Morphometric Variability among Populations of Euglossa cordata (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossini) from Different Phytophysiognomies

Geometric morphometrics is a tool capable of measuring the response of organisms to different environmental pressures. We tested the hypothesis that E. cordata wing morphometry, as an indicator of response to environmental pressure, it would vary depending on habitat changes, in the Atlantic Forest, Savanna and dry forest (Caatinga). For analysis of wing shape and size, 18 landmarks were digitized at the intersections of the wing veins 348 individuals. Except for the two populations sampled in Chapada Diamantina, the wing shape had significant statistical variations among the populations (p < 0.05). The wing size variation was also statistically significant among populations (p < 0.05). Although E. cordata is a species tolerant to different environments, the observed morphometric variability may be related to population adaptations to the conditions of each phytophysiognomy.

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Identification of the species of the Cheilosia variabilis group (Diptera, Syrphidae) from the Balkan Peninsula using wing geometric morphometrics, with the revision of status of C. melanopa redi Vujić, 1996

Contributions to Zoology ◽

10.1163/18759866-07803004 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 78 (3) ◽

pp. 129-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Lj. Francuski ◽

A. Vujić ◽

A. Kovačević ◽

J. Ludoški ◽

V. Milankov

Keyword(s):

Geometric Morphometrics ◽

Balkan Peninsula ◽

Wing Shape ◽

Canonical Variate ◽

Species Boundaries ◽

Wing Size ◽

Mahalanobis Distances ◽

Males And Females ◽

Wing Geometric Morphometrics ◽

Shape And Size

The present study investigates phenotypic differentiation patterns among four species of the Cheilosia variabilis group (Diptera, Syrphidae) using a landmark-based geometric morphometric approach. Herein, wing geometric morphometrics established species boundaries that confirm C. melanopa and C. redi stat. nov. as evolutionarily independent entities or separate species within the previously described C. melanopa species. Seventeen samples of C. lasiopa, C. variabilis, C. melanopa and C. redi from 11 localities on the Balkan Peninsula were analysed. Based on wing shape and size, both species boundaries and intraspecific divergent units were delineated indicating the possible presence of evolutionarily independent units within the analysed taxa. Significant differences in wing size were obtained among the analysed species and canonical variate analysis showed that wing shape was sufficiently different to allow the correct classification of 99.7% and 100% individuals of males and females, respectively. Considerable wing size variation was detected among males and females of conspecific populations of C. melanopa and males of C. variabilis. Contrary to partial discrimination based on the male wing shape among conspecific populations of C. redi and C. variabilis, clear separation of conspecific populations of C. melanopa (for both sexes) and females of C. redi and C. variabilis was observed. The UPGMA cluster analysis based on squared Mahalanobis distances revealed a close similarity between C. melanopa and C. redi, whereas C. lasiopa was the most divergent species. Results presented in this study utilize wing shape and size as new taxonomic characters in delimitating the closely related species and populations of the Cheilosia variabilis group.

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Sexual dimorphism in Ephedrus persicae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae): intraspecific variation in size and shape

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/n09-029 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 141 (6) ◽

pp. 550-560 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ana Mitrovski Bogdanović ◽

Ana Ivanović ◽

Željko Tomanović ◽

Vladimir Žikić ◽

Petr Starý ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sexual Dimorphism ◽

Intraspecific Variation ◽

Size Variation ◽

Wing Shape ◽

Species Variation ◽

Wing Size ◽

Aphid Parasitoid ◽

Size And Shape ◽

Variation Patterns ◽

Wide Range

AbstractSexual dimorphism in size and shape has been studied in a wide range of organisms, but intraspecific variation in sexual dimorphism remains largely unexplored. In many parasitoid species the diversity of morphological-variation patterns within species is complicated by host effects. It is not known whether the magnitude and direction of sexual size dimorphism can be affected by the developmental environment (i.e., different host species). In this study we explored patterns of sexual dimorphism in size and shape in the aphid parasitoid Ephedrus persicae Froggatt. The analyzed sample consisted of 83 females and 54 males reared from five species of host aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) from various areas of the Palaearctic region. The most notable result of the study is that E. persicae displays divergent patterns of sexual dimorphism in body size and wing size: females have larger bodies than males, but males have larger wings. Our analysis of wing size and wing shape also showed significant within species variation in the degree and pattern of sexual dimorphism. Variation in wing shape between the sexes seems to be more conserved than variation in wing size. Variation in wing shape is influenced predominantly by host (biotype) and to a lesser extent by sexual dimorphism within a biotype.

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Wing Metric Variation in Aedes aegypti Effect of Altitude on Wing Metric Variation of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in a Region of the Colombian Central Andes

10.1101/2020.01.29.924746 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Luis M. Leyton-Ramos ◽

Oscar Alexander Aguirre-Obando ◽

Jonny Edward Duque ◽

Víctor Hugo García-Merchán

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Fluctuating Asymmetry ◽

Altitudinal Gradient ◽

Wing Shape ◽

Small Scale ◽

Wing Size ◽

Shape Variation ◽

Size And Shape ◽

Metric Variation ◽

Shape And Size

AbstractIn mosquitoes of medical importance, wing shape and size can vary with altitude, an aspect that can influence dispersion and, consequently, their vector capacity. Using geometric morphometry analysis, Aedes aegypti wing size and shape variation of males and females was studied in four altitudes in the second-smallest department in Colombia: 1.200 m (Tebaida), 1.400 m (Armenia), 1.500 m (Calarcá), and 1.700 m (Filandia). Wing shape in males (P < 0.001) and females (P < 0.001) was significantly different through the altitudinal gradient; in turn, wing size in males followed the altitudinal gradient (Males R2 = 0.04946, P = 0.0002), Females (R2 = 0.0011, P = 0.46). Wing allometry for males (P < 0.001) and females (P < 0.001) was significant. Likewise, the shape and size of the wings of males (P < 0.001) and females (P < 0.001) had significant fluctuating asymmetry. It is concluded that, in a small scale with an altitudinal variation of 500 meters, it is detected that the size and shape of the wings varied in A. aegypti, principal vector of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika. The fluctuating asymmetry is present in the individuals studied and could be associated with environmental effects caused by vector control campaigns present in some sampling locations.

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Morphometric Changes in Three Species of Euglossini (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Response to Landscape Structure

Sociobiology ◽

10.13102/sociobiology.v66i2.3779 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 66 (2) ◽

pp. 339

Author(s):

Mariléa Ribeiro ◽

Willian Moura Aguiar ◽

Lorena Andrade Nunes ◽

Lazaro Da Silva Carneiro

Keyword(s):

Environmental Quality ◽

Landscape Structure ◽

Forest Cover ◽

Agroforestry System ◽

Agroforestry Systems ◽

Wing Shape ◽

Wing Size ◽

Ecological Processes ◽

Close Relationship ◽

Shape And Size

Fragmentation and expansion of agricultural activities are sufficient factors for strongly impacting the biodiversity. Thus, sustainable practices of land use, such as agroforestry systems, are adopted with proposal of improving environmental quality and restore ecological processes. In flying insects, fragmentation may cause changes in the wing shape and size. Therefore, we evaluated the wing size and shape of three species of Euglossini (Eulaema atleticana Nemésio, Euglossa cordata (Linnaeus) and Euglossa ignita Smith) at response to landscape structure. The analysed specimens were collected in five areas, four forest areas with strong anthropic influence and an agroforestry system area. The results of the wing shape analysis have showed that the individuals of the three collected species within the agroforestry system diverge significantly (p<0.05) from those collected in the other areas. On the wings of Eg. cordata and Eg. ignita, differences in shape have occurred mainly in the medial region, which actively participates in the individual's flying ability. The wing size has showed meaningful difference only to the population of Eg. ignita (p=0,005). For Eg. cordata and El. atleticana, there was a significant correlation (r<0.05) between the morphometric data and the landscape metrics, which shows a close relationship between these species and the forest cover. The wing shape and size pursue an important function for the individual's ability in the environment, such as dispersion capacity and fertility rate, respectively. We concluded that the morphometric differences can reveal the existence of environmental stress for the biodiversity, therefore, contribute for environmental quality monitoring studies.

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Quantitative morphological variation in the developing Drosophila wing

10.1101/229880 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Alexis Matamoro-Vidal ◽

Yunxian Huang ◽

Isaac Salazar-Ciudad ◽

Osamu Shimmi ◽

David Houle

Keyword(s):

Morphological Variation ◽

Natural Variation ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Size Variation ◽

Wing Shape ◽

Wing Morphology ◽

Wild Type ◽

Adult Wing ◽

Pupal Wing ◽

Shape And Size

AbstractQuantitative variation in morphology is pervasive in all species and is the basis for the evolution of differences among species. The developmental causes of such variation are a relatively neglected research topic. Quantitative comparisons of variation arising at different developmental stages with the variation in the final structure enable us to determine when variation arises, and to generate hypotheses about the causes of that variation. We measured shape and size variation in the wing of Drosophila melanogaster at three developmental stages: late third instar, post-pupariation and in the adult fly. Flies of a wild-type and two mutants (shf and ds) with effects on the adult wing shape and size were studied. Despite experimental noise related to the difficulty of comparing developing structures, we found consistent differences in wing shape and size at each developmental stage between genotypes. In addition we provide linear rules allowing to link late disc morphology with early wings. Our approach provides a framework to analyze quantitative morphological variation in the developing fly wing. This framework should help to characterize the natural variation of the larval and pupal wing shape, and to measure the contribution of the processes occurring during these developmental stages to the natural variation in adult wing morphology.

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Size and shape in Melipona quadrifasciata anthidioides Lepeletier, 1836 (Hymenoptera; Meliponini)

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/s1519-69842013000400027 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 73 (4) ◽

pp. 887-893 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

LA Nunes ◽

GB Passos ◽

CAL Carvalho ◽

ED Araújo

Keyword(s):

Size Variation ◽

Mantel Test ◽

Evolutionary Constraints ◽

Partial Mantel Test ◽

Wing Size ◽

Shape Variation ◽

Size And Shape ◽

Melipona Quadrifasciata ◽

Semi Arid Region ◽

Shape And Size

This study aimed to identify differences in wing shape among populations of Melipona quadrifasciata anthidioides obtained in 23 locations in the semi-arid region of Bahia state (Brazil). Analysis of the Procrustes distances among mean wing shapes indicated that population structure did not determine shape variation. Instead, populations were structured geographically according to wing size. The Partial Mantel Test between morphometric (shape and size) distance matrices and altitude, taking geographic distances into account, was used for a more detailed understanding of size and shape determinants. A partial Mantel test between morphometris (shape and size) variation and altitude, taking geographic distances into account, revealed that size (but not shape) is largely influenced by altitude (r = 0.54 p < 0.01). These results indicate greater evolutionary constraints for the shape variation, which must be directly associated with aerodynamic issues in this structure. The size, however, indicates that the bees tend to have larger wings in populations located at higher altitudes.

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Distribution and predictors of wing shape and size variability in three sister species of solitary bees

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0173109 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. e0173109 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Simon Dellicour ◽

Maxence Gerard ◽

Jérôme G. Prunier ◽

Alexandre Dewulf ◽

Michael Kuhlmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solitary Bees ◽

Wing Shape ◽

Sister Species ◽

Size Variability ◽

Shape And Size

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Shape and size variation of Jenynsia lineata (Jenyns 1842) (Cyprinodontiformes: Anablepidae) from different coastal environments

Hydrobiologia ◽

10.1007/s10750-018-3794-6 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 828 (1) ◽

pp. 21-39 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Giselle Xavier Perazzo ◽

Fabiano Corrêa ◽

Pablo Calviño ◽

Felipe Alonso ◽

Walter Salzburger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Size Variation ◽

Coastal Environments ◽

Shape And Size

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The Cheilosia canicularis group (Diptera: Syrphidae): species delimitation and evolutionary relationships based on wing geometric morphometrics

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.1825.1.4 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 1825 (1) ◽

pp. 40 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

JASMINA LUDOŠKI ◽

LJUBINKA FRANCUSKI ◽

ANTE VUJIĆ ◽

VESNA MILANKOV

Keyword(s):

Sequence Data ◽

Balkan Peninsula ◽

Wing Shape ◽

Canonical Variate ◽

Wing Size ◽

Shape Variation ◽

Geometric Morphometric ◽

Mahalanobis Distances ◽

Size And Shape ◽

Upgma Cluster Analysis

A landmark-based geometric morphometric approach was used to assess differences in the size and shape of wing among/within three species of the Cheilosia canicularis group (Diptera: Syrphidae): C. canicularis, C. himantopus and C. orthotricha. Wing size and shape variation was observed from 25, 176 and 41 specimens of C. canicularis, C. himantopus and C. orthotricha, respectively, collected from six localities on the Balkan Peninsula. Significant differences in wing size were obtained among the analysed species and canonical variate analysis showed that wing shape was sufficiently different to allow the correct classification of 73% individuals of C. canicularis, 80% of C. orthotricha and 94% of C. himantopus, and clear delimitation of the species pairs C. canicularis/C. orthotricha and C. himantopus/C. orthotricha. In all analysed species, the consistent sex dimorphism in wing shape was observed indicating that female specimens had shorter and broader wings than males. The UPGMA cluster analysis based on squared Mahalanobis distances revealed close accordance with previously published phylogenetic relationships of these species indicated by allozyme and DNA sequence data analysis. Our results suggested that wing parameters contain useful information in quantification phenotypic variation and identification of species in this challenging group for taxonomy and systematics.

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