Diptera (Dryomyzidae, Fanniidae, Muscidae, Piophilidae) Associated With Pig Carcasses in a Forest Habitat of Poland: Sex-Related Patterns of Visitation and Effectiveness of Sampling Methods

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daria Bajerlein ◽  
Mateusz Jarmusz ◽  
Aleksandra Gregor ◽  
Andrzej Grzywacz
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Entomology ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Appearance Time ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Pig Carcasses ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Abstract Our knowledge on many necrophilous dipterans was limited for a long time mainly due to taxonomic issues. Therefore, findings on the sex-related associations with pig carcasses in Dryomyzidae, Fanniidae, Muscidae, and Piophilidae are presented. Moreover, the effectiveness of pitfall traps and sweep nets in fly sampling were compared, since the correct method of collecting insects is critical for the development and application of entomological tools for forensic purposes. The trapped numbers of all species differed significantly in respect to both sexes. The sex ratios were strongly female-biased in most species of Muscidae and in Fanniidae. More females were also collected in Piophilidae, but the proportion of males was higher when compared to muscids. Within Dryomyzidae, the sex ratio differed according to species. Only Dryomyza flaveola (Fabricius, 1794) (Diptera: Dryomyzidae) and Muscina pascuorum (Meigen, 1826) (Diptera: Muscidae) had male-biased sex ratios. Differences in residency patterns between sexes in Stearibia nigriceps (Meigen, 1826) (Diptera: Piophilidae), Liopiophila varipes (Meigen, 1830) (Diptera: Piophilidae), and D. flaveola were statistically insignificant. All studied species were recorded for each sampling method. The effect of the sampling method on the number of individuals was statistically significant for all dipterans but Piophilidae. Pitfall traps outcompeted the aerial sweep net in representing Dryomyzidae and Muscidae, whereas both methods were almost equally effective in the collection of Piophilidae. A varied effectiveness of sampling methods was observed in Fanniidae. The sampling method significantly affected the determination of the appearance time of flies on carcasses, but the effect of species and sampling method was insignificant. Implications for forensic entomology are discussed.

scholarly journals Diversity of parasitoid Hymenoptera in banana germplasm plantation Yogyakarta

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Ichsan Luqmana Indra Putra
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Pan Traps

Banana is one of the fruits in Indonesia. The development of its production in Indonesia has increased. However, there are several factors that can reduce the production, one of which is pests. Pests on bananas can be controlled with natural enemies, one of which is parasitoid. The study aimed to calculate the diversity and abundance of parasitoids in the Yogyakarta banana germplasm plantation. The research was carried out in an area of approximately 2 Ha from April to June 2018 with sampling taken once a week. Sampling method used was in the form of transect. The determination of the transect point is determined as far as 500m between sampling points. At each sampling point carried out 2 sampling methods. Direct method by taking pests on 3 banana plants at each point and indirect with insect net and yellow pan traps. The results found that Shannon-Wiener Index value was 3.29. 22 Hymenoptera parasitoid families were found with the highest morphospecies were superfamily Chalcidoidea and the highest number of individuals were Scelionidae.

scholarly journals Bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) in an Ecotonal Cerrado-Amazon Region in Brazil

Sociobiology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 457
Author(s):  
Rony Peterson Santos Almeida ◽  
Filipe Viegas Arruda ◽  
Daniel Paiva Silva ◽  
Beatriz Woiski Teixeira Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
The State ◽  
Species Specificity ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Accumulation Curves ◽  
Pan Traps

Little is known about the distribution of organisms in transitional areas, overall because of the lack of understanding regarding each species’ specificity to the diversity of microhabitats found in these areas and effective ways to sample organisms in these regions. Therefore, in this study we aimed to inventory the bee species in a transitional Cerrado-Amazon area in the state of Pará, Brazil, evaluating the effects of three different sampling methods. We used six fragments, sampled in two different seasons with three sampling methods (arboreal pitfalls with urine, scent traps, and pan traps). The specimens were identified and we used accumulation curves to measure the effectiveness of each method. In total, we sampled 68 bee species, where 53 were exclusively from one single sampling method. The pitfall traps were those with reached the highest species richness among all three sampling methods analyzed, followed by the scent traps and pan traps, respectively. Despite the efficiency and generality of the bee groups we found, the pitfall method does not cover specific bee groups as the Euglossini bees, almost exclusively attracted to scent traps. Therefore, we suggest that studies using pitfalls with urine should be performed in other biomes to evaluate the efficiency of this method in future bee surveys.

Efficiency of four sampling methods used to detect two common nosocomial pathogens on textiles

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (20) ◽  
pp. 2099-2105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urška Rabuza ◽  
Sonja Šostar-Turk ◽  
Sabina Fijan
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Nondestructive Method ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Contact Plate ◽  
Elution Method ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Quick Determination

Detecting microorganisms on textiles is useful for many purposes, for example to determine the bioburden before laundering, assess the reduction in bacterial counts in connection with various laundry processes, or trace transfer routes in infection control investigations. Therefore a validated, reproducible and rational method is needed. For sampling microorganisms on textile surfaces the most commonly used method is the contact plate method using RODAC plates, first described by Hall and Hartnett followed by the swab sampling technique. Both methods can only capture microorganisms on the surface of the textiles while microorganisms that have penetrated into the deeper structure of the material will not be detected. In our research the contact plate method and the swabbing technique were compared with two wash-off methods. For the first wash-off method the destructive elution method was used, where microorganisms were eluted from the fabrics by shaking the fabrics for a certain time in an elution medium. For the fourth sampling method a nondestructive method that included a compact test device called Morapex® was used, which is based on forced desorption by pressing the microorganisms through the fabric without destroying the fabric. In our research, two types of microorganisms were included ( Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus) that cause common nosocomial infections. The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of the four sampling methods for detecting microorganisms on textiles and to determine the lowest concentration, which can still be detected. The percentage of microorganisms that were detected by both elution methods was substantially higher than by sampling of fabrics with the contact plate method or swabbing. It can be concluded that a nondestructive method using a modified Morapex® device can be applied for quick determination of the hygienic condition of textiles.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PERSEPSI ASAL NEGARA (COUNTRY OF ORIGIN) TERHADAP NIAT BELI YANG DIMEDIASI CITRA MEREK

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 5240
Author(s):  
Ida Bagus Oka Keswara Putra ◽  
Ni Wayan Sri Suprapti
Keyword(s):  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Brand Image ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Purchase Intentions ◽  
National Origin ◽  
Behavioral Observations ◽  
Analysis Technique

This research was conducted in Denpasar City with a total sample of 110 samples. Determination of the sample using non-probability sampling method, namely purposive sampling. Methods of collecting data using non-behavioral observations and questionnaires. The analysis technique used is path analysis technique. Based on the results of the research conducted, it was found that perceptions of national origin had a positive and significant effect on brand image, this means that the better the perception of national origin of Oppo would improve the Oppo brand image. Perceptions of national origin have a positive and significant effect on purchase intentions. This shows consumers 'perceptions of perceptions of national origin influence consumers' buying intention towards Oppo smartphone products. Brand image has a positive and significant effect on purchase intention. This shows that the Oppo brand image has a significant influence on consumers' purchase intentions. Brand image is able to mediate the influence of perceptions of national origin on purchase intention, this means that the brand image mediates the influence of perceptions of national origin into the overall purchase intention. Keywords: perception of national origin, brand image, purchase intention    

scholarly journals Efficiency of snake sampling methods in the Brazilian semiarid region

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 1127-1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo C.M.D. Mesquita ◽  
Daniel C. Passos ◽  
Sonia Z. Cechin
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Financial Investment ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid ◽  
Stony Soil ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Number Of Individuals

The choice of sampling methods is a crucial step in every field survey in herpetology. In countries where time and financial support are limited, the choice of the methods is critical. The methods used to sample snakes often lack objective criteria, and the traditional methods have apparently been more important when making the choice. Consequently researches using not-standardized methods are frequently found in the literature. We have compared four commonly used methods for sampling snake assemblages in a semiarid area in Brazil. We compared the efficacy of each method based on the cost-benefit regarding the number of individuals and species captured, time, and financial investment. We found that pitfall traps were the less effective method in all aspects that were evaluated and it was not complementary to the other methods in terms of abundance of species and assemblage structure. We conclude that methods can only be considered complementary if they are standardized to the objectives of the study. The use of pitfall traps in short-term surveys of the snake fauna in areas with shrubby vegetation and stony soil is not recommended.

Underwater video surveys provide a more complete picture of littoral fish populations than seine samples in clear Florida springs

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 1178
Author(s):  
Kirsten Work ◽  
Coramarie Jifu Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Water Clarity ◽  
Fish Abundance ◽  
Video Assessment ◽  
Species Richness And Diversity ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Better Than

Traditional fish-sampling methods may be problematic because of public use or safety concerns. In this study, we compared one common sampling method with video assessment of fish abundance and diversity in three springs that differed in water clarity and structure. At each of four or five sites per spring, we placed one GoPro camera on each bank for 12min and followed the filming with seine sampling. On the video, we counted the maximum number of individuals of each species observed within one frame (MaxN) and summed these counts to produce an estimate of fish abundance (SumMaxN). Then we compared abundance (SumMaxN), species richness and diversity between seine and video samples across all three springs. Video produced higher estimates of abundance (SumMaxN), species richness, and diversity than did seine sampling. However, this effect was largely confined to species richness and diversity differences between sample methods in the structurally complex spring; differences were subtle or non-existent in the low-structure spring and in the turbid spring. In all three springs, video captured relatively more centrarchids; these taxa were captured only rarely in seine samples. Therefore, video sampling performed as well or better than did seine sampling for fish-assemblage assessment in these clear springs.

Tingkat Pemahaman Kompetensi Guru Pada Mahasiswa Pendidikan Geografi Sebagai Calon Guru Geografi

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-117
Author(s):  
Novia Zalmita ◽  
Muhajirah Muhajirah ◽  
Abdul Wahab Abdi
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Teachers ◽  
Prospective Teacher ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Geography Education ◽  
Teacher Competence ◽  
Education Department ◽  
Long Time

One that influences human resource indicators is education. The teacher is a profession as a job of academic specialization in a relatively long time in college. Understanding related to teacher competence is very important to have by a prospective teacher because it can affect the quality of performance as a professional teacher. The teacher's competence is known as pedagogic, professional, social and personality competencies. The issue in this study is how the competency of the teacher of the Department of Geography Education FKIP Unsyiah as a prospective teacher of geography? The purpose of this study was to determine the competence of teachers in the Department of Geography Education FKIP Unsyiah as prospective geography teachers. Quantitative description approach is used in this study to find answers to the issue. The population in this study were students of the Department of Geography Education FKIP Unsyiah class of 2015 and 2016 who had been declared to have passed the Micro Teaching and Magang Kependidikan 3 course totaling 50 people. Because the population is small and can be reached, the determination of the sample using total sampling techniques so that the sample in this study is the whole population. Data collection is done by distributing test questions to respondents. The data was analyzed using the descriptive statistics percentage formula. The results of the study indicate that the level of teacher competence of Geography Education Department students as prospective teachers is in the moderate category, namely as many as 22 respondents (44%). A total of 12 respondents (24%) were in the high category, 15 respondents (30%) were in the low category and 1 respondent (2%) were in the very low category.

ANALISIS PERHITUNGAN HARGA POKOK PRODUKSI DAN PENENTUAN HARGA JUAL ATAS PRODUK (Studi Kasus Pada PT Dasa Windu Agung)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-190
Author(s):  
Dwi Urip Wardoyo
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Automotive Components ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Keywords Cost

This study aims to determine the determination of the cost of production for products produced by PT. DWA. The Company is engaged in the manufacturing industry specialized in automotive components. Its activity is carried out through a series of production processes, so that expenses spent in the production will be calculated into the cost of the production sold. The population in this study were all manufacturing companies in Jakarta. Convenience sampling method selected one of the companies that get the confidence to assemble three national car project in Indonesia, namely Timor, Bakrie and Maleo. Test analysis used in this study is to test the calculation of full costing with job order costing. This study shows that (a) determination of the cost elements associated with the cost of production and (b) determining the cost of production on a product-based job costing with full costing approach. Keywords: cost of production, full costing

scholarly journals Expression Level of Mature miR172 in Wild Type and StSUT4-Silenced Plants of Solanum tuberosum Is Sucrose-Dependent

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1455
Author(s):  
Varsha Garg ◽  
Aleksandra Hackel ◽  
Christina Kühn
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
In Vitro Plantlets ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Cut Leaves

In potato plants, the phloem-mobile miR172 is involved in the sugar-dependent transmission of flower and tuber inducing signal transduction pathways and a clear link between solute transport and the induction of flowering and tuberization was demonstrated. The sucrose transporter StSUT4 seems to play an important role in the photoperiod-dependent triggering of both developmental processes, flowering and tuberization, and the phenotype of StSUT4-inhibited potato plants is reminiscent to miR172 overexpressing plants. The first aim of this study was the determination of the level of miR172 in sink and source leaves of StSUT4-silenced as well as StSUT4-overexpressing plants in comparison to Solanum tuberosum ssp. Andigena wild type plants. The second aim was to investigate the effect of sugars on the level of miRNA172 in whole cut leaves, as well as in whole in vitro plantlets that were supplemented with exogenous sugars. Experiments clearly show a sucrose-dependent induction of the level of mature miR172 in short time as well as long time experiments. A sucrose-dependent accumulation of miR172 was also measured in mature leaves of StSUT4-silenced plants where sucrose export is delayed and sucrose accumulates at the end of the light period.

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