scholarly journals Design of a Low Voltage DC Mini-grid for Isolated Healthcare Centres

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishnu Dhinakaran ◽  
K Akash ◽  
Rakshaa Viswanathan ◽  
S. Arul Daniel ◽  
A. Rakesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Fuel Prices ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Primary Healthcare Centre

Primary healthcare centres are essential to any inhabited place in the world. A lack of electrical power from the grid should not be a reason for people in remote rural areas to miss out on basic healthcare. In developing countries like India, rural healthcare centres usually have intermittent or no grid supply and run on diesel generator-based electricity or other conventional sources, if at all there are such centres established. This, however, contributes to environmental degradation and is also expensive to maintain, considering fluctuating fuel prices. To turn the dependence on renewable energy sources like photovoltaics would pave the way to sustainable energy production and utilization, which costs less in the long run. This research work aims at designing an islanded low voltage DC solar mini-grid that will provide enough power to sustain a primary healthcare centre that has less to no access to the national grid. Previous works in this context tend to rely on varying extents of intermittent supply from the national grid, which may not be the reality in most Indian rural areas. Additionally, an unreliable source of power from the grid which is also difficult to predict would make sensitive and important loads less accessible.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Energy Cooperatives Operating on the Capacity Market

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3226
Author(s):  
Jakub Jasiński ◽  
Mariusz Kozakiewicz ◽  
Maciej Sołtysik
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Coal Consumption ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Capacity Market

The European Green Deal aims to make Europe the world’s first climate-neutral continent by 2050 by shifting to a clean circular economy, combating biodiversity loss and reducing pollution levels. In Poland, whose economy invariably remains one of the most dependent on coal consumption in Europe, institutional responses to the above EU objectives have taken the shape of energy cooperatives aimed at filling the gaps in the development of the civic dimension of energy on a local scale and the use of potential renewable energy sources in rural areas, including in relation to the agricultural sector. This article is a continuation of the authors’ previous research work, which has so far focused on the analysis of the development of profitability of Polish institutions that fit into the European idea of a “local energy community”, which includes energy cooperatives. In this research paper, they present the results of subsequent research work and analyses performed on the basis of it which, on the one hand, complement the previously developed optimization model with variables concerning actual energy storage and, on the other hand, analyze the profitability of the operation of energy cooperatives in the conditions of the “capacity market”. The latter was actually introduced in Poland at the beginning of 2021. The research took account of the characteristics of energy producers and consumers in rural areas of Poland, the legally defined rules for the operation of the capacity market and the institutional conditions for the operation of energy cooperatives that can use the potential of energy storage. A dedicated mathematical model in mixed integer programming technology was used, enriched with respect to previous research, making it possible to optimize the operation of energy cooperative with the use of actual energy storage (batteries). Conclusions from the research and simulation show that the installation of energy storage only partially minimizes the volume of energy drawn from the grid in periods when fees related to the capacity market are in force (which should be avoided due to higher costs for consumers). The analysis also indicates that a key challenge is the proper parameterization of energy storage.

scholarly journals Grid Island Energy Transition Scenarios Assessment Through Network Reliability and Power Flow Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. K. Hussain ◽  
Philipp R. Thies ◽  
Jon Hardwick ◽  
Peter M. Connor ◽  
Mohammad Abusara
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Power Cable ◽  
Power Network ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Energy Investment ◽  
Power Flow Analysis

This paper presents a methodology for the reliability and power flow analysis of islands or off-grid power networks for situations of scarce data and information. It offers a new and pragmatic approach to derive the required power network information, including the power cable parameters and the load at each power node. The paper aims to present the developed methodology, and to illustrate its application, using Ushant Island as a case study. The assessment of the current power network status and the reliability analysis are presented. Grid performance parameters are further compared for conventional diesel generator operation and renewable energy generation scenarios, demonstrating the advantages of replacing the existing diesel units with renewable energy sources in terms of system reliability. The analysis shows that by introducing renewable energy systems to the island’s grid, the reliability of the grid increases by up to 50% and cable capacity usage reduces by up to 30%. Furthermore, this work suggests that it would not be necessary to modify the grid cables when substituting the diesel generator. The paper will be of interest to network planners, community stakeholders, project developers and decision-makers concerned with renewable energy investment on islands and in remote rural areas.

scholarly journals Electrical Power Supply of Remote Maritime Areas: A Review of Hybrid Systems Based on Marine Renewable Energies

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Roy ◽  
François Auger ◽  
Florian Dupriez-Robin ◽  
Salvy Bourguet ◽  
Quoc Tuan Tran
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
System Development ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Renewable Energies ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Energy Integration ◽  
Ocean Energy

Ocean energy holds out great potential for supplying remote maritime areas with their energy requirements, where the grid size is often small and unconnected to a continental grid. Thanks to their high maturity and competitive price, solar and wind energies are currently the most used to provide electrical energy. However, their intermittency and variability limit the power supply reliability. To solve this drawback, storage systems and Diesel generators are often used. Otherwise, among all marine renewable energies, tidal and wave energies are reaching an interesting technical level of maturity. The better predictability of these sources makes them more reliable than other alternatives. Thus, combining different renewable energy sources would reduce the intermittency and variability of the total production and so diminish the storage and genset requirements. To foster marine energy integration and new multisource system development, an up-to-date review of projects already carried out in this field is proposed. This article first presents the main characteristics of the different sources which can provide electrical energy in remote maritime areas: solar, wind, tidal, and wave energies. Then, a review of multi-source systems based on marine energies is presented, concerning not only industrial projects but also concepts and research work. Finally, the main advantages and limits are discussed.

scholarly journals Healthcare personnel’s experiences using video consultation in primary healthcare in rural areas

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (01) ◽  
pp. 73-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette M. Johansson ◽  
Inger Lindberg ◽  
Siv Söderberg
Keyword(s):  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Specialist Care ◽  
Mixed Methods Design ◽  
District Nurse ◽  
Specialist Nurse ◽  
Primary Healthcare Centre ◽  
Video Consultation ◽  
User Friendly

BackgroundPatients living in rural areas often need to travel long distances for access to specialist care. To increase access to specialist care, video consultation between patients in primary healthcare and specialist care has been used. In order for this new method to be developed and used to the fullest, it is important to understand healthcare personnel’s experiences with this intervention.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to describe healthcare personnel’s experiences using video consultation in their work in primary healthcare.MethodA mixed methods design was used, and the data were analysed using qualitative and quantitative analysis methods. Interviews were conducted with eight general practitioners and one district nurse, all of whom had conducted a video consultation with a patient and a specialist physician or a cardiac specialist nurse. After each video consultation, the participants completed a consultation report/questionnaire.ResultsHealthcare personnel considered video consultation to provide quicker access to specialist care for the patient, and greater security when the video consultation encounter was conducted at their own primary healthcare centre. They considered video consultation an opportunity to provide education and for the patients to ask questions.ConclusionVideo consultation is a satisfactory tool for healthcare personnel, and the technology is a new, useful method, especially for the district nurses. Further, video consultation is an opportunity for healthcare personnel to learn. However, for it to work as an accepted method, the technology must function well and be user friendly. It must also be clear that it is beneficial for the patients and the healthcare personnel.

scholarly journals Review and Comparison of Grid-Tied Inverter Controllers in Microgrids

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommaso Caldognetto
Keyword(s):  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Smart Power ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Grid Connected Inverter

<div><div><div><p>Grid-tied inverters are widely used for interfacing renewable energy sources or storage devices to low-voltage electrical power distribution systems. Lately, a number of different control techniques have been proposed to address the emerging requirements of the smart power system scenario, in terms of both functionalities and performance. This paper reviews the techniques proposed for the implementation of current-controlled or voltage-controlled inverters in microgrids. By referring to a voltage source inverter with LCL output filter, the different control architectures are classified as single-, double-, and triple- loop. Then, the functionalities that are needed or recommended in the grid-connected, islanded, and autonomous operating modes of the grid-tied inverter are identified and their implementation in the different control structures is discussed. To validate the analysis and to better illustrate the merits and limitations of the most effective solutions, six control strategies are finally implemented and experimentally compared on a single-phase, grid-connected inverter setup.</p></div></div></div>

scholarly journals Feasibility study of hybrid energy system for off-grid electrification in rural areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
Saadoon Abdul Hafedh
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Hybrid Energy System ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Rural Village ◽  
Photovoltaic Array ◽  
Cost Of Energy

Hybrid energy systems is an energy system which employs the combination of various renewable energy sources (solar, wind, biomass, hydro, and hydrogen fuel) with conventional energy sources to supply electricity. These systems have become reliable and most cost-effective as compare to single-source energy system for rural electrification. The objective of the present study is to address the demand for electrification of remote rural village in eastern Iraq. The methodology is carried out for optimization of hybrid energy system comprising (Photovoltaic, battery, diesel generator) by using HOMER to minimize the cost of energy and the greenhouse gas emissions. For different configuration of energy sources, the capital cost, net present cost and cost of energy is determined for the optimized hybrid energy system on the basis of the electric consumption demand for the selected site. The simulation results show that the most techno-economic analysis for hybrid energy system can feed the  rural village in eastern Iraq to meet a daily load of 30 kW has consisted of 6 kW photovoltaic array, 7 kW power inverter, 20 units of battery (305 Ah and 6V) and 35 kW wind turbines. The optimized energy system has a cost of energy about $ 0.117/kWh and total net present cost  by about $14800. The environmental assessment of the hybrid system shows that the greenhouse gases emissions will reduce about 25ton CO2/year (16968 kg/year) in the local atmosphere.

scholarly journals Feasibility study of achieving reliable electricity supply using hybrid power system for rural primary schools in Iraq: a case study with umm qasr primary school

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 2822
Author(s):  
Hussam M. Almukhtar ◽  
Zaid H. Al-Tameemi ◽  
Karrar M. Al-Anbary ◽  
Mohammed K. Abbas ◽  
Dr. Hung-Yao Hsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Local Grid

<p>Electrical power is considered as a significant part of contemporary life, and an essential element for development. Fossil fuels have been utilized since the beginning of the twentieth century for electricity generation. However, fossil fuels depletion at the escalating pace as well as their formidable negative implications upon ecosystem contributed to increasing interest in harnessing renewable energy sources for producing electric power to meet the growing demand worldwide. In Iraq, the electrical supply is not sufficient to supply 12 hours a day of electricity. Many rural areas, particularly their schools are suffering from the electricity shortage such as Umm Qasr Primary School that located 20 km away from the city centre of Karbala city in the middle of Iraq. In order to overcome this issue, this paper proposes a hybrid system which relies on renewable resources and the local grid to electrify Umm Qasr Primary School. Various combinations of energy resources have been analysed by using HOMER software to estimate an optimum hybrid system. The analysis illustrates that the optimal configuration of the projected system is composed of 22.4 kW PV modules, 59 batteries, and 5738kWh purchased from the local grid which has reduced the net present cost(NPC)from US$ 163791 the current situation to US$60,420 for the proposed system. The simulation findings also demonstrate that detrimental emissions have been reduced significantly.</p>

scholarly journals Solar PV power driven cold room storage for Saharan rural area

2020 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 01004
Author(s):  
Mouloud. Tizzaoui ◽  
Hamou Soualmi ◽  
Mohamed Allaoui ◽  
Achor Mansouri ◽  
Zine Saadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Analytical Calculation ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Great Distance ◽  
Field Calculation ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Efficient Design ◽  
Cold Room

The use of renewable energy sources is usually a reliable alternative in rural areas and developing countries, where the gridline does not exist or is at a great distance. The present work is to study the possibility of feeding the tomatoes preservation cold room storage in the Sahara region driven by solar photovoltaic generator. An energy-efficient design has been achieved by analytical calculation. A PV field calculation approach yielded the following results: for a storage capacity of about 1 ton of tomatoes, the cooling capacity is 2.5 kW. The use of the design unit gave us in terms of electricity requirements 27 kWh/day by the GPV generator at Adrar province. Electrical power demands can be obtained using an alternative solution, which appears in Vapor Compression Cycles driven by PV modules. This technology considered as promoting concept for the south of Algeria investment.

scholarly journals State of the Art of Low and Medium Voltage Direct Current (DC) Microgrids

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5595
Author(s):  
Maria Fotopoulou ◽  
Dimitrios Rakopoulos ◽  
Dimitrios Trigkas ◽  
Fotis Stergiopoulos ◽  
Orestis Blanas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Current ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Total Load ◽  
Dc Microgrids ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Battery Energy

Direct current (DC) microgrids (MG) constitute a research field that has gained great attention over the past few years, challenging the well-established dominance of their alternating current (AC) counterparts in Low Voltage (LV) (up to 1.5 kV) as well as Medium Voltage (MV) applications (up to 50 kV). The main reasons behind this change are: (i) the ascending amalgamation of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) and Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS), which predominantly supply DC power to the energy mix that meets electrical power demand and (ii) the ascending use of electronic loads and other DC-powered devices by the end-users. In this sense, DC distribution provides a more efficient interface between the majority of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) and part of the total load of a MG. The early adopters of DC MGs include mostly buildings with high RES production, ships, data centers, electric vehicle (EV) charging stations and traction systems. However, the lack of expertise and the insufficient standards’ framework inhibit their wider spread. This review paper presents the state of the art of LV and MV DC MGs in terms of advantages/disadvantages over their AC counterparts, their interface with the AC main grid, topologies, control, applications, ancillary services and standardization issues. Overall, the aim of this review is to highlight the possibilities provided by DC MG architectures as well as the necessity for a solid/inclusive regulatory framework, which is their main weakness.

scholarly journals STUDI PENGARUH TIDAK BEROPERASINYA PLTSa SUWUNG TERHADAP PROFIL TEGANGAN PADA PENYULANG SERANGAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 299
Author(s):  
Gede Endrawadi ◽  
I Wayan Sukerayasa ◽  
Wayan Gede Ariastina
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Voltage Profile ◽  
Medium Voltage

The power plant with renewable energy sources is needed to reduce the pollution. One of this kind is in Bali, that is PLTSa (Garbage Power Plant) Suwung. However, PLTSa Suwung is no longer operating for now. PLTSa Suwung is connected with Serangan feeder, this connection named Distributed Generation. When PLTSa Suwung doesn’t operate, it will affect the Serangan feeder’s voltage profile. The change of voltage profile will be analyzed with EDSA Technical 2000 Service Pack 3.5 software. The research will give five scenarios with different electrical power supply from each scenario. The gap of the voltage profile between scenario 1 (100% power supply from PLTSa) and scenario 5 (0% power suplly from PLTSa) is 0,0079% for medium voltage bus and 0,0062% for low voltage bus. This small gap shows that the connected PLTSa Suwung doesn’t give effect to voltage profile of Serangan feeder.

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