scholarly journals Phenotypic plasticity in Barilius vagra (Hamilton, 1822) (Teleostei: Danionidae) from two geographically distinct river basins of Indian Himalaya

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 19976-19984
Author(s):  
Sumit Kumar ◽  
Sharali Sharma ◽  
Deepak Singh
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
River Basins ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Indian Himalaya ◽  
Significant Difference

Truss-based morphometric analysis was used to examine phenotypic plasticity of Barilius vagra (Hamilton, 1822) inhabiting the tributaries of the Alaknanda (Ganga River basin) and Chenab (Indus River basin), two geographically distinct river basins in the Indian Himalaya. Fourteen landmarks were connected to generate a truss network of 90 parameters on the body of fish. Eighty morphometric traits out of ninety morphometric measurements explained statistically significant difference among six sampling locations of Barilius vagra from streams in the Alaknanda and Chenab basins. Discriminant function analysis revealed 82% of Barilius vagra specimens originally classified into their own groups. 95% of the variance was explained by 13 principal components. Morphometric characters (1–6, 1–13, 2–5, 2–6, 2–14, 3–6, 4–6, 4–14, 6–12, 7–8, 7–9, 10–11, and 13–14) contributed greatly in differentiation of B. vagra populations from different river basins. The Alaknanda basin reflected some mixing within populations, which may be due to common environmental conditions and fish migration in these streams. This study will be helpful in framing site-specific conservation and management strategies, such as net mesh size selection, avoiding overexploitation, stock augmentation and food availability for different fish populations.

scholarly journals Morphometric variation of the horseshoe crab Tachypleus gigas (Xiphosura: Limulidae) from the Banyuasin estuarine of South Sumatra, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fauziyah FAUZIYAH ◽  
APON Z. MUSTOPA ◽  
FATIMAH FATIMAH ◽  
ANNA I. S. PURWIYANTO ◽  
ROZIRWAN ROZIRWAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Horseshoe Crab ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morphometric Variation ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract. Fauziyah, Mustopa AZ, Fatimah, Purwiyanto AIS, Rozirwan, Agustriani F, Putri WAE. 2021. Morphometric variation of the horseshoe crab Tachypleus gigas (Xiphosura: Limulidae) from the Banyuasin estuarine of South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 5061-5070. Morphological studies are essential for fish resource management, ecology, conservation, and stock assessment. This research was conducted to characterize the morphological variation of the coastal horseshoe crab (Tachypleus gigas) from the Banyuasin estuarine, South Sumatra, Indonesia. The body weight (BW), prosoma width (PW), carapace length (CL), telson length (TEL), and total length (TL) were measured for describing the morphometric variability of T. gigas. A total of 70 T. gigas (32 females and 38 males) were found using trammel net fishing and bottom gillnet during the survey. Multivariate and allometric methods analyzed their morphometric characters. Based on Kruskal- Wallis tests, the result showed a significant difference in somebody measurements (TL and CL) between males and females. The principal component analysis (PCA) results showed that all morphometric characters had a strong correlation in both sexes, so the first principal component (PC1) values were 92% and 72%. In comparison, the second principal component (PC2) values were 5% and 20% in females and males, respectively. The results of discriminant function analysis (DFA) suggested that only one (BW) of the five morphometric characters was significant in separating both sexes. Both sexes were also revealed variations in growth patterns based on the allometric analysis results. These results were expected to be used as a basis for managing the horseshoe crab population-based conservation.

scholarly journals Morphological and Genetic Structure of Two Equivalent Astyanax Species (Characiformes: Characidae) in the Region of Paranaíba Arc

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renan Rodrigues Rocha ◽  
Rosana de Mesquita Alves ◽  
Rubens Pasa ◽  
Karine Frehner Kavalco
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Haplotype Network ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Present Species ◽  
Body Depth ◽  
Geometric Morphometric

The Astyanax scabripinnis complex is composed of a large number of almost morphological indistinguishable species, including Astyanax paranae and Astyanax rivularis, which exist in the Paraná and São Francisco Basins, respectively, and sometimes are considered subspecies of the A. scabripinnis group or even are cited just as A. scabripinnis. The two river basins are separated by the Upper Paranaíba Arc, likely the main cause of the isolation of these species. We used geometric morphometric tools and DNA analyses of populations of both species to identify the differences between them. Geometric morphometrics separated the two species into distinct groups, whose main difference was the body depth. This is generally related to the speed of the water flow in the river basins. The maximum likelihood phylogram based on mitochondrial DNA sequences formed two main clades: one composed of the population of A. rivularis and the other, of A. paranae. In the haplotype network, the species were similarly separated into two groups from the same ancestral haplotype, with A. rivularis dispersing into two lineages in the São Francisco River Basin. The distribution of A. paranae is a consequence of a secondary dispersion event in the Paraná River Basin. It forms two lineages from a haplotype derived from the ancestor. The vicariant effect of separate basins, through the elevation of the Upper Paranaíba Arc, led to the allopatric speciation of the populations originating the present species. The results of geometric morphometrics and molecular data of the fish show the importance of this geological event in the biogeography and evolutionary history of the ichthyofauna of the region and indicate that the isolation of these species seems to be effective.

scholarly journals Are there sex differences in the body size of the Eurasian red squirrel in Slovakia?

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Čanády ◽  
Ladislav Mošanský ◽  
Peter Krišovský
Keyword(s):  
Function Analysis ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
The Body ◽  
Red Squirrel ◽  
Sexual Interaction ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Foot Length ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hind Foot ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract Sexual dimorphism of the Eurasian red squirrel on five somatic variables (head-and-body length, tail length, hind foot length, ear length and body weight) was evaluated on 55 squirrels. The overlap of values of the measured traits among sexes was high, but in all traits (with exception of the tail length) males seem to exhibit slightly higher mean values than females. However, these differences were non-significant, with the exception of a small significant difference in the tail length and tail-to-head-and-body ratio. Similarly, the results of discriminant function analysis show no differences between the sexes. Positive correlation analyses, together with PCA values, confirmed that tail length and hind foot length are traits that play a significant role in overall variability. We suggest that this relationship could explain their mutual importance in locomotion, where the feet are essential for movement in the trees. By contrast, the tail maintains balance on thin branches, or during jumps from one crown to another. Longer tails also demonstrate differential selection on males and females for a locomotor trait. Similarly, we discuss whether variations in tail length were connected to female reproductive success. Our results suggest that the non-significant results regarding SSD provide the benefit of the same size for both sexes in the protection of territory as well as inter- and intra-sexual interaction.

scholarly journals Morphology of two native catfishes from the Sierra Madre Occidental, México: I. pricei and Ictalurus sp. (Siluriformes: Ictaluridae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gorgonio Ruiz-Campos ◽  
Alejandro Varela-Romero ◽  
David Ceseña-Gallegos ◽  
Carlos Alonso Ballesteros-Córdova ◽  
Sergio Sánchez-Gonzáles
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Evolutionarily Significant Unit ◽  
Sierra Madre Occidental ◽  
San Lorenzo ◽  
Dorsal Fin ◽  
Fin Ray ◽  
Sierra Madre

Introduction: Morphotypes of native catfish of the genus Ictalurus (Siluriformes: Ictaluridae) are known to occur in allopatry in the northern Sierra Madre Occidental of Mexico, with only the Yaqui catfish (Ictalurus pricei) taxonomically described. Recent genetic analysis of these morphotypes has revealed the monophyly of the I. pricei complex, which indicates Ictalurus sp. from the Culiacán River and San Lorenzo River basins as its nearest genetic relative and recognizes as an evolutionarily significant unit the Culiacán River and San Lorenzo River morphotypes. Objective: To compare the meristic and morphometric characteristics of the catfish of the Culiacán River basin with its nearest genetic relative, the Yaqui catfish, in order to determine the presence of distinctive morphological characters that support genetic evidence previously reported for these morphotypes. Methods: Catfish specimens were collected during various field expeditions (1990-2012) to remote sites of the Sierra Madre Occidental and conducted in the Yaqui River and Culiacán River basins with the purpose of morphological comparison. Forty-five morphological characters (40 morphometric and five meristic) were examined in 76 adult specimens – 52 Ictalurus sp. and 24 Ictalurus pricei. Three groups were subject to a discriminant function analysis (DFA), including two Ictalurus sp. groups from the Humaya River and Tamazula River sub-basins, representing the Culiacán River basin, and one I. pricei group representing the Yaqui River basin. The standardized measurements and meristic data of the catfish morphotypes were compared by means of DFA. Results: The DFA revealed 12 characters to be significantly different (P < 0.01) among the groups compared. The morphological characters separating the Ictalurus sp. (Culiacán River basin) from the Yaqui catfish were associated with lower anal, pelvic and pectoral fin ray numbers, shorter head and predorsal lengths, shorter longest lateral barbel and longest dorsal ray lengths and a narrower premaxilar dentary plate; and finally longer distances in Ictalurus sp. for dorsal-fin origin to last anal-fin ray base and dorsal-fin origin to posterior end of the adipose fin base. The standardized coefficients for canonical variables 1 and 2 accounted for 85.6 % and 14.4 % of the total variation, respectively. Conclusions: The distinctive morphological characters of the Ictalurus sp. found in the Culiacán River basin, combined with the known mitochondrial evidence for this morphotype, identify it as an evolutionarily significant unit that requires description as a new species based on taxonomical protocols.

Morphometric, productive and reproductive traits of indigenous goose of Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
M.F. Islam ◽  
M.M. Mia ◽  
M.A. Rahman ◽  
N. Bhowmik
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
The Body ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Bench Mark ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
White Type ◽  
Beak Length

Summary The study was aimed to identify, characterize and describe the phenotypic variation of indigenous goose populations in Bangladesh. The research was conducted at Sylhet Sadar Upazilla in Sylhet district and encompassed about 141 geese (74 brown type and 67 white type). Least Square Mean ± SE of body length, wing span, shank length, beak length and head length of mature indigenous goose were 73.47 ± 0.95, 134.53 ± 1.38, 9.27 ± 0.09, 8.88 ± 0.10 and 6.42 ± 0.02 cm, respectively. Males were significantly (p &lt; 0.01) higher than their female counterparts for all morphometric traits but no significant differences (p &gt; 0.05) were found between two types. The body weight of indigenous goose at day old, 2-week, 1-month, 2-month and 10-month of age were 95.45 ± 0.88, 148.59 ± 1.55, 407.34 ± 7.27 gm, 1.19 ± 0.03 kg and 3.65 ± 0.06 kg, respectively. Males were significantly (p &lt; 0.01) heavier than females in all age groups except day old gosling but no significant difference (p &gt; 0.05) were observed for body weights between two types of goose. Egg weight, egg length, egg width, incubation period, clutch size, number of eggs in a breeding season and age at first egg were 131.85 ± 1.70 gm, 7.40 ± 0.02 cm, 5.22 ± 0.02 cm, 30.30 ± 0.07 days, 7.42 ± 0.08, 20.52 ± 0.38 and 313.22 ± 3.03 days, respectively. The number of eggs in a breeding season of brown type were significantly (p &lt; 0.05) higher than that of white type goose. This study provides a bench mark for the morphometric traits and performance of goose in Bangladesh.

Taxonomic revision and morphometric analysis of Meteorus Haliday, 1835 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Meteorinae) from Colombia

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2938 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
HELMUTH AGUIRRE ◽  
CARLOS E. SARMIENTO ◽  
SCOTT R. SHAW
Keyword(s):  
Function Analysis ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Species Differentiation ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
New Hosts ◽  
Components Analysis

Meteorus Haliday 1835 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a cosmopolitan genus with nearly 250 species around the world. Its species are koinobiont endoparasitoids that use Coleoptera and Lepidoptera caterpillars as hosts, some of them are important agricultural pests. The Meteorus fauna is better known for the Palearctic, Nearctic, Afrotropical and Australian regions, but these wasps are poorly studied in the Neotropical region. From Colombia only two species have been previously reported. The goals of this paper are to study the taxonomic diversity of Meteorus from Colombia and to test the taxonomic value of morphometric characters used to discriminate species. The taxonomic value of the morphometric traits is tested using discriminant function analysis, principal components analysis and graphical exploration of data. A taxonomic key and diagnoses for the species are presented. Nineteen species are newly described: M. amazonensis sp. nov., M. andreae sp. nov., M. antioquensis sp. nov., M. boyacensis sp. nov., M. calimai sp. nov., M. caquetensis sp. nov., M. cecavorum sp. nov., M. chingazensis sp. nov., M. dixi sp. nov., M. farallonensis sp. nov., M. guacharensis sp. nov., M. guineverae sp. nov., M. huilensis sp. nov., M. iguaquensis sp. nov., M. jerodi sp. nov., M. magdalensis sp. nov., M. muiscai sp. nov., M. quimbayensis sp. nov., M. santanderensis sp. nov. Sixteen species are new records for Colombia: M. alejandromasisi Zitani, M. arizonensis Muesebeck, M. corniculatus Zitani, M. desmiae Zitani, M. dimidiatus (Cresson), M. dos Zitani, M. mariamartae Zitani, M. megalops Zitani, M. oviedoi Shaw & Nishida, M. papiliovorus Zitani, M. pseudodimidiatus Zitani, M. rogerblancoi Zitani, M. rugonasus Shaw & Jones, M. townsendi Muesebeck, M. uno Zitani, M. yamijuanum Zitani. Most of the new species are found in Andean forests above 2000 m. New hosts are recorded for M. alejandromasisi, M. laphygmae, M. papiliovorus and M. rubens. The morphometric traits of the head are the most useful for separating species. In contrast, the wings traits are very labile and species differentiation with only wing characters is difficult.

scholarly journals Morphometric and meristic characteristics of an endemic Lagusia micracanthus Bleeker, 1860 in the rivers of Maros and Wallanae Cenrana Watersheds

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nur ◽  
M.Fadjar Rahardjo ◽  
Charles P.H. Simanjuntak ◽  
Djumanto Djumanto ◽  
Krismono Krismono
Keyword(s):  
Standard Length ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Meristic Characters ◽  
Body Depth ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Fin Ray ◽  
Morphometric Features ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Meristic Variation ◽  
Peduncle Length

Pirik (Lagusia micracanthus Bleeker, 1860) is one of endemic fishes in Sulawesi. Morphometric and meristic information of Pirik population in various habitats are unknown. The present study aimed to determine the morphometric and meristic variation of Pirik in Maros and Wallanae Cenrana watersheds. Sampling collection was carried out monthly from May 2018 to April 2019 in the Maros watershed, namely Pattunuang River (M1), Bantimurung River (M2), Pucak River (M3); and in Wallanae Cenrana watershed particularly in Camba River (W1), Sanrego River (W2), and Ompo River (W3). Morphometric measurements consisted of 31 characters and meristic measurements consisted of 10 characters. Morphometric data was standardized by dividing all morphometric characters by standard length (SL). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and discriminant analysis (Discriminant Function Analysis) were applied for data analysis. The results showed that the Pirik taken from rivers in the Maros and Wallanae Cenrana watershed are two different population groups. There are 12 distinguishing morphometric features for Pirik of the Maros and Wallanae Cenrana watershed, i.e. TL (total length), SL (standard length), BDdSA (body depth-dorsal fin origin), HL (head length), Jlup (upper-jaw length), PAfL (pre-anal fin length), ABL (Anal fin base length), PelRL (pelvic ray length), AFRL (anal fin ray length), CPL (caudal peduncle length), CLLup (upper caudal lobe length) and CLLmid (mid-caudal length). There is no significant difference of meristic characters of Pirik obtained from the Maros and Wallanae Cenraa watersheds.

scholarly journals Intraspecific morphometric variability in the populations of Barilius bendelisis (Hamilton) from the Alaknanda basin of Central Himalaya

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1199-1203
Author(s):  
Sumit Kumar ◽  
Deepak Singh
Keyword(s):  
Function Analysis ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Stock Structure ◽  
Central Himalaya ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Barilius Bendelisis ◽  
Phenotypic Variations ◽  
Conservation And Management

The present study observed variations in the morphological traits of hill trout, Barilius bendelisis (Hamilton, 1807) from Alaknanda basin of Central Himalaya. A total of 124 samples of B. bendelisis were collected from three different tributaries, Dugadda Gad, Khankhra Gad and Khandah Gad of Alaknanda river between March 2015 to April 2016. Ninety morphometric characters were measured for each specimen. Statistical tools, univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA), principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant function analysis (DFA) were used to differentiate the populations of B. bendelisis. PCA extracted eight significant morphometric traits explaining 87.9% of total variation among the three populations. DFA revealed that 83.1% specimens were retained into their original groups. Environmental factors were attributed to phenotypic variations among closely related populations. The present study is a first attempt on stock structure of B. bendelisis from different tributaries of Alaknanda river. The study will help in future conservation and management of this fish species across Uttarakhand region, India.

The influence of osteopathic correction on the rate of various rhythms of the body

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Chernikova ◽  
Yu. P. Potekhina
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Dispersion Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Introduction. An osteopathic examination determines the rate, the amplitude and the strength of the main rhythms (cardiac, respiratory and cranial). However, there are relatively few studies in the available literature dedicated to the influence of osteopathic correction (OC) on the characteristics of these rhythms.Goal of research — to study the influence of OC on the rate characteristics of various rhythms of the human body.Materials and methods. 88 adult osteopathic patients aged from 18 to 81 years were examined, among them 30 men and 58 women. All patients received general osteopathic examination. The rate of the cranial rhythm (RCR), respiratory rate (RR) heart rate (HR), the mobility of the nervous processes (MNP) and the connective tissue mobility (CTM) were assessed before and after the OC session.Results. Since age varied greatly in the examined group, a correlation analysis of age-related changes of the assessed rhythms was carried out. Only the CTM correlated with age (r=–0,28; p<0,05) in a statistically significant way. The rank dispersion analysis of Kruskal–Wallis also showed statistically significant difference in this indicator in different age groups (p=0,043). With the increase of years, the CTM decreases gradually. After the OC, the CTM, increased in a statistically significant way (p<0,0001). The RCR varied from 5 to 12 cycles/min in the examined group, which corresponded to the norm. After the OC, the RCR has increased in a statistically significant way (p<0,0001), the MNP has also increased (p<0,0001). The initial heart rate in the subjects varied from 56 to 94 beats/min, and in 15 % it exceeded the norm. After the OC the heart rate corresponded to the norm in all patients. The heart rate and the respiratory rate significantly decreased after the OC (р<0,0001).Conclusion. The described biorhythm changes after the OC session may be indicative of the improvement of the nervous regulation, of the normalization of the autonomic balance, of the improvement of the biomechanical properties of body tissues and of the increase of their mobility. The assessed parameters can be measured quickly without any additional equipment and can be used in order to study the results of the OC.

Identification of sibling species in the genus Eucyclops from water-bodies of Ukraine and Russia using crossbreeding studies

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. I. Monchenko ◽  
L. P. Gaponova ◽  
V. R. Alekseev
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Basin Water ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Baltic Sea Basin

Crossbreeding experiments were used to estimate cryptic species in water bodies of Ukraine and Russia because the most useful criterion in species independence is reproductive isolation. The problem of cryptic species in the genus Eucyclops was examined using interpopulation crosses of populations collected from Baltic Sea basin (pond of Strelka river basin) and Black Sea basin (water-reservoires of Dnieper, Dniester and Danube rivers basins). The results of reciprocal crosses in Eucyclops serrulatus-group are shown that E. serrulatus from different populations but from water bodies belonging to the same river basin crossed each others successfully. The interpopulation crosses of E. serrulatus populations collected from different river basins (Dnipro, Danube and Dniester river basins) were sterile. In this group of experiments we assigned evidence of sterility to four categories: 1) incomplete copulation or absence of copulation; 2) nonviable eggs; 3) absence of egg membranes or egg sacs 4) empty egg membranes. These crossbreeding studies suggest the presence of cryptic species in the E. serrulatus inhabiting ecologically different populations in many parts of its range. The same crossbreeding experiments were carries out between Eucyclops serrulatus and morphological similar species – Eucyclops macruroides from Baltic and Black Sea basins. The reciprocal crossings between these two species were sterile. Thus taxonomic heterogeneity among species of genus Eucyclops lower in E. macruroides than in E. serrulatus. The interpopulation crosses of E. macruroides populations collected from distant part of range were fertile. These crossbreeding studies suggest that E. macruroides species complex was evaluated as more stable than E. serrulatus species complex.

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