Candida causing BSIs in Canada is uncommon. However, the proportion of C. glabrata isolates has increased and echinocandin resistance in this species has emerged. Ongoing surveillance of local hospital epidemiology and appropriate antifungal stewardship practices are necessary to preserve the utility of available antifungal agents.

scholarly journals Small mammal assemblage in beaver-modified habitats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janne Sundell ◽  
Wenfei Liao ◽  
Petri Nummi
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammal ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Ecosystem Engineer ◽  
Castor Canadensis ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Habitat Diversity ◽  
Myodes Glareolus ◽  
Positive Interactions ◽  
The North

Abstract One of the less studied positive interactions among organisms is facilitation. Facilitation may have significant impact on diversity of species especially in low productive environments. We studied the effects of well-known facilitator and ecosystem engineer, the North American beaver (Castor canadensis), on small mammal assemblages in the boreal zone. The small mammals, namely voles, mice, and shrews, were trapped over 2 years in ten beaver-modified habitats and in ten control sites. Contrary to our expectations, we did not observe any differences between species or individual numbers between beaver-modified and control sites. However, there were differences in species composition between sites; grass-eating field voles (Microtus agrestis) and invertebrate-eating shrews (Sorex araneus, Neomys fodiens) tended to be more common in beaver sites while forest-dwelling wood lemmings (Myopus schisticolor) and yellow-necked mice (Apodemus flavicollis) were only captured in control sites. The most common species in both habitats was the bank vole (Myodes glareolus), which is a generalist in its habitat requirements. The bank vole’s population structures were similar between the two habitat types. The actions of beavers in water bodies within boreal forests seem to have no effect on the small mammal diversity and their numbers at the regional scale but may have positive effect on them at the larger landscape level as beavers are increasing the overall habitat diversity in the landscape.

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