scholarly journals Analysis of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by IS1181 profiling

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. SYMMS ◽  
B. COOKSON ◽  
J. STANLEY ◽  
J. V. HOOKEY
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Cross Infection ◽  
Insertion Element ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Genomic Location ◽  
Strain Nctc

Variation in the genomic location and copy number of the insertion element IS1181 in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was investigated. Sixty-three isolates representing the Jevons type strain (NCTC 10442), phage-propagating strains, and epidemic strains were examined. A PCR amplicon of the insertion element was used to probe genomic restriction endonuclease digests. HindIII genomic digests gave 25 distinct IS1181 patterns, while EcoRI digests gave 20 patterns. EMRSA-01, -02, -04, -06, -07, -09, -10, -11, -13 and -14 contained the element but could not be subtyped by profiling it. EMRSA-16 did not contain IS1181, consistent with a unique evolutionary origin for this major UK epidemic strain. Marked heterogeneity was observed among isolates of EMRSA-03. Each EMRSA-03 strain examined gave a unique pattern, thereby allowing subtyping of an important epidemic phage type for the purposes of hospital cross-infection control.

scholarly journals Staphylococcus aureus prevalence among hospitalized patients

Medicina ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 593
Author(s):  
Žaneta Pavilonytė ◽  
Renata Kaukėnienė ◽  
Aleksandras Antuševas ◽  
Alvydas Pavilonis
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phage Group ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group Ii

Objective. To determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus strains among hospitalized patients at the beginning of their hospitalization and during their treatment and the resistance of strains to antibiotics, and to evaluate epidemiologic characteristics of these strains. Patients and methods. Sixty-one patients treated at the Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery were examined. Identification of Staphylococcus aureus strains was performed using plasmacoagulase and DNase tests. The resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to antibiotics, b-lactamase production, phagotypes, and phagogroups were determined. The isolated Staphylococcus aureus strains were tested for resistance to methicillin by performing disc diffusion method using commercial discs (Oxoid) (methicillin 5 mg per disk and oxacillin 1 mg per disk). Results. A total of 297 Staphylococcus aureus strains were isolated. On the first day of hospitalization, the prevalence rate of Staphylococcus aureus strains among patients was 67.3%, and it statistically significantly increased to 91.8% on days 7–10 of hospitalization (P<0.05). During hospitalization, patients were colonized with Staphylococcus aureus strains resistant to cephalothin (17.6% of patients, P<0.05), cefazolin (14.6%, P<0.05), tetracycline (15.0%, P<0.05), gentamicin (37.7%, P<0.001), doxycycline (30.7%, P<0.001), and tobramycin (10.6%, P>0.05). Three patients (4.9%) were colonized with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains, belonging to phage group II phage type 3A and phage group III phage types 83A and 77; 22.6– 25.5% of Staphylococcus aureus strains were nontypable. During hospitalization, the prevalence rate of phage group II Staphylococcus aureus strains decreased from 39.6% to 5.7% (P<0.05) and the prevalence rate of phage group III Staphylococcus aureus strains increased to 29.5% (P<0.001). Conclusions. Although our understanding of Staphylococcus aureus is increasing, well-designed communitybased studies with adequate risk factor analysis are required to elucidate further the epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Surveillance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus provides relevant information on the extent of the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus epidemic, identifies priorities for infection control and the need for adjustments in antimicrobial drug policy, and guides intervention programs.

scholarly journals Characterization of Gentamicin-Susceptible Strains of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Involved in Nosocomial Spread

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Lemaître ◽  
Wladimir Sougakoff ◽  
Afef Masmoudi ◽  
Marie-Hélène Fievet ◽  
Roland Bismuth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Dna Hybridization ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Cross Infection ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Mrsa Strains ◽  
Selection Of

We report an outbreak of epidemic Staphylococcus aureusstrains characterized by an unusual heterogeneous resistance to methicillin and resistance to tobramycin but susceptibility to gentamicin (gentamicin-susceptible methicillin-resistant S. aureus [GS-MRSA]), contrasting with gentamicin-resistant homogeneous MRSA (GR-MRSA) that have been endemic in our hospital since the 1970s. A total of 97 GS-MRSA strains, which were shown by DNA hybridization to carry the mecA and ant(4′)-Iagenes, were studied. The 40 GS-MRSA strains isolated at the beginning of the outbreak (January 1992 to June 1993) were typed by using resistance patterns, phage typing, serotyping, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and were compared with GR-MRSA and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) strains isolated during the same period. Two dominant clones, A::1 and B::3, and one minor clone, C::5, were identified among the 40 GS-MRSA strains, according to pulsotypes (A to C) and their resistance patterns (1, 3, and 5), which were distinguishable from those of GR-MRSA and MSSA strains. A selection of 57 GS-MRSA strains, isolated from 1994 to 1996, were clustered in the same three clones. However, their distribution had changed in comparison with that in the 1992 to 1993 period: clone A::1 remained dominant (47 versus 42.5%), whereas clone B::3 progressively declined (5 versus 35%) and clone C::5, the most susceptible to antibiotics, spread (44 versus 2.5%). Epidemiological investigations revealed that some clones had been introduced via patients transferred from other hospitals and that cross-infection occurred within and between wards. Major changes in the use of antibiotics, especially aminoglycosides, cyclines, and macrolides, likely played a role in the emergence and spread of GS-MRSA strains.

Transmission via the face is one route of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus cross-infection within a hospital

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akane Kuramoto-Chikamatsu ◽  
Takayuki Honda ◽  
Takehisa Matsumoto ◽  
Mayumi Shiohara ◽  
Yoshiyuki Kawakami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Cross Infection ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
The Face

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus: Interstate Spread of Nosocomial Infections with Emergence of Gentamicin-Methicillin Resistant Strains

1980 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Saroglou ◽  
Margaret Cromer ◽  
Alan L. Bisno
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Selective Pressures ◽  
Potential Pathogen ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Clinically Significant

AbstractA methicillin-resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA, phage type 84/85) was introduced into City of Memphis Hospital by a burn patient who had recently been treated for MRSA bacteremia in another institution 500 miles distant. Despite prompt recognition of the problem and institution of isolation procedures, six other patients developed secondary colonization during the ensuing six months, and five of these experienced clinically significant infections with MRSA. Three of the patients originally infected with MRSA, as well as two additional patients, subsequently developed colonization with staphylococcal strains of phage type 84/85 that were resistant to both methicillin and gentamicin (MRGRSA). Spread of the staphylococcal strains was most likely accomplished primarily via passive transfer from person to person. The hydrotherapy unit, which became contaminated with both MRSA and MRGRSA, may have played a secondary role. As illustrated by this outbreak, patients carrying potentially dangerous bacterial strains should be identified and informed of the problems posed by such carriage. It may be imprudent to admit such patients to hospitals that are free of the potential pathogen.The outbreak described here exemplifies a number of potential problems associated with control of nosocomial staphylococcal infections: (a) interhospital spread of methicillin-resistant strains; (b) secondary patient-to-patient intrahospital spread; and (c) emergence of even more resistant strains, possibly associated with selective pressures exerted by widespread use of broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents.

scholarly journals Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus: toward a coordinated response to a continuing challenge

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Struelens ◽  
O Denis
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Cross Infection ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Health Challenge ◽  
Health Care Institutions ◽  
Public Health Challenge

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) represents a major public health challenge in many health care institutions worldwide. It is a common cause of outbreaks of cross infection and has become endemic in many regions where it adds to the morb

scholarly journals A Study of Microbial Colonisation of Orthopaedic Tourniquets

2009 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
SMY Ahmed ◽  
R Ahmad ◽  
R Case ◽  
RF Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Orthopaedic Surgery ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Cross Infection ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Standard Protocol ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

INTRODUCTION Tourniquets are employed widely in orthopaedic surgery. The use of the same tourniquet on a repetitive basis without a standard protocol for cleaning may be a source of cross-infection. This study examines the contamination of the tourniquets in our institution. MATERIALS AND METHODS Agar plates were used to take samples from 20 tourniquets employed in orthopaedic procedures. Four sites on each tourniquet were cultured and incubated at 37°C for 48 h. RESULTS All sampled tourniquets were contaminated with colony counts varying from 9 to > 385. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. were the most commonly grown organisms from the tourniquets (96%).Some tourniquets had growths of important pathogens including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Pseudomonas spp., and S. aureus. On cleaning five tourniquets with Clinell (detergent and disinfectant) wipes (GAMA Healthcare Ltd, London, UK), there was a 99.2% reduction in contamination of the tourniquets 5 min after cleaning. CONCLUSIONS In addition to the manufacturers' guidelines, we recommend the cleaning of tourniquets with a disinfectant wipe before every case.

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