Mengurangi Durasi Pelaksanaan Proyek Dengan Menggunakan Metode Time Cost Trade Off

Construction project management is one of the things that affect the smooth work of construction projects. Time and cost become benchmarks in the success of a project. In the construction project Bhayangkara Nganjuk hospital indicated experiencing delays caused by unse endorsive weather conditions. The delay will have an impact on the costs that will be incurred. The purpose of this research is to accelerate the time on the project by using the time cost trade off method. Development work includes IGD room work, Pharmaceutical Installation, Laboratory and Inpatiation Room. The data used in the form of Time schedule and budget plan costs obtained from the implementing contractor. From the data, analysis is carried out in the form of determination of relationships between jobs, determination of critical pathways, and acceleration analysis by applying a work shift system. The relationship between jobs is illustrated through the Microsoft Project. The results of the study obtained a total cost after acceleration of Rp. 3,873,505,632.00 the value was more expensive 11.25% than the normal cost of the project of Rp 3,481,698,000.00. With an accelerated duration of 125 days or 25.71% faster than the normal duration of the project of 180 days. So that from these results, it can be used as a reference in the implementation of the project regarding work hours that can be applied as well as the cost of the project and the duration of acceleration required.

Relationship between menstrual abnormalities, anemia and hematological parameters among university students

Objective: To determine the relationship between anemia, menstrual abnormalities and hematological parameters among students, who are studying at Sindh University and are the permanent residents of Hyderabad city. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out at physiology department, university of Sindh Jamshoro. Study duration was one year from August 2018 to July 2019. All participants were the permanent resident of Hyderabad, aged from 18 to 25 years, and willing to contribute in the study. The questionnaire was designed to elicit comprehensive responses from participants regarding hematological parameters and menstrual abnormalities. Menstrual abnormalities such as poly-menorrhea, menorrhagia, oligo-menorrhea, dysmenorrhea, and amenorrhea were determined using the menstrual history. Participants with a hemoglobin level of <12 gm/dl were deemed anemic. SPSS version 20 was used to analyze the data. Results: A total of 300 individuals were randomly selected for this study, and 283 of them agreed to have their blood drawn. The participants' average age was 20.99±1.87 years. Most of the participants had irregular cycle 44.52%, followed by oligomenorrhea 13.43%, Polymenorrhea 11.66% and remaining were normal. Hypomenorrhea was seen in 8.48% of the respondents while hypermenorrhea was seen in 7.42% of the respondents. 14.49% of females reported the duration of menstrual bleeding for fewer than three days, and 34.63% reported normal duration of menstrual bleeding. Longer menstrual bleeding days (>7 days) was 26.85% Anemia in the participants was 45.94%, out of this mild, moderate and severe anemia was 32.51%, 7.42% and 6.01% respectively. RBCs, HCT and WBCs were statistically significant in terms of menstrual abnormalities (P<0.05), whereas other hematological parameters remained statistically insignificant in terms of menstrual abnormalities (p->0.05). Conclusion: Prevalence of menstrual abnormalities and anemia were observed to be frequently high among female students of Sindh University’s permanent residents of Hyderabad. Key words: Menstrual patterns, menstrual abnormalities, Anemia, University students

A Case Report on Effective Management of Artavadushti with Vandhyatwa by Ayurveda Regimen

ABSTRACT: A female patient of 25 years of age came to OPD of Arogyam Health Care on 15\5\2076 B.S. with complaints of want issue since 3 years. She had not achieved her menses since 3 months and her menstruation was irregular since menarche. Methodology: Detailed history with all necessary clinical, physical examination and laboratory investigations were carried out. No gross physical and chemical abnormality was found. All the laboratory investigations (including USG and hormonal analysis) were found to be normal. So the treatment was planned according to the symptoms. Diagnosis made on the basis on the basis of presenting complaints was Vandhaytwa. Patient was treated with Arogyavardhi vati, Dashmoolarista, Kanchanar guggulu, Matra vasti and nasya with Mahanarayan taila, Bandhyaharan churna and Aswagandha churna. Patient was kept on follow. Result: Patient had got her menstruation regularly with normal duration while taking medicine. Also the amount of flow was also improved and the patient got conceived. Keywords: Vandhyatwa, Vasti, Nasya, Arogyavardhini vati, Dashmoolarishta

ACOUSTIC EFFECTS OF DURATIONAL CUES IN THE PERCEPTION OF NAJDI ARABIC VOWEL CONTINUA

This paper explores how the manipulation of vowel duration as a perceptual cue influences listeners’ perceptual ability. Four native speakers of Najdi Arabic, a well-known variety of Arabic in the Arabian Peninsula, were tested on the perception of /a/ vs. /ɛ/ vowels. Listeners’ identification and discrimination rates along each vowel continuum showed a clear effect of duration on the perception of /a/-/ɛ/ contrast. In each vowel continuum, listeners were more inclined to classify stimuli as belonging to one vowel or the other based on relative proximity to the steady-state vowel duration. Perceptibility naturally improved as duration approximated the normal duration of either vowel. Listeners’ perceptual judgments in the identification and discrimination of the vowels were swayed by their aural sensitivity to perceptual shifts (/a/-/ɛ/ at 185-195ms; /ɛ/-/a/ at 195-205ms). Moreover, findings of the identification task followed predictably from the discrimination task; this could be taken as evidence for the existence of categorical perception. Results aggregately indicate that perception of the two Najdi Arabic vowels proceeded as a function of duration.

FREKUENSI PEMERIKSAAN ANC BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PREEKLAMPSIA

The gestation period starts from conception until the birth of the fetus. The normal duration of pregnancy is 280 days (40 weeks or 9 months and 7 days) counting from the first day of the last menstruation. Pregnancy is divided into 3, the first trimester starts from conception until 3 months, the second trimester starts from the fourth month to 6 months, the third trimester is from the seventh month to 9 months. Preeclampsia is a disease characterized by hypertension, proteinuria and edema that occurs during pregnancy. or up to 48 hours postpartum. This study aims to determine the frequency of ANC examinations with preeclamptic. The research method used was analytic survey research design with a cross sectional approach. Data collection techniques. Data collection in this study used a questionnaire sheet. The technique used in this study was purposive sampling. The data analysis used was univariate and bivariate analysis and the statistical test used was Chi Square. The significance of the relationship between the two variables is p = 0.000, p = 0.002 <α 0.05, this means that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected, so there is a relationship between the frequency of ANC examinations and preeclamptic

STUDI ANALISIS BIAYA DAN WAKTU MENGGUNAKAN METODE TIME COST TRADE OFF (TCTO) PADA PROYEK TELKOM MANYAR-SURABAYA.

Time cost trade off is a schedule compression to get projects that are more profitable in terms of time (duration), costs, and income. The aim is to compress the project to an acceptable duration and minimize the total project cost. The reduction in project duration is done by selecting certain activities. The analysis begins by preparing a network diagram (network diagram) using Microsoft Project. After that the crashing process is done using the addition of workers and additional hours of work contained in the critical path. Next do the calculations with the time cost trade off method to find the value of the crash cost and cost slope contained in the critical path. From the results of the analysis, the normal duration of the project is 639 calendar days after the process of crashing, adding work hours to 622 days and labor to 623 calendar days and the initial project cost of Rp. 250,320,084,731 after the process of crashing activities with an alternative addition to labor obtained a fee of Rp. 250,559,140,422 and additional working hours in the amount of Rp. 252,734,398,495. So that it can be concluded with the time cost trade off method there is a reduction in the duration and increase in costs.AbstrakTime cost trade off merupakan kompresi jadwal untuk mendapatkan proyek yang lebih menguntungkan dari segi waktu (durasi), biaya, dan pendapatan. Tujuannya adalah memampatkan proyek dengan durasi yang dapat diterima dan meminimalisasi biaya total proyek. Pengurangan durasi proyek dilakukan dengan memilih aktivitas tertentu. Analisa dimulai dengan melakukan penyusunan jaringan kerja ( network diagram ) dengan menggunakan microsoft project. Setelah itu dilakukan proses crashing menggunakan penambahan pekerja dan penambahan jam kerja yang terdapat pada jalur kritis. Selanjutnya melakukan perhitungan dengan metode time cost trade off untuk mencari nilai crash cost dan cost slope yang terdapat pada jalur kritis. Dari hasil analisa yang dilakukan diperoleh durasi proyek normal 639 hari kalender setelah dilakukan proses crashing kegiatan penambahan jam kerja menjadi 622 Hari dan tenaga kerja menjadi 623 hari kalender dan biaya proyek awal sebesar Rp. 250.320.084.731 setelah dilakukan proses crashing kegiatan dengan alternatif penambahan tenaga kerja diperoleh biaya sebesar Rp. 250.559.140.422 dan penambahan jam kerja sebesar Rp. 252,734,398,495. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan dengan metode time cost trade off terjadi pengurangan durasi dan peningkatan biaya.

Fig development in two Neotropical Ficus species, F. yoponensis (subgen. Pharmacosycea) and F. colubrinae (subgen. Spherosuke): comparing rainforest and pasture trees

In the fragmented landscape of Los Tuxtlas, adult fig trees are found in rainforest remnants and in pastures. Syconium (fig) development is known to vary between and within Ficus species, but it is not known whether it differs between rainforest and pasture trees. We describe syconium development for two Ficus species with different life forms (free-standing vs. hemi-epiphytic) in two contrasting, adjacent habitats: undisturbed rainforest and active pastures. Over three months, we monitored 15 reproductive events in Ficus yoponensis and F. colubrinae, collecting and dissecting syconia every 3-4 days (1 291 and 815 syconia per species, respectively). External and internal structural changes in the syconia are described, including foundress occurrence and the maximum duration of the receptive phase while waiting for pollinators. The duration of both the reproductive events (< 8 weeks) and the developmental phases in the two species did not differ between rainforest and pasture trees, and are within the lower range of time reported for other Ficus species. After pollinator exclusion, the receptive phase lasted up to four times its normal duration. Syconia were slightly larger in rainforest than in pasture trees, and the infestation of F. yoponensis syconia by non-pollinating insects was higher in rainforest trees.

EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF ARTAVA KASHAYA BY AYURVEDA: A CASE REPORT

A female patient of 25 years of age came to OPD of National institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur on 22 September, 2020 with chief complaint of delayed menstruation with scanty flow since 4.5 years. Methodology: Detailed history with all necessary clinical, physical examination and laboratory investigations were carried out. No gross physical and chemical abnormality was found. All the laboratory investigations (including USG and hormonal analysis) were found to be normal. So the treatment was planned according to the symptoms. Diagnosis made on the basis on the basis of presenting complaints was Artava kashaya. Patient was treated with Tilashelukaravi kwatha for 2 consecutive cycles. Patient was kept on follow up for 1 cycle after cessation of Tilashelukaravi kwatha. Result: Patient had got her menstruation regularly with normal duration while taking medicine. Also the amount of flow was also improved and intensity of pain was reduced effectively from moderate to mild. Even after cessation of medicine she got her menstruation in 30 days with normal amount of flow.

Cost and Time Analysis of the Acceleration Earthworks with the Method of Adding Heavy Equipment to the Depok-Antasari Toll Road Project

The development of Depok-Antasari Toll road construction was delayed by the work on the implementation of land work of 30.70% from the original plan presentation so that The initially planned time was completed in August 2019 extended to be completed in December 2019. In this study will analyze the acceleration of completion duration on The construction project of Depok–Antasari Toll road with an alternative to the number of heavy equipment. The purpose of this research is to know the cost of project that is physical and duration of time is faster by using the alternative. The results of the analysis was obtained that total project cost under normal conditions is IDR. 9,860,552,249.00 with the duration of project execution 130 working days. In the condition after accelerated with the addition of the number of heavy equipment alternative– 1 obtained a fee of Rp. 10,030,638,486.00 or more expensive 1.02% of the project cost in normal conditions and duration Project execution of 109 business days or faster 21 days from the normal duration. While the total cost of the project in the alternative condition–2 obtained Rp. 10,153,918,103.00 or more expensive 1.04% of the project cost under normal conditions and duration of project execution 104 days or faster 26 days from the normal duration. It can concluded that the acceleration of work by alternative method-1 is a more effective and economical acceleration alternative, because By applying an alternate acceleration–1. The duration of project work is faster than normal circumstances and does not experience a delay of employment from the planned time of 120 days. And the total budget cost of the project is cheaper compared to the alternative acceleration method-2.

The role of water intake in the severity of pain and menstrual distress among females suffering from primary dysmenorrhea: a semi-experimental study

Background Dysmenorrhea is the most common health problem among women of reproductive age. The aim of the present study was to investigate the modifying role of water intake in menstrual distress and severity of pain among young female adolescents. Method A semi-experimental study was conducted on a sample of undergraduate female students aged 18–30 years in Isfahan, Iran from 2016 to 2019. Volunteers who had history of suffering from primary dysmenorrhea and drank less than 1600 ml water per day were assigned into water intake (n = 70) and control (n = 70) groups. Participants could select the group in which they desired to be considered. The water intake group was asked to drink water regularly based on a protocol for two menstrual periods while the control group did not receive any form of intervention. Demographic information and menstrual characteristics and severity of menstrual pain (based on a visual analogue scale), were obtained using a short questionnaire. The data were compared between and within two groups before and after intervention using chi-square test, Mann–Whitney U test, and the Friedman’s analysis of variance. Results The mean age (SD) of participants was 22.0 (2.7) years and 77 students reported normal duration of menstrual bleeding. The number of students who had normal duration of menstrual bleeding (4–6 days) in water intake group increased after intervention (39 vs. 49 after first and 46 after second cycles of menstruation). However, the interval of menstrual cycle did not change significantly in either groups. Considerable decrease in using pain killer was observed in water intake group (p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed between control and water intake groups before intervention in pain intensity (pain mean score 7.64 vs. 7.06), but within group comparison showed that pain intensity was significantly decreased among water intake group (p < 0.0001) while for control group only a significant decrease was observed for the first day of menstrual bleeding. Conclusion The findings suggest that water intake might have modifying role in reducing menstrual bleeding duration, pain killer utilization, and pain intensity during menstrual period. Trial registration IRCT20180708040377N1, 16 April 2020, Retrospectively registered, at https://www.irct.ir/trial/32446