scholarly journals Sodium Nitroprusside Improves Performance of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Under Salt Stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 603-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahid Khorshid Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Sodium Nitroprusside ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
No Donor ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Soil salinity creates osmotic and ionic stress in plants that result in the suppressed water and nutrients status in plants leading to reduced growth and yield of crop plants. Although, plants activate their defense system to counter various stresses but this defense system has limitations. Therefore, it is highly desirable to manipulate the plant’s cellular system to counter the detrimental effects of stresses efficiently. Nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to act as an important signaling molecule which plays vital role in growth and development of plants and plays important role in the responses of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses. Keeping in view the vital roles of NO in plants, the present experiment was performed to study the impact of NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on growth, physiological and biochemical parameters of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Sahrawi) plants grown under 200 mM NaCl. The results showed that salt-stressed plants accumulated higher levels of proline (Pro) and glycine betaine (GB) and showed enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes viz. superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX) and catalase (CAT) as compared with the control plants. But increase in osmolytes and enzyme activities could not protect the plants from NaCl-induced damage and exhibited enhanced H2O2 and O2−· content, TBARS and electrolyte leakage. All these alterations negatively affected growth (fresh and dry weight of shoot and root), and physiological and biochemical parameters [leaf chlorophyll (Chl) content, carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity and leaf relative water content (LRWC)] of stressed plants. However, NaCl-stressed plants treated with the NO donor, SNP, exhibited enhanced synthesis of Pro and GB content and activities of antioxidant enzymes that resulted in reduced H2O2 and O2−· content, TBARS and electrolyte leakage and enhanced CA activity, leaf Chl content and LRWC. Application of SNP to salt-stressed plants also improved growth characteristics. On the contrary, application of NO scavenger cPTIO [2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide] along with SNP and NaCl suppressed the effect of NO and resulted in poor defense against salinity.

scholarly journals Physiological and biochemical responses of seedlings of six contrasting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars grown under salt-stressed conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1020-1031
Author(s):  
Jitendra Kumar Sharma ◽  
Monika Sihmar ◽  
Anita Rani Santal ◽  
Nater Pal Singh
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Pca Analysis ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Salt Susceptible ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Salinity stress affects plant growth and development and underlying metabolisms. To mitigate the effects of the stress, plants responded by changing their physiological and biochemical activities and withstand the stress. The present study aimed to determine barley's (Hordeum vulgare L.)  physiological and biochemical response to salinity stress conditions for 7 days and 14 days. Six barley cultivars (Alfa93, DWRB73, DL88, NB1, NB3, NDB1173) were grown under controlled conditions, and different level of salinity stress was applied. In addition, seedling growth, physiological and biochemical parameters, plant leaves RWC, and electrolyte leakage were analyzed. The overall seedling growth, RWC, and electrolyte leakage in salt susceptible lines Alfa93 and DWRB73 were low than the salt-tolerant barley lines (DL88, NB1, NB3, and NDB1173). Electrolyte leakage was 26.0 and 20.6% in Alfa93 and DWRB73, whereas it was 17.6, 14.6, 15.3, and 10.4% in DL88, NB1, NB3, and NDB1173, respectively at 300 mM salinity stress.  The loss of photosynthetic pigments under salt stress was high in susceptible lines, salinity treated (300 mM NaCl) Alfa93 plants exhibit 49.5% and 59.5% of Chl-a than control plants after 7 and 14 days of treatment, respectively. However, at 300 mM stress level, NB1 (ST) showed less Chl-a loss after 7 days, whereas NDB1173 showed less reduction in Chl-a after 14 days.  Antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, POX, CAT, and APX activities in susceptible line Alfa93 and DWRB73 were lower than tolerant lines. PCA analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between antioxidant enzyme activities and genotypes under salinity stress. PCA analysis described DL88 as the most tolerant, and DWRB73 was the most salt susceptible genotype among the studied barley genotypes. The present findings suggest that barley cultivars' physiological and biochemical activities under salinity stress conditions may be used to screen salt-tolerant crops.

scholarly journals Physiological and biochemical reactions of Hordeum vulgare seedlings to the action of silver nanoparticles

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. O. Khromykh ◽  
L. V. Shupranova ◽  
Y. V. Lykholat ◽  
V. S. Bil’chuk ◽  
V. S. Fedenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Systems ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Morphometrical indexes, and spectrophotometrically measured protein and glutathione (GSH, GSSG) contents and activity of peroxidase (POD, EC 1.11.1.7), glutathione-reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2) and glutathione S-transferase (GST, EС 2.5.1.18) were examined in Hordeum vulgare L. seedlings after 0.01 and 0.1 mg/l AgNPs treatment during 24 h. We tested the hypothesis that the action of nanoparticles has a stressful effect on the physiological and biochemical processes of seedlings. Growth of roots was inhibited and fresh weight decreased by 29% and 21% under low and high concentrations respectively. Conversely, leaf growth was intensified, and leaf length (16% and 18%) and fresh weight (35% and 44%) increased at low and high concentrations respectively. POD activity in roots increased by 26% and 7%, and decreased in leaves to 57% and 81% of control at low and high concentrations respectively. GSH content changed insignificantly, but GSSG content increased in roots (2 and 2.5-fold) and in leaves (13% and 30%) at both AgNPs concentrations. GSH/GSSG-ratio decreased in roots (1.9 and 2.6-fold) and in leaves (1.1 and 1.3-fold) at low and high concentrations respectively. GR activity decreased at a concentration of 0.01 mg/l (7% in roots and 17% in leaves respectively) and increased at 0.1 mg/l (52% in roots and 6% in leaves). GST activity increased in leaves (52% and 78% at low and high concentrations) but decreased by 17% in roots under high concentration of nanosilver. Thus, the action of AgNPs on barley seedlings had a dose-dependent and organ-specific character. The various directions of changes in growth, metabolic processes and activity of antioxidant defense systems appear to be a stress response of barley seedlings to the impact of AgNPs, which underlines the necessity of detailed study of plant intracellular processes exposed to the action of nanomaterial. 

Physiological and biochemical response of soil-grown barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) to cerium oxide nanoparticles

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 10551-10558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyren M. Rico ◽  
Ana C. Barrios ◽  
Wenjuan Tan ◽  
Rosnah Rubenecia ◽  
Sang Chul Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Cerium Oxide ◽  
Biochemical Response ◽  
Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

scholarly journals Foliar Application of Boron Improves the Growth and Yield in Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Shafiq AHMAD ◽  
Taqi RAZA ◽  
Shakeel IMRAN ◽  
Neal S. EASH ◽  
Nawab KHAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Seed Index ◽  
The Impact

Crop productivity is limited by several environmental constraints. Among these, micronutrients availability to plants plays a key role in agricultural crops production. Boron is an important micronutrient for crops and it significantly aids in a grain setting. Soil applied boron become unavailable to plant due to fixation in soil sites and cause nutrients deficiency in plants, immature grain settings, and yield reduction. Thus, the aim of this work was to quantify the impact of the foliar application of boron gradients on the yield and growth of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Five treatments were studied, which included; T1= Control (0% B), T2 = 0.5% B, T3 = 1% B, T4 =1.5% B, and T5 =2% B. The results indicated that foliar application of B significantly increased the yield and growth traits in barley. However, 2% foliar application of B showed the highest value for all studied traits including; plant height (5.6%), number of tillers per plant (2.4%), spike length (32%), weight gain per spike (6.2%), seed index (6%), grain yield (10%), and biological yield (4%). Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the foliar application of B at 2% can be used to improve the growth and yield in barley.

Farmer-directed on-farm experimentation examining the impact of companion planting barley and oats on timothyalfalfa forage establishment in central Newfoundland

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Spaner and A. G. Todd
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

Oats (Avena sativa L.) or barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) sown at increasing seeding rates of 23, 45 and 68 kg ha-1 with a timothy (Phleum pratense L.)-alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) mixture (harvested at cereal soft dough) resulted in increasing forage yields containing decreasing alfalfa, crude protein, P and Ca percentage in the planting year. Barley out-yielded oats by 11% in the planting year. Oats or barley sown at seeding rates up to 68 kg ha-1 do not impede underseeded forage establishment or forage production in the subsequent year in central Newfoundland. The implications of farmer-directed on-farm experimentation are discussed. Key words: Hordeum vulgare L., Avena sativa L., Phleum pratense L, Medicago sativa L., underseeding

scholarly journals Influence of Integrated Approach of Azotobacter and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Various Morpho-Physiological and Biochemical Parameters of Brassica Oleracea L. var. capitata

2021 ◽  
Vol Special Issue (1) ◽  
pp. 68-77
Author(s):  
Peer Saffeullah ◽  
Neelofer Nabi ◽  
Shahid Umar
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Seedling Inoculation ◽  
Synthetic Fertilizers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

This study was formulated to evaluate the impact of bacterization with Azotobacter of two cabbage genotypes (Pusa Early golden acre and Pusa drum head) under field conditions. The study was performed in herbal garden of Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi. The plants were treated with graded treatments (60,120,180 kg N ha-1) of N alone and in combination with seedling inoculation withAzotobacter. The plants were sampled and tested for various morpho-physiological and biochemical parameters. Chlorophyll content, NR activity, protein content, sugar content and phenol content was found to be significantly higher in plants treated with N in combination in Azotobacter. Thus, the use of Azotobacteras a supplement or biofertilizer in integrated nutrient management systems was highly recommended to minimize the application rates of synthetic fertilizers and attain the goal of sustainable agriculture.

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