scholarly journals Analysis of lead (Pb) levels in water, sediment and mollusks in secondary irrigation channels in Gorontalo Province, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismawati A. Tahir ◽  
DJUNA LAMONDO ◽  
DEWI WAHYUNI K. BADERAN
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Central City ◽  
Lead Content ◽  
Pomacea Canaliculata ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
Irrigation Channels ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
The Government ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Mollusk Species

Abstract. Tahir IA, Lamondo D, Baderan DWK. 2020. Analysis of lead (Pb) levels in water, sediment and mollusks in secondary irrigation channels in Gorontalo Province, Indonesia. Intl J Bonorowo Wetl 11: 1-6. This study was conducted in July-August 2020 in the secondary irrigation channels of Gorontalo Province, aimed to determine the lead content in the water, sediment and gastropods in the channels. The sampling points were located in four sub-districts, i.e., North Bulango Sub-district, Sipatana Sub-district, Central City Sub-district and Hulonthalangi Sub-district. The samples were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The data were analyzed qualitatively by comparing them with the contamination thresholds set by the government of Indonesia. The results showed that the levels of lead in water in the four stations were 0.37 mg/L, 1.30 mg/L, 1.69 mg/L and 0.38 mg/L, respectively, in the sediment 1.1268 ppm, 0.9719 ppm, 0.7602 ppm, and 0.5290 ppm, respectively, and in each mollusk species, i.e., Bellamnya sp. 0.2924 mg/kg, Pomacea canaliculata 0.2413 mg/kg and Pomacea canaliculata 0.1873 mg/kg. The lead levels in the water, sediment and gastropods in the study sites exceeded the contamination thresholds set by the Indonesian government.

Institutionalization and Evangelization in the Argentine Church: Córdoba Under Zenón Bustos, 1905-1919

1989 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-381
Author(s):  
Arthur R. Liebscher
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Pastoral Care ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Central City ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
The People ◽  
National Leadership ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Church

To the dismay of today's social progressives, the Argentine Catholic church addresses the moral situation of its people but also shies away from specific political positions or other hint of secular involvement. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the church set out to secure its place in national leadership by strengthening religious institutions and withdrawing clergy from politics. The church struggled to overcome a heritage of organizational weakness in order to promote evangelization, that is, to extend its spiritual influence within Argentina. The bishop of the central city of Córdoba, Franciscan Friar Zenón Bustos y Ferreyra (1905-1925), reinforced pastoral care, catechesis, and education. After 1912, as politics became more heated, Bustos insisted that priests abstain from partisan activities and dedicate themselves to ministry. The church casts itself in the role of national guardian, not of the government, but of the faith and morals of the people.

Pool Cue Chalk: A Source of Environmental Lead

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 916-917
Author(s):  
Mary Beth Miller ◽  
Steven C. Curry ◽  
Donald B. Kunkel ◽  
Patricia Arreola ◽  
Ernest Arvizu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Lead Poisoning ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Lead Content ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Childhood Lead Poisoning ◽  
Environmental Lead ◽  
Lead Compounds ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Coloring Agents

Lead compounds are used as coloring agents for numerous products. Two cases of children with elevated blood lead concentrations encountered by the authors suggested that pool cue chalk may serve as a source of environmental lead. The objective of this study was to determine lead content of various brands and colors of pool cue chalk. Atomic absorption analyses were conducted of 23 different types of pool cue chalk for lead content. Three of 23 types of pool cue chalk contained more than 7000 ppm (mg/kg) lead: one manufacturer's green and tangerine chalk and another manufacturer's green chalk. It was concluded that some brands of pool cue chalk contain relatively large amounts of lead and could contribute to childhood lead poisoning.

INCIDENCE OF HIGH BLOOD LEAD LEVELS IN CHICAGO CHILDREN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 661-667
Author(s):  
Lorry A. Blanksma ◽  
Henrietta K. Sachs ◽  
Edward F. Murray ◽  
Morgn J. O'Connell
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Lead Poisoning ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
Children At Risk ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
Poisoning In Children

The Chicago Board of Health in October 1986 began a mass-screening program using a blood lead test to detect lead poisoning in children. Atomic absorption spectroscopy made it possible to screen 5,000 specimens in 1 month, and to test a total of 68,744 children in 2 years. The incidence of high blood lead values was variable and seasonal it was lowest in November through January and highest in June. Control children exhibited the same seasonal variation in lead levels as did the children at-risk for lead poisoning. As a result of this program, 1,154 children were treated with chelates for lead poisoning in 1967 and 1968 at the Lead Poisoning Clinic, and the incidence of high blood lead levels among children living in the same areas declined from 8.5% in 1967 to 3.8% in 1968.

Cognitive and Behavioral Manifestations of Lead

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh L. Evans
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
The United States ◽  
Conduct Disorders ◽  
Lead Content ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
Toxic Exposure ◽  
Postnatal Exposure ◽  
Household Dust ◽  
Lead Levels

The link between exposure to lead and children’s cognitive problems was implied in the earliest medical reports of frank lead poisoning of young children in Australia in the 1800s (Lin-Fu 1992). Children with acute severe toxicity of lead (Pb) are now rarely seen in the United States. However, millions of children may have subclinical neurobehavioral disorders associated with chronic low-level exposure to lead, representing a major public health concern (Bellinger 2008a). Lead is a nonessential metal that is recognized as a source of toxic exposure, with the developing nervous system particularly vulnerable. Because of this, U.S. regulations limiting the lead content of gasoline and household paint have led to a gradual reduction of the average blood lead concentration of Americans over the last three decades. Average blood lead levels of children in the United States dropped an estimated 78% from 1976 to 1991 (Brody et al. 1994; Caldwell et al. 2009). Despite these reductions in exposure to lead, new advances in research techniques have documented harmful consequences associated with lower blood lead levels. This raises the possibility that there is no threshold for occurrence of lead-induced toxicity. Bellinger (2008a) refers to “the silent pandemic of neurodevelopmental disorders resulting from children’s continuing exposure to low levels of lead.” The developing brain may be more sensitive to exposure to lead than the adult. Since the pioneering work of Needleman and colleagues (1979), a large scientific literature has documented the deleterious effects of pre- and neonatal exposure to lead. Decrements in IQ scores have proven to be among the most sensitive and consistent consequences of a child’s exposure to lead, but other cognitive and behavioral changes have been described as well, including attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Among the important current sources of children’s exposure to lead is household dust (Dixon et al. 2009) the lead content in old water pipes, batteries, and from contamination by numerous industrial processes. Pre and postnatal exposure to cigarette smoke is a cofactor with lead exposure in children’s conduct disorders (Braun et al. 2008). Diagnosis of lead-induced disorders involves the determination of exposure to lead and the atomic absorption assay of lead in whole blood.

Small reserves around hibernation sites may not adequately protect mobile snakes: the example of Great Basin Gophersnakes (Pituophis catenifer deserticola) in British Columbia

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.E. Williams ◽  
K.E. Hodges ◽  
C.A. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Great Basin ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Maximum Distance ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Common Strategy ◽  
The Government ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Reserve Size

A common strategy for reptile conservation is to establish reserves around nesting or hibernation sites. The government of British Columbia, Canada, mandates protection of 200–300 ha wildlife habitat areas (WHAs) around hibernation sites of the federally threatened Great Basin Gophersnakes ( Pituophis catenifer deserticola Stejneger, 1893), but practical constraints result in a mean size of 193 ha. To evaluate the efficacy of this reserve size, we radio-tracked 39 adult Gophersnakes at four study sites in the Okanagan Valley in 2006 and 2007. Home ranges averaged 10.5 ± 1.7 ha. The maximum distance traveled from a hibernation site was 2400 m, whereas the maximum distance dispersed averaged 520 ± 65 m. An idealized circular WHA of 193 ha with the hibernation site at the centre would be large enough to contain Gophersnake home ranges, but the dispersal data show that only 85% of snakes would stay within that area. Small or asymmetrical WHAs likely protect even fewer Gophersnake locations. We recommend that WHAs be expanded if possible because the high mobility of Gophersnakes suggests that current reserves may not offer adequate protection.

Microplastic input in to alluvial meadows of the Rhine river in Cologne, Germany

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Luise Müller ◽  
Hannes Laermanns ◽  
Markus Rolf ◽  
Florian Steininger ◽  
Martin Löder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Central City ◽  
Rhine River ◽  
River Systems ◽  
Transport Pathways ◽  
Catchment Size ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Alluvial Meadows

<p>River systems are major pathways for the transport of microplastic (MP). The Rhine is among the biggest river systems in regard to catchment size and discharge in northwestern Europe. Studies have documented the presence of MP in the Rhine and its tributaries along its course through Germany. The region of Cologne is densely populated, with a variety of land use forms occurring. Thus, an understanding of the presence and entry pathways of MP into alluvial meadows of the Rhine is important for risk assessments. </p><p>This study aims to quantitively analyse transport pathways and sedimentation of MP into the alluvial meadows of the Rhine. We expect that the main entrance pathway of MP into these alluvial meadow soils is via fluvial transport. Two study sites were chosen in Cologne, one in the southern part of the central city (Poller Wiesen) and one in northern rural areas of the city (Merkenich-Langel). These sites were chosen as there are no agricultural fields in the direct vicinity, which could account for major MP input through surface runoff. The sites were flooded intermittently in the past with records of the water level during flooding and extent of flooded areas. For each site, sampling transects were chosen increasing in elevation and distance relative to the river water level. Samples were investigated for their MP concentrations via FTIR-spectroscopy. A digital elevation model supports the understanding of the water flow during flood events. Differences in MP concentrations with increasing elevation and distance to the river are thought to be caused by differences in intensity and frequency of flooding.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Assessment of community awareness and risk perceptions of zoonotic causes of abortion in cattle at three selected livestock–wildlife interface areas of Zimbabwe

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (7) ◽  
pp. 1304-1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. NDENGU ◽  
M. DE GARINE-WICHATITSKY ◽  
D. M. PFUKENYI ◽  
M. TIVAPASI ◽  
B. MUKAMURI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Porous Interface ◽  
Transfrontier Conservation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Transfrontier Conservation Area

SUMMARYA study was conducted to assess the awareness of cattle abortions due to brucellosis, Rift Valley fever (RVF) and leptospirosis, and to compare frequencies of reported abortions in communities living at the periphery of the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Conservation Area in southeastern Zimbabwe. Three study sites were selected based on the type of livestock–wildlife interface: porous livestock–wildlife interface (unrestricted); non-porous livestock–wildlife interface (restricted by fencing); and livestock–wildlife non-interface (totally absent or control). Respondents randomly selected from a list of potential cattle farmers (N = 379) distributed at porous (40·1%), non-interface (35·5%) and non-porous (26·4%), were interviewed using a combined close- and open-ended questionnaire. Focus group discussions were conducted with 10–12 members of each community. More abortions in the last 5 years were reported from the porous interface (52%) and a significantly higher per cent of respondents from the porous interface (P < 0·05) perceived wildlife as playing a role in livestock abortions compared with the other interface types. The odds of reporting abortions in cattle were higher in large herd sizes (odds ratio (OR) = 2·6; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·5–4·3), porous (OR = 1·9; 95% CI 1·0–3·5) and non-porous interface (OR = 2·2; 95% CI 1·1–4·3) compared with livestock–wildlife non-interface areas. About 21·6% of the respondents knew brucellosis as a cause of abortion, compared with RVF (9·8%) and leptospirosis (3·7%). These results explain to some extent, the existence of human/wildlife conflict in the studied livestock–wildlife interface areas of Zimbabwe, which militates against biodiversity conservation efforts. The low awareness of zoonoses means the public is at risk of contracting some of these infections. Thus, further studies should focus on livestock–wildlife interface areas to assess if the increased rates of abortions reported in cattle may be due to exposure to wildlife or other factors. The government of Zimbabwe needs to launch educational programmes on public health awareness in these remote areas at the periphery of transfrontier conservation areas where livestock–wildlife interface exists to help mitigate the morbidity and mortality of people from some of the known zoonotic diseases.

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