scholarly journals Risk of local extinction and genetic diversity of Melipona quadrifasciata (Apidae: Meliponini) in a possible Northeastern limit of its distribution in Brazil

Sociobiology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edilson D Araújo ◽  
Rosane Gomes Oliveira ◽  
Higor Cesar Meneses Calazans ◽  
Carina Caroline Silva França ◽  
Valdson SANTOS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Rapid Loss ◽  
Unique Haplotype ◽  
Population Extinction ◽  
Nesting Site ◽  
Disjunct Populations ◽  
Eusocial Bees ◽  
Issr Primers

Rapid loss of genetic diversity among eusocial bees, and extinction of their local population has become a major world concern. Populations of M. quadrifasciata have increasingly declined due to predatory extractivism and destruction of their habitat. Knowledge of their local population could give insights on the strategies for monitoring and conservation of this species. In this study, initially, 14 colonies (140 workers) from the Northern limit of the Northeastern sandbank of the Atlantic Forest were analyzed employing geometric morphometrics techniques. Then the cytochrome b gene sequences and ISSR primers were utilized for molecular analysis. The results were compared with the results of 30 M. quadrifasciata colonies (300 workers) found in the semiarid Caatinga region. The morphometrics and the molecular analysis suggested the formation of disjunct populations between the studied geographical zones. All the 14 colonies analyzed from the river São Francisco region were found on the Southern margin of the river São Francisco and they all belonged to one single haplotype. No colonies were found on the Northern bank of the river. We suggest that the river São Francisco is an effective georgraphical barrier for the distribution of this species and propose an urgent need for the development of a conservation program for the population of M. quadrifasciata as it represents a unique haplotype in the region. Also their nesting habit exclusively in the diseased coconut trees which probably will be replaced by new trees, create the risk of population extinction due to the lack of nesting site.

Molecular analysis of genetic diversity, population structure, and phylogeny of wild and cultivated tulips (Tulipa L.) by genic microsatellites

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 875-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Pourkhaloee ◽  
Morteza Khosh-Khui ◽  
Paul Arens ◽  
Hassan Salehi ◽  
Hooman Razi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Genic Microsatellites

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and structure of Dorstenia elata (Moraceae) in an Atlantic Forest remnant

Rodriguésia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana Aparecida Ribeiro Martins ◽  
Rodrigo Monte Lorenzoni ◽  
Ronald Martins Pereira Júnior ◽  
Fábio Demolinari de Miranda ◽  
Milene Miranda Praça Fontes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
The Road ◽  
Expected Heterozygosity ◽  
Forest Remnant ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Native Populations ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Issr Primers

Abstract Plant species that show gregarious spatial distribution and endemism to the Atlantic Forest, such as Dorstenia elata, are particularly sensitive to the effects of genetic diversity loss. In the present study, we aimed to quantify the genetic diversity in native populations of this species in an Atlantic Forest remnant. The sample included three aggregates of individuals, and molecular characterization was performed with twelve ISSR primers. Intrapopulation analyses were based on the calculation of the Shannon index; total expected heterozygosity and the matrix of distances between pairs of individuals were also calculated. The obtained grouping dendrogram evinced the formation of two groups. Interpopulation investigations were based on the analysis of molecular variance and the estimate of historical gene flow. The results demonstrate that one group comprised the genotypes from two subpopulations, and the other contained exclusively the genotypes of a third subpopulation. The greatest genetic variability was observed within rather than among populations, indicating that the geographical distance and the road that divides the studied populations are not causing loss of genetic diversity.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization and genetic diversity of Ornithonyssus sylviarum in chickens (Gallus gallus) from Hainan Island, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Biswajit Bhowmick ◽  
Jianguo Zhao ◽  
Øivind Øines ◽  
Tianlin Bi ◽  
Chenghong Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Ornithonyssus Sylviarum ◽  
Private Haplotype ◽  
Northern Fowl Mite ◽  
Poultry Farms

Abstract Background The northern fowl mite (NFM), Ornithonyssus sylviarum, is an obligatory hematophagous ectoparasite of birds and one of the most important pests in the poultry industry on several continents. Although NFM poses a serious problem, it remains a neglected pest of poultry in China and other Asian countries. Therefore, a molecular analysis was conducted to provide baseline information on the occurrence, genetic diversity and emergence of NFM in poultry farms from China. Methods This study focused on morphological description and identification of adults based on electron microscopy, molecular sequencing of the mitochondrial cox1 gene and phylogenetic analysis. We have also used the DNA sequences of the cox1 gene to study the genetic diversity, population structure and demographic history. The neutrality tests were used to analyze signatures of historical demographic events. Results The mites collected were identified as the northern fowl mite Ornithonyssus sylviarum based on external morphological characterization using electron microscopy. Molecular analysis using a 756-bp long partial fragment of the cox1 gene revealed 99–100% sequence identity with NFM and phylogenetic inferences showed a bootstrap value of 99% indicating a well-supported monophyletic relationship. Molecular diversity indices showed high levels of haplotype diversity dominated by private haplotypes, but low nucleotide divergence between haplotypes. The Tajima’s D test and Fu’s Fs test showed negative value, indicating deviations from neutrality and both suggested recent population expansion of mite populations supported by a star-like topology of the isolates in the network analysis. Our genetic data are consistent with a single introduction of NFM infestations and the spread of NFM infestation in Hainan poultry farms and a private haplotype dominance, which suggest that infestations are recycled within the farms and transmission routes are limited between farms. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first time a molecular report of NFM in chicken from China including other Asian countries using DNA barcoding. The findings have potential implications with respect to understanding the transmission patterns, emergence and populations trends of parasitic infestations of poultry farms that will help for setting the parameters for integrated pest management (IPM) tactics against mite infestations.

scholarly journals Lagoon Resident Fish Species of Conservation Interest According to the Habitat Directive (92/43/CEE): A Review on Their Potential Use as Ecological Indicator Species

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Facca ◽  
Francesco Cavraro ◽  
Piero Franzoi ◽  
Stefano Malavasi
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Coastal Lagoon ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Coastal Lagoons ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Ecological Indicator ◽  
Habitat Directive ◽  
Population Extinction

Transitional waters are fragile ecosystems with high ecological, social and economic values, that undergo numerous threats. According to the information provided by European Member States in the framework of the European Directive 92/43/EEC (Habitat Directive), the main threat to these ecosystems is represented by morphological and hydrological changes. The present work focuses on six lagoon fish species included in the Habitat Directive annex II (species requiring conservation measures: Aphanius fasciatus, A. iberus, Knipowitschia panizzae, Ninnigobius canestrinii, Valencia hispanica and V. letourneuxi) that spend their entire life cycle in the Mediterranean priority habitat 1150* “Coastal lagoons”. The overview of the current scientific literature allowed us to highlight how the presence and abundance of these species may provide important indications on the conservation status of coastal lagoon habitats. In fact, their occurrence, distribution and biology depend on the presence of peculiar structures, such as salt marshes, small channels, isolated pools and oligohaline areas. Coastal lagoon fragmentation and habitat loss have led to a significant reduction in genetic diversity or local population extinction. Although Aphanius and gobies have been shown to survive in eutrophic environments, it is clear that they cannot complete their life cycle without salt marshes (mainly Aphanius) and wetland areas (mainly gobies).

scholarly journals Diversity and genetic structure of mangabeira (Hancornia speciosa Gomes), a fruit species from Cerrado

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2479
Author(s):  
Fabiano Silva Soares ◽  
Ana Aparecida Bandini Rossi ◽  
Bruna Mezzalira da Silva ◽  
Jakeline Santos Cochev ◽  
Severino De Paiva Sobrinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Economic Resource ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Hancornia Speciosa ◽  
Issr Primers

Hancornia speciosa Gomes, popularly known as mangabeira, is a fruit tree belonging to the Apocynaceae family, native to the Brazilian Cerrado. The fruit is widely used by the local population as an alternative source of income. Limited information is available about this species, which increases the difficulty of conserving its genetic resources and exploiting mangabeira as an economic resource. The objective of this research was to evaluate the genetic diversity and genetic structure of H. speciosa from Chapada dos Guimarães. Twenty-four trees and ten inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) primers were evaluated. Of the 57 bands obtained, 33 (57.89%) presented polymorphism. The analysis using Structure defined two different clusters (K = 2), which were consistent with the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) clustering analysis. The number of observed alleles (Na = 1.58), number of effective alleles (Ne = 1.29), Nei’s genetic distance (He = 0.18) and Shannon index (I = 0.27) were considered low among the population. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that the variability within the cluster (83.39%) was higher than among clusters (16.61%). ISSR primers proved effective for detection of genetic polymorphism in H. speciosa, and could be utilized for strategies that aim at conservation, plant breeding programs, and commercial use.

scholarly journals Geographical Gradients of Genetic Diversity and Differentiation among the Southernmost Marginal Populations of Abies sachalinensis Revealed by EST-SSR Polymorphism

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiko Kitamura ◽  
Kentaro Uchiyama ◽  
Saneyoshi Ueno ◽  
Wataru Ishizuka ◽  
Ikutaro Tsuyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Distribution Center ◽  
Population History ◽  
Peripheral Populations ◽  
Abies Sachalinensis ◽  
Marginal Populations ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Longitudinal Gradients

Research Highlights: We detected the longitudinal gradients of genetic diversity parameters, such as the number of alleles, effective number of alleles, heterozygosity, and inbreeding coefficient, and found that these might be attributable to climatic conditions, such as temperature and snow depth. Background and Objectives: Genetic diversity among local populations of a plant species at its distributional margin has long been of interest in ecological genetics. Populations at the distribution center grow well in favorable conditions, but those at the range margins are exposed to unfavorable environments, and the environmental conditions at establishment sites might reflect the genetic diversity of local populations. This is known as the central-marginal hypothesis in which marginal populations show lower genetic variation and higher differentiation than in central populations. In addition, genetic variation in a local population is influenced by phylogenetic constraints and the population history of selection under environmental constraints. In this study, we investigated this hypothesis in relation to Abies sachalinensis, a major conifer species in Hokkaido. Materials and Methods: A total of 1189 trees from 25 natural populations were analyzed using 19 EST-SSR loci. Results: The eastern populations, namely, those in the species distribution center, showed greater genetic diversity than did the western peripheral populations. Another important finding is that the southwestern marginal populations were genetically differentiated from the other populations. Conclusions: These differences might be due to genetic drift in the small and isolated populations at the range margin. Therefore, our results indicated that the central-marginal hypothesis held true for the southernmost A. sachalinensis populations in Hokkaido.

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