scholarly journals Identification of morphometric variation of Aegel marmelos (L.) Correa correlated with habitat types in Western Terai

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-017
Author(s):  
Bimal Bahadur Kunwar
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Morphometric Variation ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Grouping Pattern ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Disc Level ◽  
East West

Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa locally called “Bael” is an economically important plant mainly harvested and traded for medicinal as well as religious purposes. Most of the collection of the plant is from forest. Due to habitat change, deforestation and over harvesting, it is feared that such important plant and its precious genetic diversity may be lost from the nature. Responding to these challenges a major initiative has been launched in the Western Terai Landscape Complex of Nepal to identify morphometric variability in A. marmelos. Morphometric characters variation of this species in Western Terai Landscape Complex was statically and numerically evaluated. Sixteen populations were analysed, using 27 morphological characters of leaves and fruit, collected during 2007/2008 naturally. Most of the morphological characters were not significant with the east-west longitudinal gradient except few were, probably because of small gradient. The variation in the A. marmelos is clearly verified by uni- and multivariate statistics. Highest variation was observed in the (DL) Disc Level (CV= 6.08) from different morphometric characters and later that in PL and B. These DL, PL and B were determining characters of morphometric variation. Similarly, principal component and cluster analysis through forming dendrogram of morphometric traits indicated different grouping pattern of populations. The populations that are nearer to each other are not cluster together. At different sites of sampling analysis of variance in the morphometric traits revealed remarkable variation among population.

scholarly journals Taxonomic revision of the genus Elmomorphus Sharp, 1888 I. Japanese and Korean species (Coleoptera: Dryopidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ján Kodada ◽  
Dávid Selnekovič ◽  
Manfred A. Jäch ◽  
Katarína Goffová ◽  
Peter Vďačný
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Morphometric Variation ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Gene Coding ◽  
Interspecific Divergence

The species of Elmomorphus Sharp, 1888 occurring in Japan and Korea are redescribed and illustrated: E. brevicornis Sharp, 1888 (Japan, Korea) and E. amamiensis Nomura, 1959 (Japan). The standard barcoding fragment of the mitochondrial gene coding for cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) was sequenced and used together with morphological characters to delimit the taxonomic boundaries of the two species. To assess their morphometric variation, eight morphometric characters were measured and statistically evaluated using principal component analysis. The two species of Elmomorphus formed distinct and well-separated clusters in the COI tree. Their interspecific divergence is very high, ranging from 22.7 to 23.9%. On the other hand, morphometric characters, including those previously presumed to be diagnostic, overlap and per se do not allow unambiguous species identification. Reliable morphological distinguishing characters are described for males and females. Molecular data along with the morphological evidence strongly confirm the species status of E. amamiensis. An identification key to the Japanese and Korean species is provided.

scholarly journals Use of Highly Discriminating Morphological Characters and Isozymes in the Study of Spanish Chestnut Cultivars

2006 ◽  
Vol 131 (6) ◽  
pp. 770-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago Pereira-Lorenzo ◽  
María Belén Díaz-Hernández ◽  
Ana María Ramos-Cabrer
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

Morphological characters (six traits) and isozymes (four systems, five loci) were used to discriminate between Spanish chestnut cultivars (Castanea sativa Mill.) from the Iberian Peninsula. A total of 701 accessions (representing 168 local cultivars) were analyzed from collections made between 1989 and 2003 in the main chestnut growing areas: 31 were from Andalucía (12 cultivars), 293 from Asturias (65 cultivars), 25 from Castilla-León (nine cultivars), four from Extremadura (two cultivars) and 348 from Galicia (80 cultivars). Data were synthesized using multivariate analysis, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis. A total of 152 Spanish cultivars were verified: 58 cultivars of major importance and 94 of minor importance, of which 18 had high intracultivar variation. Thirty-seven cultivars were clustered into 14 synonymous groups. Six of these were from Galicia, one from Castilla-León (El Bierzo), four from Asturias, one from Asturias and Castilla-León (El Bierzo), and two from Asturias, Castilla-León (El Bierzo), and Galicia. The chestnut cultivars from Galicia and Asturias were undifferentiated in genetic terms, indicating that they are not genetically isolated. Overall, chestnut cultivars from southern Spain showed the least variation. Many (58%) of Spanish cultivars produced more than 100 nuts/kg; removing this low market-value character will be a high priority. The data obtained will be of use in chestnut breeding programs in Spain and elsewhere.

Taxonomy, natural history, and conservation of the Great-billed Seed-Finch Sporophila maximiliani (Cabanis, 1851) (Thraupidae, Sporophilinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4442 (4) ◽  
pp. 551 ◽  
Author(s):  
FLÁVIO KULAIF UBAID ◽  
LUÍS FABIO SILVEIRA ◽  
CESAR A. B. MEDOLAGO ◽  
THIAGO V. V. COSTA ◽  
MERCIVAL ROBERTO FRANCISCO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
South America ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
History Of

Seed-finches are small-sized Neotropical granivorous birds characterized by extremely strong and thick beaks. Among these birds, the Great-billed Seed-Finch Sporophila maximiliani has been selectively and intensively trapped to the extent that has become one of the most endangered bird species in South America, yet its taxonomy remains complex and controversial. Two subspecies have been recognized: S. m. maximiliani (Cabanis, 1851), mainly from the Cerrado of central South America, and S. m. parkesi Olson (= Oryzoborus m. magnirostris), from northeastern South America. Originally, S. m. parkesi was diagnosed as being larger than the Large-billed Seed-Finch, S. c. crassirostris (Gmelin, 1789), but proper comparisons with S. m. maximiliani, which is larger than S. c. crassirostris, were never performed. Here we provide a review of the taxonomic and nomenclatural history of S. maximiliani, reevaluate the validity and taxonomic status of the subspecies based on morphological characters, and significantly revise its geographic distribution. Analyses based on plumage patterns and a Principal Component Analysis of morphometric characters indicated that S. m. parkesi is most appropriately treated as a synonym of the nominate taxon, which results in a monotypic S. maximiliani comprising two disjunct populations. Further, we conducted systematic searches for S. maximiliani in Brazil, in an attempt to obtain natural history information. After more than 6,000 hours of fieldwork in 45 areas of potential and historical occurrence, S. maximiliani was located only in two sites, in marshy environments called veredas, confirming the critical conservation status of this species, at least in Brazil. We discuss the conservation potential for, and the problems involved with, captive breeding of S. maximiliani for reintroduction into the wild. 

Phenetic analysis of the complex Senna fabrisii—S. trichosepala (Leguminosae, Caesalpiniodeae, Aphyllae) based on morphological characters and seed protein electrophoretic profiles

Phytotaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 145 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico O. Robbiati ◽  
Alícia Lamarque ◽  
Ana M. Anton ◽  
Renée H. Fortunato
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Seed Protein ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Univariate Analyses

Multivariate and univariate analyses based on morphological characters and seed soluble protein electrophoretic profiles were carried out in order to understand the taxonomic status within the complex S. fabrisii-S. trichosepala. Twenty morphological characters from herbarium specimens were recorded and analyzed by ANOVA, principal component and cluster analysis. The seed protein electrophoretic analysis including cluster analysis was based on three populations: one of S. fabrisii and two of S. trichosepala. The results showed that both taxa differed only by three morphological features; in parallel, the CPA and CA demonstrate that no clearly separated group can be recognized. The seed protein electrophoretic profiles show a high degree of similarity. Based on these results, and due to the variability observed, the inclusion of S. fabrisii in the synonymy of S. trichosepala is proposed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of morphometric characters of honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) populations in Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usman H Dukku
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Sub Saharan

Samples of workers of honeybee were collected from 41 colonies in nine localities in Nigeria and analysed using classical morphometry. Measurements of 35 morphological characters of body size, colour and pilosity were taken from 10 workers per colony and the data subjected to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and principal component analysis. Although ANOVA revealed a considerable variation of morphological characters between the sampled localities, principal component analysis indicated that this variation was not sufficient to group the colonies under investigation into geographically separable groups. Based on the agreement between the results of this study and those of previous studies, it is concluded that the honeybees of this area are morphometrically pure populations of sub-Saharan A. mellifera.

scholarly journals Variation in morphological characters of Marsilea crenata living in floating aquatic, emergent aquatic, and terrestrial habitats

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
WISANTI WISANTI ◽  
DURAN COREBIMA ALOYSIUS ◽  
Siti Zubaidah ◽  
SRI RAHAYU LESTARI
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Morphological Adaptations ◽  
Terrestrial Habitats ◽  
Grouping Pattern ◽  
Qualitative Characters ◽  
Two Populations

Abstract. Wisanti, Aloysius DC, Zubaidah S, Lestari SR. 2021. Variation in morphological characters of Marsilea crenata living in floating aquatic, emergent aquatic, and terrestrial habitats. Biodiversitas 22: 2853-2859. Marsilea is a hydrophyte fern that has plasticity often influenced by enviroment. Several of the species with different habitats or geographies show morphological variations. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the variations in morphological characters of M. crenata growing in aquatic and terrestrial habitats. A total of 38 plant samples were collected from their natural habitats including floating aquatic, emergent aquatic, and terrestrial types. Morphological variations data included 4 qualitative characters and 9 quantitative characters. The quantitative characters were analyzed by one-way ANOVA to test for differences, while the combination of both characters was analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to determine the distribution between groups. The data results showed a separate grouping pattern between aquatic and terrestrial populations. These two groups showed significant differences in 5 quantitative characters and 2 qualitative characters. However, emergent aquatic samples’ distribution pattern is closer to the terrestrial group. The characters’ similarity of these two populations was in ??the rhizomes air spaces area, the position between leaflets and absence of red streak on the abaxial lamina. Conclusively, the variations in M. crenata’s morphological characters indicate that this plant has experienced morphological adaptations to water availability in its environment.

scholarly journals Morphological variability of recent species of the order Cassiduloida (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) of Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (Suppl.1) ◽  
pp. 423-437
Author(s):  
Andrea-Alejandra Caballero-Ochoa ◽  
Blanca-E. Buitrón-Sánchez ◽  
Carlos-A. Conejeros-Vargas ◽  
Brenda-L. Esteban-Vázquez ◽  
Mariana-P. Ruiz-Nava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Living Species ◽  
Qualitative Characters ◽  
Recent Species ◽  
Taxonomic Studies ◽  
Character Correlations

ntroduction: In Mexico, there are two recorded living species of Cassiduloida: Cassidulus caribaearum and Rhyncholampas pacifica. Most of the taxonomic studies on cassiduloids have used external morphology, pedicellariae and morphometric characters; however, the intraspecific variation of quantitative and qualitative characters has been poorly evaluated. Objective: To compare the basic morphology of R. pacifica and C. caribaearum. Methods: We examined a total of 2 158 specimens of R. pacifica and C. caribaearum, selecting 50 to evaluate shape and size with linear regression and Principal Component analysis. We selected an additional 62 specimens per species to identify significant character correlations and morphological groups within species. Results: There is a direct relationship between Test length and Test width. Test height/Test width, and Total length (oral view)/Distance from the ambitus to the peristome apex, are the two main ratios to distinguish both species. C. caribaearum is more dorsoventrally compressed and has a round peristome base; versus R. pacifica has a tall and triangular one. There are four morphological groups of C. caribaearum and two groups for R. pacifica. Conclusions: These two species can be distinguished with reliable morphological characters, in which peristome shape suggests that R. pacifica is more adapted to burrowing deeper into certain types of substratum.

scholarly journals Morphometric variation of the horseshoe crab Tachypleus gigas (Xiphosura: Limulidae) from the Banyuasin estuarine of South Sumatra, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fauziyah FAUZIYAH ◽  
APON Z. MUSTOPA ◽  
FATIMAH FATIMAH ◽  
ANNA I. S. PURWIYANTO ◽  
ROZIRWAN ROZIRWAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Horseshoe Crab ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morphometric Variation ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract. Fauziyah, Mustopa AZ, Fatimah, Purwiyanto AIS, Rozirwan, Agustriani F, Putri WAE. 2021. Morphometric variation of the horseshoe crab Tachypleus gigas (Xiphosura: Limulidae) from the Banyuasin estuarine of South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 5061-5070. Morphological studies are essential for fish resource management, ecology, conservation, and stock assessment. This research was conducted to characterize the morphological variation of the coastal horseshoe crab (Tachypleus gigas) from the Banyuasin estuarine, South Sumatra, Indonesia. The body weight (BW), prosoma width (PW), carapace length (CL), telson length (TEL), and total length (TL) were measured for describing the morphometric variability of T. gigas. A total of 70 T. gigas (32 females and 38 males) were found using trammel net fishing and bottom gillnet during the survey. Multivariate and allometric methods analyzed their morphometric characters. Based on Kruskal- Wallis tests, the result showed a significant difference in somebody measurements (TL and CL) between males and females. The principal component analysis (PCA) results showed that all morphometric characters had a strong correlation in both sexes, so the first principal component (PC1) values were 92% and 72%. In comparison, the second principal component (PC2) values were 5% and 20% in females and males, respectively. The results of discriminant function analysis (DFA) suggested that only one (BW) of the five morphometric characters was significant in separating both sexes. Both sexes were also revealed variations in growth patterns based on the allometric analysis results. These results were expected to be used as a basis for managing the horseshoe crab population-based conservation.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of Albanian pea (Pisum sativum L.) landraces assessed by morphological traits and molecular markers

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Gixhari ◽  
M. Pavelková ◽  
H. Ismaili ◽  
H. Vrapi ◽  
A. Jaupi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Insertion Polymorphism ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

In order to investigate the genetic diversity present in the pea germplasm stored in the Albanian genebank, we analyzed 28 local pea genotypes of Albanian origins for 23 quantitative morphological traits, as well as 14 retrotransposon-based insertion polymorphism (RBIP) molecular markers. The study of morphological characters carried out during three growing seasons (2010, 2011 and 2012) had the objective of characterization of traits useful in breeding programs. RBIP marker analysis revealed the genetic similarity in range from 0.06 to 0.45. ANOVA, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis was used to visualize the association among different traits. Most of the quantitative morphological traits showed significant differences. PCA and cluster analysis (Ward’s method) carried out for morphological traits divided the local pea genotypes into three clusters. Finally, the study identified the agronomicaly important traits which will facilitate the maintenance and agronomic evaluation of the collections.

Meristic and Morphometric Variation between the Endangered Acadian Whitefish, Coregonus huntsmani, and the Lake Whitefish, Coregonus clupeaformis, in the Canadian Maritime Provinces and the State of Maine, USA

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 2140-2151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Edge ◽  
Don E. McAllister ◽  
Sami U. Qadri
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
The State ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽  
Lake Whitefish ◽  
Maritime Provinces ◽  
Morphometric Variation ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Adipose Fin

Principal component and discriminant function analyses of morphological variation between whitefish populations from the Canadian Maritime Provinces and the State of Maine, USA, clearly distinguished the Acadian whitefish, Coregonus huntsmani, from the lake whitefish species complex, Coregonus clupeaformis. Ten meristic and 44 morphometric characters were examined and the species were best discriminated by number of vertebrae (>97% separation) and mouth shape. Acadian whitefish had a terminal mouth and 64–67 [Formula: see text] vertebrae, while lake whitefish had a subterminal mouth and 58–64 [Formula: see text] vertebrae. Acadian whitefish were also characterized by having more lateral line scales (88–100, [Formula: see text] than lake whitefish (63–95, [Formula: see text], a shorter adipose to caudal fin length, a smaller adipose fin, and a longer pelvic axillary process than lake whitefish. Considerable morphological variation was found between lake whitefish populations examined although there was no morphological basis to recognize any lake whitefish population as taxonomically distinct. The Acadian whitefish has morphological characteristics of both subgenera Leucichthys and Coregonus; it could be important for understanding the evolution of coregonine fishes and its imminent extinction would represent a serious loss of genetic diversity.

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