scholarly journals Morphometric Changes in Three Species of Euglossini (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Response to Landscape Structure

Sociobiology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 339
Author(s):  
Mariléa Ribeiro ◽  
Willian Moura Aguiar ◽  
Lorena Andrade Nunes ◽  
Lazaro Da Silva Carneiro
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Landscape Structure ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Wing Shape ◽  
Wing Size ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Shape And Size

Fragmentation and expansion of agricultural activities are sufficient factors for strongly impacting the biodiversity. Thus, sustainable practices of land use, such as agroforestry systems, are adopted with proposal of improving environmental quality and restore ecological processes. In flying insects, fragmentation may cause changes in the wing shape and size. Therefore, we evaluated the wing size and shape of three species of Euglossini (Eulaema atleticana Nemésio, Euglossa cordata (Linnaeus) and Euglossa ignita Smith) at response to landscape structure. The analysed specimens were collected in five areas, four forest areas with strong anthropic influence and an agroforestry system area. The results of the wing shape analysis have showed that the individuals of the three collected species within the agroforestry system diverge significantly (p<0.05) from those collected in the other areas. On the wings of Eg. cordata and Eg. ignita, differences in shape have occurred mainly in the medial region, which actively participates in the individual's flying ability. The wing size has showed meaningful difference only to the population of Eg. ignita (p=0,005). For Eg. cordata and El. atleticana, there was a significant correlation (r<0.05) between the morphometric data and the landscape metrics, which shows a close relationship between these species and the forest cover. The wing shape and size pursue an important function for the individual's ability in the environment, such as dispersion capacity and fertility rate, respectively. We concluded that the morphometric differences can reveal the existence of environmental stress for the biodiversity, therefore, contribute for environmental quality monitoring studies.

scholarly journals Identification of the species of the Cheilosia variabilis group (Diptera, Syrphidae) from the Balkan Peninsula using wing geometric morphometrics, with the revision of status of C. melanopa redi Vujić, 1996

2009 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lj. Francuski ◽  
A. Vujić ◽  
A. Kovačević ◽  
J. Ludoški ◽  
V. Milankov
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Wing Shape ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Wing Size ◽  
Mahalanobis Distances ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Wing Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
Shape And Size

The present study investigates phenotypic differentiation patterns among four species of the Cheilosia variabilis group (Diptera, Syrphidae) using a landmark-based geometric morphometric approach. Herein, wing geometric morphometrics established species boundaries that confirm C. melanopa and C. redi stat. nov. as evolutionarily independent entities or separate species within the previously described C. melanopa species. Seventeen samples of C. lasiopa, C. variabilis, C. melanopa and C. redi from 11 localities on the Balkan Peninsula were analysed. Based on wing shape and size, both species boundaries and intraspecific divergent units were delineated indicating the possible presence of evolutionarily independent units within the analysed taxa. Significant differences in wing size were obtained among the analysed species and canonical variate analysis showed that wing shape was sufficiently different to allow the correct classification of 99.7% and 100% individuals of males and females, respectively. Considerable wing size variation was detected among males and females of conspecific populations of C. melanopa and males of C. variabilis. Contrary to partial discrimination based on the male wing shape among conspecific populations of C. redi and C. variabilis, clear separation of conspecific populations of C. melanopa (for both sexes) and females of C. redi and C. variabilis was observed. The UPGMA cluster analysis based on squared Mahalanobis distances revealed a close similarity between C. melanopa and C. redi, whereas C. lasiopa was the most divergent species. Results presented in this study utilize wing shape and size as new taxonomic characters in delimitating the closely related species and populations of the Cheilosia variabilis group.

scholarly journals Wing Metric Variation in Aedes aegypti Effect of Altitude on Wing Metric Variation of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in a Region of the Colombian Central Andes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis M. Leyton-Ramos ◽  
Oscar Alexander Aguirre-Obando ◽  
Jonny Edward Duque ◽  
Víctor Hugo García-Merchán
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Fluctuating Asymmetry ◽  
Altitudinal Gradient ◽  
Wing Shape ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Wing Size ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Metric Variation ◽  
Shape And Size

AbstractIn mosquitoes of medical importance, wing shape and size can vary with altitude, an aspect that can influence dispersion and, consequently, their vector capacity. Using geometric morphometry analysis, Aedes aegypti wing size and shape variation of males and females was studied in four altitudes in the second-smallest department in Colombia: 1.200 m (Tebaida), 1.400 m (Armenia), 1.500 m (Calarcá), and 1.700 m (Filandia). Wing shape in males (P < 0.001) and females (P < 0.001) was significantly different through the altitudinal gradient; in turn, wing size in males followed the altitudinal gradient (Males R2 = 0.04946, P = 0.0002), Females (R2 = 0.0011, P = 0.46). Wing allometry for males (P < 0.001) and females (P < 0.001) was significant. Likewise, the shape and size of the wings of males (P < 0.001) and females (P < 0.001) had significant fluctuating asymmetry. It is concluded that, in a small scale with an altitudinal variation of 500 meters, it is detected that the size and shape of the wings varied in A. aegypti, principal vector of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika. The fluctuating asymmetry is present in the individuals studied and could be associated with environmental effects caused by vector control campaigns present in some sampling locations.

scholarly journals Morphometric Variability among Populations of Euglossa cordata (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossini) from Different Phytophysiognomies

Sociobiology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 575
Author(s):  
Lazaro Carneiro ◽  
Cândida Maria Lima Aguiar ◽  
Willian Moura Aguiar ◽  
Elon Souza Aniceto ◽  
Lorena Andrade Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Size Variation ◽  
Wing Shape ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Wing Size ◽  
Environmental Pressures ◽  
Chapada Diamantina ◽  
Euglossa Cordata ◽  
Statistical Variations ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Shape And Size

Geometric morphometrics is a tool capable of measuring the response of organisms to different environmental pressures. We tested the hypothesis that E. cordata wing morphometry, as an indicator of response to environmental pressure, it would vary depending on habitat changes, in the Atlantic Forest, Savanna and dry forest (Caatinga). For analysis of wing shape and size, 18 landmarks were digitized at the intersections of the wing veins 348 individuals. Except for the two populations sampled in Chapada Diamantina, the wing shape had significant statistical variations among the populations (p < 0.05). The wing size variation was also statistically significant among populations (p < 0.05).  Although E. cordata is a species tolerant to different environments, the observed morphometric variability may be related to population adaptations to the conditions of each phytophysiognomy.

scholarly journals ALLELOPATHIC EFFECTS OF ROSE WOOD, GUAVA, EUCALYPTUS, SACRED FIG AND JAMAN LEAF LITTER ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF WHEAT ( Triticum aestivum L.) IN A WHEAT-BASED AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. IQBAL ◽  
H.A. RAUF ◽  
A.N. SHAH ◽  
B. SHAHZAD ◽  
M.A Bukhari
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Syzygium Cumini ◽  
Allelopathic Effects

ABSTRACT Selection of tree species under agroforestry systems is crucial to sustain the productivity of a crop. In present study, allelopathic effects of the leaf litters of 5 trees named Rose wood (Dalbergia sissoo), Guava (Pisidium guajava), Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis), Sacred fig (Ficus religiosa) and Jaman (Syzygium cumini) species on wheat growth and yield was examined. Leaf litter of each tress species was mixed in soil with two doses @ 100 and 200 g of leaves of each species per pot. Higher shoot length, shoot dry weight, number of spikelets per spike and biological yield were recorded in 200 g sun dried Jaman (Syzygium cumini) leaves. Total number of tillers per plant and number of ears per plant were higher under the application of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves (200 g sun dried) as compared to other treatments. Spike length, grain yield per pot, number of grains per pot and harvest index were maximum in 200 g sun-dried Sacred fig (Ficu sreligiosa) leaves. Majority of the parameters were promoted at lower doses of leaves per pot, however, at higher doses they started inhibiting the growth and grain yield of wheat.

scholarly journals Distribution and predictors of wing shape and size variability in three sister species of solitary bees

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. e0173109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Dellicour ◽  
Maxence Gerard ◽  
Jérôme G. Prunier ◽  
Alexandre Dewulf ◽  
Michael Kuhlmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solitary Bees ◽  
Wing Shape ◽  
Sister Species ◽  
Size Variability ◽  
Shape And Size

scholarly journals Establishment of a new genus for Parastenocaris itica (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) from El Salvador, Central America, with discussion of the Parastenocaris fontinalis and P. proserpina groups

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Henrique C. Corgosinho ◽  
Pedro Martínez Arbizu ◽  
Daniel Previattelli
Keyword(s):  
El Salvador ◽  
Central America ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Distal Margin ◽  
Exopodal Segment ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Distal Edge ◽  
Exopod Segment ◽  
Shape And Size

A new genus of Parastenocarididae is described from the Neotropical region. Iticocaris gen. nov. is established to include Parastenocaris itica Noodt, 1962. Iticocaris gen. nov. is defined by the following characters: 1) male leg 3 with 2-segmented exopod; 2) first exopodal segment short and rectangular; 3) thumb hypertrophic, longer than the second exopodal segment and inserted on the distal edge of exopod segment 1, occupying the whole distal margin; 4) exopod 2 or apophysis strongly sclerotized, articulated with the exopod segment 1 on its inner margin and curved against the thumb, forming a strong forceps; 5) leg 4 endopod without dimorphism in shape and size vs. minor dimorphism in ornamentation; 6) leg 5 with three setae and 7) lack of the anterolateral furcal seta II. The new genus is monotypic, represented by Iticocaris itica (Noodt, 1962) comb. nov., from El Salvador, Central America. A close relationship is hypothesized between I. itica and the genus Brasilibathynellocaris Jakobi, 1972, the males of which both share the forceps-like elongated apophysis.

Assessment of harvest blocks generated from operational polygons and forest-cover polygons in tactical and strategic planning

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 682-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Landscape Structure ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Block Size ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Strategic Plans ◽  
Important Barrier ◽  
Interior Forest ◽  
Block Size Distribution

Manually designing harvest units for strategic planning is expensive. This paper compares blocking methods based on forest-cover polygons and manually designed harvest units. Routines are used to split and aggregate polygons into three block size distributions: (i) uniform 40-ha blocks; (ii) uniform 120-ha blocks; and (iii) by area, one-third 20 ha, one-third 60 ha, and one-third 150 ha. Three harvest rules that influence adjacency and the cutting of polygons within a block are applied to each block size distribution to compare forecasts generated by forest-cover and operational blocks. Generally, volume flows from the two methods deviate by less than 5%, and the highest deviations usually occur during the first 20 years. Projected landscape structure, as measured by interior forest area, is also similar under the two blocking methods. The results indicate that forest-cover data provide a reasonable alternative to manual blocking in tactical and strategic plans. This is significant because it removes an important barrier to timely and cost-effective planning, especially for large geographic problems where manual blocking is not an option.

scholarly journals High organic inputs explain shallow and deep SOC storage in a long-term agroforestry system – Combining experimental and modeling approaches

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rémi Cardinael ◽  
Bertrand Guenet ◽  
Tiphaine Chevallier ◽  
Christian Dupraz ◽  
Thomas Cozzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Root Senescence ◽  
Soc Stocks

Abstract. Agroforestry is an increasingly popular farming system enabling agricultural diversification and providing several ecosystem services. In agroforestry systems, soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks are generally increased, but it is difficult to disentangle the different factors responsible for this storage. Organic carbon (OC) inputs to the soil may be larger, but SOC decomposition rates may be modified owing to microclimate, physical protection, or priming effect from roots, especially at depth. We used an 18-year-old silvoarable system associating hybrid walnut trees (Juglans regia × nigra) and durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum), and an adjacent agricultural control plot to quantify all OC inputs to the soil – leaf litter, tree fine root senescence, crop residues, and tree row herbaceous vegetation –, and measure SOC stocks down 2 m depth at varying distances from the trees. We then proposed a model that simulates SOC dynamics in agroforestry accounting for both the whole soil profile and the lateral spatial heterogeneity. OC inputs to soil were increased by about 40 % (&amp;plus;1.11 t C ha−1 yr−1) down to 2 m depth in the agroforestry plot compared to the control, resulting in an additional SOC stock of 6.3 t C ha−1 down to 1 m depth. The model described properly the measured SOC stocks and distribution with depth. It showed that the increased inputs of fresh biomass to soil explained the observed additional SOC storage in the agroforestry plot. Moreover, modeling revealed a strong priming effect that would reduce the potential SOC storage due to higher organic inputs in the agroforestry system by 75 to 90 %. This result questions the potential of soils to store large amounts of carbon, especially at depth. Deep-rooted trees modify OC inputs to soil, a process that deserves further studies given its potential effects on SOC dynamics.

scholarly journals LAND COVER DYNAMICS AND LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE IN THE AREA SURROUNDING WATER RESERVOIRS, MOUNTAINOUS REGION OF RIO DE JANEIRO

FLORESTA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 1808
Author(s):  
Lucas De Siqueira Cardinelli ◽  
José Marinaldo Gleriani ◽  
Sebastião Venâncio Martins
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Landscape Structure ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Mountainous Region ◽  
Water Reservoirs ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Surrounding Water ◽  
Land Cover Dynamics

The aim of this study is to evaluate land cover dynamics and landscape structure in the area surrounding two water reservoirs built-in 2009 for energy production, in the mountainous region of the State of Rio de Janeiro (Serra Fluminense). The analysis was developed through the interpretation of Landsat images from 2003, 2009, and 2013, considering the following land cover classes: early successional forest, mid successional forest, pasture, pasture with shrubs and trees, geological outcrop, urban area, and water area. We used thematic maps to determine landscape metrics of size and proximity in the reservoirs catchment area and the Permanent Preservation Area (PPA). At catchment level, pasture was predominant, a consequence of the extensive livestock production carried out in the whole watershed. During the evaluated period, the forest area remained consistent, however, fragmented in many small patches of mid successional forest. The average patch area of mid successional forest is three times the size of the early successional forest patches. For neither forest land cover classes, no significant variations through time in area or isolation were identified. On the PPA, an overall reduction of the forest cover was registered before the construction of the reservoir. However, from 2009 to 2013, after the enclosure of PPA areas, the forest cover increased 35% via assisted natural regeneration, suggesting a high potential for cost-effective restoration in the region.

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