scholarly journals Short communication: Physiological response to drought in North Sulawesi (Indonesia) local rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars at the tissue level in hydroponic culture

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Ai Nio ◽  
RISA JUNITA MEREH ◽  
DANIEL PETER MANTILEN LUDONG
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Hydroponic Culture ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content ◽  
Peg 8000

Abstract. Nio SA, Mereh RJ, Ludong DPM. 2021. Short communication: Physiological response to drought in North Sulawesi (Indonesia) local rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars at the tissue level in hydroponic culture. Biodiversitas 22: 58-64. Water availability influenced the metabolism processes in the plants and this condition could change water balance in the cells as well as restricting the growth and production of crops. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of in vitro polyethylene glycol (PEG) 8000-induced water deficit on the relative water content and chlorophylls (total, a, and b) concentration as physiological response in leaf segments of North Sulawesi (Indonesia) local rice cultivars (cvs. Superwin, Ombong, Burungan, and Temo). The rice leaves were cut into 1 cm x 1 cm segments and were treated under both control (0 MPa) and water deficit (-0.25 and -0.5 MPa) using PEG 8000 as osmoticum. The experiment was factorial completely randomized block design with 4 sampling times (0, 4, 8, and 12 hours) and three replicates. Interaction of water deficit duration and PEG 8000 treatment resulted in a significant difference in leaf relative water content. The leaf relative water content at PEG -0.5 MPa after 8 and 12 hours of treatments was lower than at control (PEG 0 MPa) when the treatment commenced (0 hour). The concentration of chlorophylls (total, a, and b) were significant differences among cultivars and water deficit durations. This study showed that leaf relative water content was a potential physiological indicator of PEG 8000-induced water deficit in North Sulawesi local rice at the tissue level in hydroponic culture.

scholarly journals Correlations of Leaf Relative Water Content, Canopy Temperature, and Spectral Reflectance in Perennial Ryegrass Under Water Deficit Conditions

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 459-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiwei Jiang ◽  
Huifen Liu ◽  
Van Cline
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content

Accurate, rapid, and nondestructive estimates of turfgrass leaf water status are important for site-specific irrigation and drought stress management. The objective of this study was to identify changes and correlations among the canopy reflectance, canopy temperature, and leaf relative water content (RWC) of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) under water deficit conditions. Six cultivars of perennial ryegrass were subjected to dry-downs in the field from May to Aug. 2007 and from June to Aug. 2008. Turf quality was positively correlated with soil moisture (SM), RWC, and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), but negatively correlated with canopy and ambient temperature differentials (ΔT). ΔT was well correlated with RWC (r = –0.77 to –0.78) and SM (r = –0.66 to –0.74), whereas SM was correlated with RWC (r = 0.64 to 0.74) across seasons in both years. When a wide range of stress symptoms occurred in July and Aug., RWCs became highly correlated with ΔT (r = –0.80 to –0.89) and NDVI (r = 0.77 to 0.81), whereas ΔT was correlated with NDVI (r = –0.70 to –0.80) in both years. SM was well correlated with RWC (r = 0.71 to 0.80), NDVI (r = 0.70 to 0.73), and ΔT (r = –0.76 to –0.78) in July and August in both years. These results suggest that changes in ΔT can be used to predict well the leaf water and soil moisture content of perennial ryegrass under water deficit conditions. Combined with NDVI, the correlations can be used for direct mapping of the variability in grass water status, thus improving irrigation management.

scholarly journals Growth and physiological response of two biomass sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) genotypes bred for different environments, to contrasting levels of soil moisture

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Barbanti ◽  
Ahmad Sher ◽  
Giuseppe Di Girolamo ◽  
Elio Cirillo ◽  
Muhammad Ansar
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Biomass Sorghum ◽  
Relative Water

A better understanding of plant mechanisms in response to drought is a strong premise to achieving high yields while saving unnecessary water. This is especially true in the case of biomass crops for non-food uses (energy, fibre and forage), grown with limited water supply. In this frame, we investigated growth and physiological response of two genotypes of biomass sorghum (<em>Sorghum bicolor</em> (L.) Moench) to contrasting levels of soil moisture in a pot experiment carried out in a greenhouse. Two water regimes (high and low water, corresponding to 70% and 30% field capacity) were applied to JS-2002 and Trudan-8 sorghum genotypes, respectively bred for dry sub-tropical and mild temperate conditions. Two harvests were carried out at 73 and 105 days after seeding. Physiological traits (transpiration, photosynthesis and stomatal conductance) were assessed in four dates during growth. Leaf water potential, its components and relative water content were determined at the two harvests. Low watering curbed plant height and aboveground biomass to a similar extent (ca. 􀀀70%) in both genotypes. JS-2002 exhibited a higher proportion of belowground to aboveground biomass, <em>i.e</em>., a morphology better suited to withstand drought. Despite this, JS-2002 was more affected by low water in terms of physiology: during the growing season, the average ratio in transpiration, photosynthesis and stomatal conductance between droughty and well watered plants was, respectively, 0.82, 0.80 and 0.79 in JS-2002; 1.05, 1.08 and 1.03 in Trudan-8. Hence Trudan-8 evidenced a ca. 20% advantage in the three traits. In addition, Trudan-8 could better exploit abundant moisture (70% field capacity), increasing aboveground biomass and water use efficiency. In both genotypes, drought led to very low levels of leaf water potential and relative water content, still supporting photosynthesis. Hence, both morphological and physiological characteristics of sorghum were involved in plant adaptation to drought, in accordance with previous results. Conversely, the common assumption that genotypes best performing under wet conditions are less suited to face drought was contradicted by the results of the two genotypes in our experiment. This discloses a potential to be further exploited in programmes of biomass utilization for various end uses, although further evidence at greenhouse and field level is needed to corroborate this finding.

scholarly journals STUDY OF IMPACT OF AIR POLLUTION ON PLANTS BY ESTIMATION OF APTI OF CERTAIN TREES IN KATRAJ AREA IN PUNE CITY

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
Erum F H Kazi ◽  
Dr. Satish Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Mango Tree ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content

Air pollution is one of major concerns in Pune City currently. Study highlights increase in Particulate matter from Vehicular sources & Urbanization in Karaj area is having harmful impact on the trees in the area. Leaf of Plant species such as Peepal( Ficusreligiosa),, Tamarind(Tamarindusindica), Rain tree( Samaneasaman), Ashoka( Saracaasoca), Manago( Mangiferaindica), Almond( Terminaliacatappa) , Banyan tree(Ficusbenghalensis) were selected and it was found that Ashoka( Saracaasoca), Mango tree( Mangiferaindica) showed Intermediate APTI whereas Peepal, Tamarind, Rain tree, Almond, Banyan tree were found to be Sensitive to pollution. KEYWORDS: Air Pollutants, APTI of plants, Total Chlorophyll, Ascorbic acid, p H of leaf, Relative water Content ( RWC)

Water Stressed Nodal Roots of Wheat: Effects on Leaf Growth

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Volkmar
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Seminal Root ◽  
Nodal Roots ◽  
Nodal Root ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Seminal Roots ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content

This experiment as undertaken to determine the efects of soil drying around the nodal and/or seminal root systems on the shoot growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Two split-root experiments were conducted, the first on newly emerged nodal roots of 18-day-old wheat plants, the second on 25-day-old plants. In both experiments, nodal and seminal roots were isolated from one another and water was withheld from either the nodal root chamber, the seminal root chamber, or both, over 6 days. In the first experiment, leaf growth was unaffected by withholding water from very short nodal roots, even though leaf relative water content of the droughted plants decreased. By comparison, both leaf elongation rate and relative water content decreased by withholding water from the seminal roots. On plants that were 1 week older, leaf growth rate and leaf relative water content decreased when nodal roots were drought-stressed. Leaf growth rate of seminal root droughted plants was more impaired than their nodal root counterparts, even though leaf relative water contents of the two treatments were the same. In both experiments, drought stress applied to the nodal root system enhanced nodal root growth more than seminal roots. These results suggest that seminal and nodal roots perceive and respond to drought stress differently with respect to the nature of the message conveyed to the shoots.

scholarly journals Shading as a means of mitigating water deficit in seedlings of Campomanesia xanthocarpa (Mart.) O. Berg

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 234-244
Author(s):  
Edinéia M.M. BARTIERES ◽  
Silvana P.Q. SCALON ◽  
Daiane M. DRESCH ◽  
Edvânia A.S. CARDOSO ◽  
Mailson V. JESUS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Water Deficiency ◽  
Cultivation Conditions ◽  
Continuous Irrigation ◽  
Intermittent Irrigation ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Number Of Leaves

In this research it was hypothesized that Campomanesia xanthocarpa can overcome some level of water deficiency by adjusting physiological parameters and that shading minimizes the water deficit effects while maintaining elevated photosynthetic rates and relative water content of the leaves and makes a resumption of metabolism and growth when the water supply is normalized. The seedlings were submitted to two water regimes (continuous irrigation - CI and intermittent irrigation - II), three shading percentages (0, 30 and 70%) and six evaluation times (Start - T0, 1st Photosynthesis Zero - 1st P0, 1st Recovery - 1st REC, 2nd Photosynthesis Zero - 2nd P0, 2nd Recovery - 2nd REC and END). Plants under water deficit at 0% shading led to a reduction in photosynthetic metabolism, relative water content (RWC), leaf area, number of leaves, and height, especially during the stress periods 1st and 2nd P0. The 30 and 70% shading mitigated the stressful effect of water deficit on C. xanthocarpa seedlings. The results did not confirm the hypothesis that C. xanthocarpa seedlings are intolerant to water deficit since, although sensitive, they presented a potential for recovery of photosynthetic and growth characteristics under all cultivation conditions. It was concluded that that shading minimizes the stressful effects of water deficit.

scholarly journals Changes in plant growth, leaf relative water content and physiological traits in response to salt stress in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) varieties

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 12049
Author(s):  
Tekam L. MEGUEKAM ◽  
Dany P. MOUALEU ◽  
Victor D. TAFFOUO ◽  
Hartmut STÜTZEL
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content

Salinity is the main environmental factor accountable for decreasing crop productivity worldwide. The effects of NaCl salinity on plant growth (leaf relative water content (RWC), leaf dry weight (LDW), shoot length (SL), number of leaves (NL), number of branches (NB) and total leaf area (TLA) and physiological characteristics (stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (TR), net photosynthetic (Pn), yield of photosystem II (ΦPsII) and the intercellular CO2 concentration (CO2int) in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) varieties (‘Vanda’, ‘P244601’ and ‘Pl184948’, widely used in Cameroon, Tanzania and Ghana, respectively, were investigated under hydroponic condition. Plants were subjected to four levels of NaCl (0, 40, 80 and 120 mM) at early seedling growth stage of plant development. Application of NaCl treatment led to a significant decrease in LDW, SL, NL, TLA, Pn, gs, TR and CO2int concentration of ‘Vanda’ and ‘P244601’ compared to untreated plants while the plant growth inhibition was notably noted at 120 mM NaCl in ‘P1184948’ for LDW, SL and NB. The highest depressive effect was detected in gs of salt-sensitive ‘Vanda’ while the lowest were recorded in gs of salt-tolerant ‘P1184948’ at high salinity level. Enhanced NaCl concentrations led to a significant increase in ΦPSII of ‘P1184948’ compared to ‘Vanda’, ‘P244601’ and untreated plants. Leaf CHL content was significantly increased in moderately-tolerant ‘‘P244601’ and salt-tolerant ‘P1184948’ at 80 mM NaCl compared to salt sensitive ‘Vanda’ and untreated plants. The depressive effect of salt on RWC was recorded at 120 mM NaCl in peanut leaves of all varieties. Under salt stress ‘P1184948’ was observed to have relatively higher tolerance on average of all growth and physiological traits than ‘Vanda’ and P244601’ suggesting that it could be grown in salt-affected soils.

scholarly journals Effects of Duration and Temperature in Simulated Dark Shipping on the Subsequent Performance of the Nobile-type Dendrobiums

HortScience ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-221
Author(s):  
Ariningsun P. Cinantya ◽  
Fure-Chyi Chen ◽  
Yao-Chien Alex Chang
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Flower Diameter ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content ◽  
Time Required

The popularity of the nobile-type dendrobium (Dendrobium nobile hybrids) has been increasing globally. More information regarding the effects of long-distance shipping, from producing countries to destination market countries, on the post-shipping plant performance is needed. In this study, two nobile-type dendrobium cultivars were subjected to simulated dark shipping (SDS) at various temperatures and durations. Changes in net CO2 uptake rate (Pn), chlorophyll fluorescence, and leaf relative water content after plants had been treated with SDS were investigated. Furthermore, shipped plants were vernalized to investigate the effect of dark shipping on the subsequent flowering quality. Dark shipping for 7 days at 15 °C did not affect the post-shipping photosynthetic performance of D. Lan Tarn Beauty. Increasing the shipping duration from 7 to 21 days increased the time required for Pn recovery from 1 to 12 days. Dendrobium Lan Tarn Beauty recovered its Pn within 4 days when shipped for 21 days at 10 °C, and this was prolonged to 11 days when the plants were shipped at 20 °C. Changes in Fv/Fm indicated that there was no marked damage to either cultivars, and the leaf relative water content was little affected by SDS. Dendrobium Lan Tarn Beauty and D. Lucky Girl shipped at 10 °C flowered 5 and 8 days earlier, respectively, compared with unshipped plants. Regardless of the shipping conditions, shipped D. Lucky Girl had a lower flower diameter and higher total flower count than unshipped plants. No differences were found in the number of nodes with flowers or the total flower count between shipped and unshipped D. Lan Tarn Beauty. Our study suggested that dark shipping for up to 21 days is possible for nobile-type dendrobiums. We recommend shipping temperatures of 10 to 15 °C to reduce the detrimental effects caused by long-term dark shipping.

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