scholarly journals Sub-activity Time-Cost Trade-off Model of Building Structural Beam on the Projects in the North Aceh Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-94
Author(s):  
Fachrurrazi Fachrurrazi ◽  
Abdullah Abdullah ◽  
Yuwaldi Away ◽  
Teuku Budi Aulia
Keyword(s):  
Construction Cost ◽  
Specific Model ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Time Cost ◽  
Activity Time ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
The North ◽  
Activity Duration ◽  
Normal Duration ◽  
Cost Plan

Problems for both delayed and accelerated activities in scheduling are common in most projects. This problem can implicate on the additional construction cost with different trends as a specific model. A model can provide valuable information to project acceleration judgement. This research aims to develop the TCTO sub-activity model of formwork, rebar work, and concrete work of the building structural beam on the projects in the North Aceh region. We have collected 33 data sourced from the project cost plan report and respondents judgment in the reviewed area. Descriptive statistics and the regression analysis are used to generate the TCTO model. The results show that the activity duration of the structural beam as broken down into sub-activities of formwork, rebar work and concrete work can be compressed until reaching 40%, 50%, and 40% of its normal duration, respectively. The additional cost of the compressed duration for each sub-activity shows the direct incremental cost per days of 3.67%, 3.63%, and 4.27% of its normal cost. Meanwhile, the possible crash cost of each the sub-activities are 122%, 118.15%, 125.61%, respectively. The models practically represent a linear model in the same daily pattern acceleration.

Incentive genetic algorithm based time–cost trade-off analysis across a build–operate–transfer project concession period

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongxian Li ◽  
Mohamed Al-Hussein ◽  
Zhen Lei
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Genetic Algorithms ◽  
Construction Cost ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Time Cost ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Operation Period ◽  
Concession Period ◽  
New Infrastructure

The build–operate–transfer (BOT) scheme is widely applied to finance new infrastructure projects with private sector (concessionaire) participation. For a predetermined concession period (CP), assuming that CP consists of the construction duration (CD) and the concession operation period (OP), different construction durations result in different profits for the concessionaire. Meanwhile, according to the time–cost trade-off (TCT) principle, shortening the CD increases the construction cost; shortening the CD also prolongs the OP, which could increase the total benefit of BOT projects. Hence, how to arrange construction reasonably to maximize the whole profit is a key issue for a concessionary. This paper proposes a methodological framework including optimization, sensitivity analysis, and improved (incentive) genetic algorithms (GA) for BOT projects. Through the proposed methodological framework, the reasonable construction duration of a BOT project can be obtained. A numerical example is used to verify the proposed methodology.

scholarly journals TIME-COST TRADE-OFF MODEL FOR TIE BEAM ACTIVITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Fachrurrazi Fachrurrazi ◽  
Mahmuddin Mahmuddin ◽  
Cut Yuniati Anas
Keyword(s):  
Cost Model ◽  
Project Manager ◽  
Additional Cost ◽  
Time Cost ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Project Duration ◽  
Schedule Delay ◽  
Normal Duration ◽  
The Right ◽  
Different Characteristics

Abstract: Crashing  project duration is conducted when the project experience schedule delay. The consequence of this crashing is needed the additional cost to anticipate the delay. Choosing the right activity for the reduction will provide additional cost efficiency. The purpose of this research is to develop time-cost trade-off (TCTO) model for tie beam activity. The model was developed based on the respondent's perception through the questionnaire, and collecting the Budget Plan Report. Respondents in this study are director, estimator, and project manager at contractor who is domiciled in West Aceh District. The results showed that the tie beam can be broken down into sub activities such formwork, rebar and concrete that have different characteristics in tie beam activities based on TCTO model. Based on these conditions, the sub activities activities can be accelerated from the normal duration of the project are 60%, 50% and 60% respectively and the required additional cost is 2.88% per day, 2.93% per day, and 3.88% per day.Keywords : Project Crashing, Crash Duration, Additional cost, Model TCTO, Tie beam, West of Aceh, Formwork, Rebar work, Concrete workAbstrak: Percepatan schedule sering dilakukan ketika kemajuan proyek dinilai mengalami keterlambatan terhadap rencana awal. Konsekuensi dari percepatan schedule tersebut dapat memberikan peningkatan biaya proyek. Pemilihan aktifitas yang tepat akan memberikan efisiensi biaya tambahan. Penelitian mengkaji hanya pada aktifitas sloof sebagai aktifitas yang dipilih untuk di percepat sebagai obyek tinjauan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan model Time-cost trade-off (TCTO) aktifitas pekerjaan sloof dalam sebuah proyek. Model tersebut dikembangkan berdasarkan persepsi responden melalui pengisian kuesioner dan data RAB. Responden dalam penelitian ini yaitu direktur, estimator, dan manajer proyek pada badan usaha kontraktor yang berdomisili di Kabupaten Aceh Barat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pekerjaan sloof dapat dipecah kedalam sub aktifitas seperti sub aktifitas bekisting sloof, pembesian sloof dan beton sloof memiliki karakteristik yang berbeda dalam pekerjaan sloof berdasarkan TCTO model. Berdasarkan kondisi ini, sub-aktifitas pekerjaan sloof tersebut dapat dipecepat dari durasi normal proyek secara berturut-turut adalah 60%, 50% dan 60% dan biaya tambahan yang diperlukan adalah 2.88% per hari, 2.93% per hari, dan 3.88% per hari.Kata kunci : Percepatan schedule, Durasi crash, Biaya tambahan , Model TCTO, Pekerjaan sloof, Aceh Barat, Pekerjaan bekisting, Pekerjaan pembesian, Pekerjaan pengecoran

scholarly journals ANALISIS PERCEPATAN DURASI PEKERJAAN BASEMENT SEMI TOP DOWN DENGAN METODE TIME COST TRADE OFF

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Lucy Setiawan ◽  
Jane Sekarsari Tamtana
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Time Cost ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Applied Method ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Excavation Work ◽  
Normal Duration

Contractor gets a penalty for a delayed project. A stipulation of penalty is stated on Perpres No. 16 Tahun 2018. Indonesia One project was selected for research because the project was applying semi Top Down Method for its basement and the project was facing a delay on South Tower Basement that could cause a penalty. The applied method to speed up the implementation is time cost trade off; strategy:to increase the number of workers and to prolong the working time. The purpose of the research is to analyze the acceleration, and to compare which can result in minimum cost. The research shows that the excavation work at C Zone can be accelerated from normal duration 44 days to 37 days by increasing the number of workers; this results in lower crash cost in the amount of Rp 11.927.090 compare to prolong working time in the amount of Rp 45.796.186. The column reinforcement work at C Zone can be accelerated from normal duration 54 days to 37 days by increasing the number of workers; this results in lower crash cost in the amount of Rp 15.271.375 compare to prolong working time in the amount of Rp 65.019.330. AbstrakKeterlambatan durasi akan menyebabkan kontraktor dikenakan denda keterlambatan. Perihal tentang denda keterlambatan tertulis dalam Perpres No.16 Tahun 2018. Proyek Indonesia 1 dipilih sebagai objek penelitian karena menggunakan metode semi Top Down pada pelaksanaan basement dan proyek tersebut mengalami keterlambatan durasi pada pekerjaan basement Tower Selatan. Metode percepatan yang digunakan untuk mempercepat durasi proyek adalah metode time cost trade off. Strategi yang digunakan ialah dengan menambah jumlah pekerja dan menambah jumlah jam kerja. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis percepatan dan mendapatkan strategi dengan biaya percepatan yang lebih murah. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pekerjaan galian Zona C dapat dipercepat sebanyak tujuh hari dengan penambahan jumlah tenaga kerja; menghasilkan biaya percepatan yang lebih murah dengan nilai Rp 11.927.090 dibandingkan dengan menambah jumlah jam kerja dengan biaya percepatan sebesar Rp 45.796.186. Pekerjaan penulangan kolom Zona C dapat dipercepat dari durasi normal 54 hari menjadi 47 hari dengan penambahan jumlah tenaga kerja; menghasilkan biaya percepatan yang lebih murah dengan nilai Rp 15.271.375 dibandingkan dengan menambah jumlah jam kerja dengan biaya percepatan debesar Rp 65.019.330.

scholarly journals Robust Proactive Project Scheduling Model for the Stochastic Discrete Time/Cost Trade-Off Problem

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongbo Li ◽  
Zhe Xu ◽  
Li Xiong ◽  
Yinbin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Time ◽  
Project Scheduling ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Optimization Theory ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Time Cost ◽  
Activity Time ◽  
Interval Numbers ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Scheduling Model

We study the project budget version of the stochastic discrete time/cost trade-off problem (SDTCTP-B) from the viewpoint of the robustness in the scheduling. Given the project budget and a set of activity execution modes, each with uncertain activity time and cost, the objective of the SDTCTP-B is to minimize the expected project makespan by determining each activity’s mode and starting time. By modeling the activity time and cost using interval numbers, we propose a proactive project scheduling model for the SDTCTP-B based on robust optimization theory. Our model can generate robust baseline schedules that enable a freely adjustable level of robustness. We convert our model into its robust counterpart using a form of the mixed-integer programming model. Extensive experiments are performed on a large number of randomly generated networks to validate our model. Moreover, simulation is used to investigate the trade-off between the advantages and the disadvantages of our robust proactive project scheduling model.

STUDI ANALISIS BIAYA DAN WAKTU MENGGUNAKAN METODE TIME COST TRADE OFF (TCTO) PADA PROYEK TELKOM MANYAR-SURABAYA.

EXTRAPOLASI ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-29
Author(s):  
Rizal Rosyid ◽  
Gede Sarya ◽  
Michella Beatrix ◽  
Wateno Oetomo
Keyword(s):  
Critical Path ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Time Cost ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Project Cost ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Project Duration ◽  
Network Diagram ◽  
Schedule Compression ◽  
Normal Duration

AbstractTime cost trade off is a schedule compression to get projects that are more profitable in terms of time (duration), costs, and income. The aim is to compress the project to an acceptable duration and minimize the total project cost. The reduction in project duration is done by selecting certain activities. The analysis begins by preparing a network diagram (network diagram) using Microsoft Project. After that the crashing process is done using the addition of workers and additional hours of work contained in the critical path. Next do the calculations with the time cost trade off method to find the value of the crash cost and cost slope contained in the critical path. From the results of the analysis, the normal duration of the project is 639 calendar days after the process of crashing, adding work hours to 622 days and labor to 623 calendar days and the initial project cost of Rp. 250,320,084,731 after the process of crashing activities with an alternative addition to labor obtained a fee of Rp. 250,559,140,422 and additional working hours in the amount of Rp. 252,734,398,495. So that it can be concluded with the time cost trade off method there is a reduction in the duration and increase in costs.AbstrakTime cost trade off merupakan kompresi jadwal untuk mendapatkan proyek yang lebih menguntungkan dari segi waktu (durasi), biaya, dan pendapatan. Tujuannya adalah memampatkan proyek dengan durasi yang dapat diterima dan meminimalisasi biaya total proyek. Pengurangan durasi proyek dilakukan dengan memilih aktivitas tertentu. Analisa dimulai dengan melakukan penyusunan jaringan kerja ( network diagram ) dengan menggunakan microsoft project. Setelah itu dilakukan proses crashing menggunakan penambahan pekerja dan penambahan jam kerja yang terdapat pada jalur kritis. Selanjutnya melakukan perhitungan dengan metode time cost trade off untuk mencari nilai crash cost dan cost slope yang terdapat pada jalur kritis. Dari hasil analisa yang dilakukan diperoleh durasi proyek normal 639 hari kalender setelah dilakukan proses crashing kegiatan penambahan jam kerja menjadi 622 Hari dan tenaga kerja menjadi 623 hari kalender dan biaya proyek awal sebesar Rp. 250.320.084.731 setelah dilakukan proses crashing kegiatan dengan alternatif penambahan tenaga kerja diperoleh biaya sebesar Rp. 250.559.140.422 dan penambahan jam kerja sebesar Rp. 252,734,398,495. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan dengan metode time cost trade off terjadi pengurangan durasi dan peningkatan biaya. 

scholarly journals Analysis Of Comparison Of Cost And Time Implementation Of Road Projects Using Methods Time Cost Trade Off

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suciati Puji Rahayu ◽  
M Ikhsan Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Time Cost ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Overtime Work ◽  
Project Costs ◽  
Hours Of Work ◽  
Milling Machines ◽  
Road Projects ◽  
Normal Duration

Maintenance project Napoleon road “Rumah Apung” in bangsring village of Wongsorejo subdistrict Banyuwangi. In the implementation of this project there were delays in some jobs, namely ordinary excavation, pavement exavation is paved without cold milling machine, and fc’ 25 Mpa quality concrete.                                                                                                So that it can affect other activities. One way to anticipate delays is by accelerating using the Time Cost Trade Off method, through alternative hours of work (overtime) for 3 hours on the first 3 days of work and the addition of labor for the first 3 days of work commenced. The result of the analysis of the two alternatives in this study obtained results for ordinary excavations with the addition of working hours (overtime) for 3 hours in the first three days of work started to obtain project cost efficiency of Rp. 5.537.232,- from the normal cost of Rp. 6.523.171,20,- compared to the addition of labor. Whereas paved pavement excavations without cold milling machines have a 9 day efficiency period from the normal duration of 12 working days and a cost efficiency of Rp. 2.412.000,- from the normal cost of Rp. 3.216.000,- compared to the additional hours of overtime work. For fc’ 25 Mpa quality concrete work, efficiency at normal project costs and time is 12 working days with normal costs Rp. 3.040.950,816,- in addition to working hours (overtime).

Mengurangi Durasi Pelaksanaan Proyek Dengan Menggunakan Metode Time Cost Trade Off

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rizal Hermawan ◽  
Ahmad Ridwan ◽  
Suwarno Suwarno
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
Method Development ◽  
Construction Project ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Time Cost ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Critical Pathways ◽  
Normal Duration ◽  
The Cost

Construction project management is one of the things that affect the smooth work of construction projects. Time and cost become benchmarks in the success of a project. In the construction project Bhayangkara Nganjuk hospital indicated experiencing delays caused by unse endorsive weather conditions. The delay will have an impact on the costs that will be incurred. The purpose of this research is to accelerate the time on the project by using the time cost trade off method. Development work includes IGD room work, Pharmaceutical Installation, Laboratory and Inpatiation Room. The data used in the form of Time schedule and budget plan costs obtained from the implementing contractor. From the data, analysis is carried out in the form of determination of relationships between jobs, determination of critical pathways, and acceleration analysis by applying a work shift system. The relationship between jobs is illustrated through the Microsoft Project. The results of the study obtained a total cost after acceleration of Rp. 3,873,505,632.00 the value was more expensive 11.25% than the normal cost of the project of Rp 3,481,698,000.00. With an accelerated duration of 125 days or 25.71% faster than the normal duration of the project of 180 days. So that from these results, it can be used as a reference in the implementation of the project regarding work hours that can be applied as well as the cost of the project and the duration of acceleration required.

A Flow-Preserving Algorithm for the Time-Cost Trade-Off Problem

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suleyman Tufekci
Keyword(s):  
Time Cost ◽  
Trade Off
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