Hoverfly (Diptera: Syrphidae) community of a cultivated arable field and the adjacent hedgerow near Debrecen, Hungary

Biologia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Földesi ◽  
Anikó Kovács-Hostyánszki
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Total Abundance ◽  
Wheat Field ◽  
Arable Field ◽  
Group Feeding ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance ◽  
Total Species ◽  
Pan Traps

AbstractA hoverfly (Syrphidae) community was investigated in a cultivated wheat field and the adjacent hedgerow near Debrecen (Hungary). We monitored the change of species richness and abundance of hoverflies along three transects in the hedgerow and in the wheat field in different distances (10 m, 20 m) from the hedgerow. The effect of sampling methods on the number of hoverfly species and individuals was analyzed. Two sampling methods were used to catch hoverflies: netting and pan traps. The whole sampling period was divided into three subperiods, which are early (22nd April–2nd June), middle (11th June–1st August) and late (6th August–11th September). Altogether 1,214 individuals of 22 species were sampled. Fourteen species with 78% of individuals belonged to the aphidophagous group, feeding on aphids as larvae. Altogether 861 individuals of 22 hoverfly species were sampled by netting and 353 individuals of 10 species by pan traps. The total number of hoverfly species was significant lower in the late period than in the early. The total abundance was higher in the middle period compared to the early. The species richness and abundance of aphidophagous species followed a similar pattern as the total species values. The species richness and abundance of hoverflies were significant higher in 10 m and 20 m distance in the wheat field than along the hedgerow. The results suggest that the pan traps were less efficient in the hedgerow than the netting, but in the wheat field they sampled more hoverflies because of visually alluring effect on hoverflies in the absence of flowers.

scholarly journals The Similar Usage of a Common Key Resource Does Not Determine Similar Responses by Species in A Community of Oil-collecting Bees

Sociobiology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Cândida Maria Lima Aguiar ◽  
Shantala Lua ◽  
Maise Silva ◽  
Paulo Enrique Cardoso Peixoto ◽  
Heiddy M Alvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Ecological Factor ◽  
Total Abundance ◽  
Neotropical Savanna ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Factors ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
The Common ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance ◽  
Floral Oil

Variations in abundance and species richness among communities are often determined by interactions between biotic and abiotic factors. However, for communities composed of species that share a common specialization (such as similar foraging adaptations) it may be a key ecological factor involved in the common specialization that affects community variations. To evaluate this possibility, we characterized the guild of oil-collecting bees of a Neotropical savanna in Brazil and tested whether differences in Byrsonima abundance and availability of floral oil explain differences in species richness and abundance of oil-collecting bees of different tribes. Both the number of species and total abundance of Centridini species increased with the abundance of Byrsonima. One plausible explanation for the stronger adjustment between the abundance of Centridini and Byrsonima is that the abundance of these plants affects not only the availability of floral oil, but also of pollen. These findings indicate that the existence of a common specialization among different species does not homogenize their response to variations in a common explored resource.

scholarly journals Assessing Ecological Risks from Atmospheric Deposition of Nitrogen and Sulfur to US Forests Using Epiphytic Macrolichens

Diversity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda H. Geiser ◽  
Peter R. Nelson ◽  
Sarah E. Jovan ◽  
Heather T. Root ◽  
Christopher M. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Critical Loads ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Species Of Conservation Concern ◽  
Total Species Richness ◽  
Conservation Concern ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance ◽  
Total Species

Critical loads of atmospheric deposition help decision-makers identify levels of air pollution harmful to ecosystem components. But when critical loads are exceeded, how can the accompanying ecological risk be quantified? We use a 90% quantile regression to model relationships between nitrogen and sulfur deposition and epiphytic macrolichens, focusing on responses of concern to managers of US forests: Species richness and abundance and diversity of functional groups with integral ecological roles. Analyses utilized national-scale lichen survey data, sensitivity ratings, and modeled deposition and climate data. We propose 20, 50, and 80% declines in these responses as cut-offs for low, moderate, and high ecological risk from deposition. Critical loads (low risk cut-off) for total species richness, sensitive species richness, forage lichen abundance and cyanolichen abundance, respectively, were 3.5, 3.1, 1.9, and 1.3 kg N and 6.0, 2.5, 2.6, and 2.3 kg S ha−1 yr−1. High environmental risk (80% decline), excluding total species richness, occurred at 14.8, 10.4, and 6.6 kg N and 14.1, 13, and 11 kg S ha−1 yr−1. These risks were further characterized in relation to geography, species of conservation concern, number of species affected, recovery timeframes, climate, and effects on interdependent biota, nutrient cycling, and ecosystem services.

scholarly journals Species richness and abundance of monogonont rotifers in relation to environmental factors in the UNESCO Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve, Thailand

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 14087-14100
Author(s):  
Nattaporn Plangklang ◽  
Chaichat Boonyanusith ◽  
Sujeephon Athibai
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Terrestrial Habitats ◽  
Monogonont Rotifers ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance ◽  
Total Species ◽  
Incomplete Picture

 The UNESCO Sakaerat Biosphere Reserve plays an important role in nature conservation and environmental protection.  Previous focus on terrestrial habitats and neglect of aquatic ecosystems has resulted in an incomplete picture of biodiversity of the area.  Based on the first investigation of planktonic diversity, rotifers were collected seasonally at five localities from September 2013 to May 2014 using a Schindler-Patalas plankton trap and a plankton net.  Fifteen families, 25 genera and 71 species of rotifers were identified.  The most diverse families were Lecanidae, Brachionidae, Lepadellidae, and Trichocercidae, accounting for 80% of the total species count.  The maximum species richness was reported at the reservoir, with 57 species (80% of the total), while the minimum species richness (34) was observed at the ponds.  The rainy season had the highest density, followed by winter and summer, with 149.15 N/l from an intermittent stream, and 95.43 and 50.68 N/l from a pond, respectively.  Most of the sampling sites at the three seasonal occasions were dominated by a planktonic species Polyarthra vulgaris.  The results indicate that the seasonal variation of the rotifer assemblage is related to the seasonal variation of physicochemical parameters. 

scholarly journals Bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) in an Ecotonal Cerrado-Amazon Region in Brazil

Sociobiology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 457
Author(s):  
Rony Peterson Santos Almeida ◽  
Filipe Viegas Arruda ◽  
Daniel Paiva Silva ◽  
Beatriz Woiski Teixeira Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
The State ◽  
Species Specificity ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Accumulation Curves ◽  
Pan Traps

Little is known about the distribution of organisms in transitional areas, overall because of the lack of understanding regarding each species’ specificity to the diversity of microhabitats found in these areas and effective ways to sample organisms in these regions. Therefore, in this study we aimed to inventory the bee species in a transitional Cerrado-Amazon area in the state of Pará, Brazil, evaluating the effects of three different sampling methods. We used six fragments, sampled in two different seasons with three sampling methods (arboreal pitfalls with urine, scent traps, and pan traps). The specimens were identified and we used accumulation curves to measure the effectiveness of each method. In total, we sampled 68 bee species, where 53 were exclusively from one single sampling method. The pitfall traps were those with reached the highest species richness among all three sampling methods analyzed, followed by the scent traps and pan traps, respectively. Despite the efficiency and generality of the bee groups we found, the pitfall method does not cover specific bee groups as the Euglossini bees, almost exclusively attracted to scent traps. Therefore, we suggest that studies using pitfalls with urine should be performed in other biomes to evaluate the efficiency of this method in future bee surveys.

scholarly journals Species richness, abundance and vertical distribution of Copepods in Banda Sea, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 03004
Author(s):  
Hanung Agus Mulyadi ◽  
Abdul Basit ◽  
Idha Yulia Ikhsani ◽  
Malik Sudin Abdul
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Total Abundance ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance

The aims of this research were to investigate the species richness and abundance of Copepods. Copepods were sampled using rosette sampler (surface, 25 m and 75 m) on November 21st – 30th, 2013, from the Banda Sea. A total of 21 taxa of Copepods belonging to three orders were identified. Calanoid was identified as the most richness order, followed by Cyclopoid and Harpacticoid. The highest value of total abundance in the surface water is 121 ind/6L, in the 25 m of depth is 221 ind/6 L, and in the 75 m of depth is 96 ind/6L. Acrocalanus longicornis is the most abundant taxa of Copepods, followed by Acartia bispinosa, and Subeucalanus mucronatus. The most predominant taxa of Acartia bispinosa, and Subeucalanus mucronatus showed a remarkable peak at 25 m layers.

scholarly journals Lunar phobia in phyllostomid bats at La Ceiba, Tuxpan, Veracruz

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (13) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Juan Manuel Pech Canché ◽  
Paola Deniss Coria Villegas ◽  
Ivette Alicia Chamorro-Florescano ◽  
José Lui Alanís Méndez ◽  
Miguel Ángel Lozano-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Full Moon ◽  
Bat Activity ◽  
Lunar Phases ◽  
Total Species Richness ◽  
New Moon ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance ◽  
Artibeus Lituratus ◽  
Total Species

The term lunar phobia is used to explain the behavior that some nocturnal animals have to avoid periods with greater moonlight intensity. The aim was to determine the effect of the brightness of the new moon and the fullmoon on the richness, abundance and diversity of the phyllostomid bat community at the La Ceiba estate, Tuxpan, Veracruz, where the study was conducted from October 2013 to February 2014 using five mist nets for two nights per month. We captured 142 bats belonging to eight species, with Artibeus lituratus being the species with the highest records in both lunar phases (74 individuals). Although no signicant differences were found in diversity between the two lunar phases, greater cumulative species richness and abundance were recorded in the new moon (eight species, 118 individuals) than the full moon (five species, 24 individuals). The signicant decrease in abundance between the new moon and the full moon, mainly of small frugivorous species, indicates that lunar luminosity affects bat activity. It also has an effect on total species richness as three species were exclusively recorded in the new moon phase.

Phenology and diversity of necrophagous Diptera in a Hong Kong forest

1990 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping-Man So ◽  
David Dudgeon
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Total Abundance ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Total Species ◽  
Main Factor

ABSTRACTNecrophagous Diptera were sampled in a seasonal tropical mixed forest in Hong Kong from February 1985 to May 1986 using carrion-baited traps. Six families of flies were caught but only Calliphoridae, Muscidae and Sarcophagidae were considered. They made up a total of 14,669 flies of 21 species in the sample. Total species abundance followed Fisher's log-series distribution. The commonest five species were calliphorids, constituting 79.44% of the total combined catch. Temperature was apparently the main factor affecting seasonality of necrophagous Diptera in Hong Kong. Fluctuations in total abundance, species richness and H' followed seasonal changes in weekly mean air temperatures.

Diversity and distribution of groundwater fauna in a calcrete aquifer: does sampling method influence the story?

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Allford ◽  
Steven J. B. Cooper ◽  
William F. Humphreys ◽  
Andrew D. Austin
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Sampling Bias ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Discrete Interval ◽  
Current Sampling ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance ◽  
Western Australian

There has been an increase in the number of studies examining the spatial and temporal patterns in species richness, community structure and population dynamics of groundwater organisms. These studies have raised the issue of uncertainty about the comparability of different sampling methods, and questions of whether sampling bias may exist. Recently, a diverse subterranean fauna was discovered in calcrete (carbonate) aquifers of the Yilgarn Region of central Western Australia. Little is known about the community structure and population dynamics in these aquifers. One important issue is whether current sampling methods adequately sample the species richness and abundance of the fauna to allow for comparative studies. Here we investigate the effectiveness of three sampling methods: haul net sampling, pumping with a 12-V impeller pump, and a discrete interval sampler. The methods were trialled over 16 months with >250 samples taken from 55 uncased bore holes. No significant taxonomic bias was detected across the sampling methods. However, sampling using a haul net was found to be the most efficient method for capturing the available taxa per unit time when sampling bores are less than 10 m deep, with pumping being the least efficient. These results are discussed in relation to the problems of studying stygofauna in Western Australian calcrete aquifers, and of groundwater faunas more generally.

scholarly journals Island species-area relationships in the Andaman islands emerge because rarer species are disproportionately favored on larger islands

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leana D. Gooriah ◽  
Priya Davidar ◽  
Jonathan M. Chase
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Island Species ◽  
Total Species Richness ◽  
Species Area ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance ◽  
Total Species

AbstractThe Island Species-Area relationship (ISAR) describes how the number of species increases with increasing size of an island (or island-like habitat), and is of fundamental importance in island biogeography and conservation. Here, we use a framework based on individual-based rarefactions to infer whether ISARs result from random sampling, or whether some process are acting beyond sampling (e.g., disproportionate effects and/or habitat heterogeneity). Using data on total and relative abundances of four taxa (birds, butterflies, amphibians and reptiles) across the Andamans and Nicobar archipelago, we examine how different metrics of biodiversity (total species richness, rarefied species richness, and abundance-weighted effective numbers of species emphasizing common species) vary with island area. Total species richness increased for all taxa, as did rarefied species richness for a given sampling effort. This indicates that the ISAR did not result because of random sampling, but that instead, species were disproportionately favored on larger islands. This disproportionate effect was primarily due to changes in the abundance of rarer species, because there was no effect on the abundance-weighted diversity measure for all taxa except butterflies. Furthermore, for the two taxa for which we had plot-level data (lizards and frogs), within-island β -diversity did not increase with island size, suggesting that heterogeneity effects were unlikely to be driving these ISARS. Overall, our results indicate that the ISAR of these taxa is most likely because rarer species are more likely to survive and persist beyond that which would have been expected by random sampling alone, and emphasizes the role of these larger islands in the preservation and conservation of species.

scholarly journals Effects of habitat heterogeneity on epiedaphic Collembola (Arthropoda: Hexapoda) in a semiarid ecosystem in Northeast Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aila Soares Ferreira ◽  
Isabel Medeiros dos Santos Rocha ◽  
Bruno Cavalcante Bellini ◽  
Alexandre Vasconcellos
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Habitat Heterogeneity ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Plant Species Richness ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Total Abundance ◽  
As Species ◽  
Abiotic Resources ◽  
Group A ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance

The spatial distribution of abiotic resources and environmental conditions can vary at small scales within terrestrial ecosystems, influencing the composition of soil fauna. Epiedaphic springtails (Collembola) of a semiarid Caatinga ecosystem were studied to determine if factors related to vegetation structure, such as species richness, aerial biomass, litterfall, and soil characteristics (pH, granulometry and soil organic matter), influence species richness and abundance of this group. A total of 5,513 individuals were collected of 15 species distributed in 13 genera and 9 families. The most abundant species wereTemeritassp., with 2,086 (38% of the total abundance) individuals, andNeotropiellameridionalis(Arlé, 1939), with 1,911 (35% of the total abundance) individuals. None of the variables in the regression model were significantly related to Collembola species richness, but abundance was significantly related to plant species richness, aerial biomass and soil pH. Thus, even at a small spatial scale, habitat heterogeneity influences the epiedaphic Collembola in the Caatinga ecosystem, especially their abundance.

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