PENERAPAN METODE MODIFIED DISTRIBUTION (MODI) UNTUK OPTIMALISASI BIAYA DISTRIBUSI PRODUK ALAT KESEHATAN

The transportation model is the lowest cost plan determination for a distribution process. This research aims to obtain the pattern of distribution of medical device products at PT X so that the costs for the distribution process become more optimal and the needs of product demand to each city can be met. By using Vogel's Approximation Method (VAM) as a viable initial solution and followed by optimization tests to determine the optimal solution with Modified Distribution Method (MODI). The results showed the initial solution of VAM method obtained cost Rp176,645,930 then Modified Distribution Method (MODI) as the optimal solution obtained optimal transportation costs of Rp176,645,210. Based on the results of calculations that have been done shows the results that the distribution of medical devices in PT. X by implementing a transport model can save on distribution costs

Determining Critical Factors Project Delay and Effecting Cost Overruns in Telecommunication Mobile Network Projects

Telecommunication Industry has created numerous employment opportunities and playing a role model in economic growth of Indonesia. This industry is facing serious and critical problem of cost overruns in Telecommunication Mobile Network Projects, especially in implementation 4G-LTE Project in Jakarta, Depok, Bogor, Tangerang, Bekasi (Jadebotabek) area. The purpose of this research is to identify and classify critical factors project delay and expound the effect of that critical factors to cost overruns. A structured questionnaire based on 38 factors project delay related to cost overruns (Ullah et al., 2017) was developed and distributed to 100 respondents from 35 selected Contractor Company in Jadebotabek area. The collected data was statistically analyzed with Factor Analysis and Multiple Linear Regression that processed using SPSS. As a result, 4 new Critical Factor Project Delay effect to Cost Overruns in sequence are Lack of cost plan and monitoring, Equipment failure, Extension of time, and Inadequate project preparations were identified.

Factors Affecting the Revenue of Air Asia Berhad During Covid-19 Pandemic

Air Asia Berhad is very well-known as the low-cost airline, the headquarter is located in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It is the largest airline in Malaysia by fleet size and destinations. It has consistently been named as the world’s best low-cost carrier for 11 years by Skytrax. Low-cost plan helps the company to earn profit in fact. However, in 2020, the revenue of Air Asia Berhad has decreased terribly due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Covid-19 pandemic began to spread in the final week of January 2020 at Malaysia and until this moment in time, the whole world is still facing the pandemic. It is also known as Coronavirus which can be spread through air and close contact. Due to Covid-19 pandemic, the passengers carried has been decreased by 74% by January to December 2020 on comparison with January to December 2019 which directly implies less revenue generation. Furthermore, many of the staff has been laid off. The particular aim for this research is to determine the factors affecting the revenue generation of the company during Covid-19. Google form was used to collect the needed information for this research. With the collected data through the study, it was found out that restrictions in travelling, paucity of passengers and high number of workers in the company are the main factors giving the current impact to the company’s revenue.

Extended Reality in Quantity Surveying

Purpose – It is possible for cost professionals to prepare an informed and compendious cost plan by identifying all the factors that cause cost overruns, variations, safety hazards and others without having a significant prior experience. The implementation of Extended Reality can address this phenomenon. The paper aims to introduce the concept of Extended Reality in the field of quantity surveying by exploring its untapped potential and also looks to identify critical barriers in implementing this technology.Methodology/approach –A detailed review of literature study produced eight critical factors acting as barriers in successful implementation. With the suggestions from the industry professionals, the inter-relationship among these factors were established and prioritised using Interpretative Structural Modelling (ISM) tool. Further, these factors were categorised using MICMAC (Cross-Impact Matrix Multiplication Applied to Classification) analysis.Findings – This study identifies, Lack of expertise and Lack of suitable software as the key driving factors in successful implementation and all the remaining factors are directly or indirectly influenced by them.Research limitations –The sample size considered in building the ISM network is limited to the Indian construction industry. The disadvantages of Extended Reality have not been covered in the study. There may be several negative repercussions to human health due to this technology.Practical implications – This study can be used by industry professionals in understanding how advance technology like this can overcome many challenges pertinent to cost planning and estimation.Originality/value – This study stands out among the few research topics which contribute to reducing the knowledge gap among the cost professionals irrespective of their experience.

Digitization in the German Health Care System - An Analysis of the Status Quo Using the Example of the Dental Sector

According to the Federal Ministry of Economics and Energy, the German healthcare industry is growing faster than the economy as a whole but is regularly far behind compared to the rate of digitalization. Nonetheless, the healthcare industry offers great potential for digital applications. The brief overview at hand uses the example of treatment and cost plans in the dental field to illustrate the state of digitalization in the German health care system. The primary goal is to examine whether it is possible to transfer the principle of electronic data medium exchange for hospital settlements and the associated electronic data processing to the transmission of treatment and cost plans in the dental field. Anselstetter's (1984) expertise is fundamentally used to evaluate the benefits of electronic data processing and to a treatment and cost plan under critical evaluation. In order to determine relevant benefit effects for health insurance funds and dentists, a transfer and processing form of the treatment and cost plan is used based on a generated model. Applying this model can assist health insurance funds to identify effects regarding time, personnel reduction, and more efficient use of existing personnel structures. It also provides health insurance companies and dentists with an overview of the possible benefits of electronic data transmission and processing. Nonetheless, one of the problems is that it is not possible to calculate the expected costs due to the lack of empirical examinations. Consequently, a detailed cost- benefit evaluation of an electronic transmission and processing of the treatment and cost plans is unfeasible.

Prototyping Operation and Maintenance System for a Campus Building

There is increasing awareness of life cycle costing (LCC) by the management who has lengthy experience in the operation and maintenance of the building. Maintenance of buildings includes a replacement, updating, and repair building components by predetermined standards. This paper aim at developing a prototype of building maintenance system for a campus in Yogyakarta. The prototype is referred to ISO 15686 as well as Regulation of Minister of Public Works. The system complements the service life of the building components that can be up dated regularly. The system accommodates the 25-years life cycle cost plan to assist campus management office. Research data obtained by Building Maintenance personals, the users of the building as well as previous studies for similar ones. From the results of life cycle costing, the study shows its detail life cycle cost plan.. Finally, a prototype for the operation and maintenance of the building is developed. Keywords: operation and maintenance, campus building, ISO 15686, life cycle costing

Sub-activity Time-Cost Trade-off Model of Building Structural Beam on the Projects in the North Aceh Region

Problems for both delayed and accelerated activities in scheduling are common in most projects. This problem can implicate on the additional construction cost with different trends as a specific model. A model can provide valuable information to project acceleration judgement. This research aims to develop the TCTO sub-activity model of formwork, rebar work, and concrete work of the building structural beam on the projects in the North Aceh region. We have collected 33 data sourced from the project cost plan report and respondents judgment in the reviewed area. Descriptive statistics and the regression analysis are used to generate the TCTO model. The results show that the activity duration of the structural beam as broken down into sub-activities of formwork, rebar work and concrete work can be compressed until reaching 40%, 50%, and 40% of its normal duration, respectively. The additional cost of the compressed duration for each sub-activity shows the direct incremental cost per days of 3.67%, 3.63%, and 4.27% of its normal cost. Meanwhile, the possible crash cost of each the sub-activities are 122%, 118.15%, 125.61%, respectively. The models practically represent a linear model in the same daily pattern acceleration.

ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN PENGIRIMAN BARANG MENGGUNAKAN METODE VOGEL’S APPROXIMATION METHOD (VAM) DAN MODIFIED DISTRIBUTION (MODI)

The transportation model relates to determining the lowest cost plan for sending one item from a number of sources to a number of destinations. The working principle of the VAM method is to achieve an initial feasible solution. MODI Method (Modified Distribution) is a method of solving transportation cases developed from stepping stone method. The purpose of this research is to analyze the comparison of goods delivery using the VAM method and the MODI method. The results of the study indicate that operational costs are issued using the VAM method in January 2015, which is Rp. 34.100 and operational costs incurred using the VAM method in February 2015, namely Rp. 39.400. While the operational costs incurred using the MODI method in January 2015 are Rp. 33.800 and operational costs incurred using the MODI method in February 2015, which is Rp. 37.900. Keywords: vam method, modi method, transportation model Abstrak: Model transportasi berkaitan dengan penentuan rencana biaya terendah untuk mengirimkan satu barang dari sejumlah sumber ke sejumlah tujuan. Prinsip kerja metode VAM ialah untuk mencapai solusi fisibel awal. Metode MODI (Modified Distribution) merupakan metode penyelesaian kasus transportasi yang di kembangkan dari metode stepping stone. Tujuan penelitian ini, menganalisa perbandingan pengiriman barang menggunakan metode VAM dan metode MODI. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa biaya operasional yang dikeluarkan dengan menggunakan metode VAM pada bulan januari 2015 yaitu Rp. 34.100 dan biaya operasional yang dikeluarkan dengan menggunakan metode VAM pada bulan februari 2015 yaitu Rp. 39.400. Sedangkan biaya operasional yang dikeluarkan dengan menggunakan metode MODI pada bulan januari 2015 yaitu Rp. 33.800 dan biaya operasional yang dikeluarkan dengan menggunakan metode MODI pada bulan februari 2015 yaitu Rp. 37.900. Kata kunci: metode vam, metode modi, model transportasi

Study on life cycle costing: a case of building for private high school in Jakarta

There are increasing awareness of life cycle costing (LCC) by the management who has lengthy experience in operation and maintenance of the building. Maintenance of buildings includes replacement, updating, and repair building components in accordance with predetermined standards. This research aim at identifying building maintenance practices of a private high school Building in Jakarta. This instrument of the study was referred to Regulation of Minister of Public Works. Another aim is to identify service life of the building components, and conducts 25 years life cycle cost plan for the school management by adopting model of LCC from ISO 15686 part 5. Research data obtained by distributing questionnaires to the Section of Maintenance 30 persons, and school teachers 68 persons. Result showed that the implementation of the management school provides a score of 4.6 out of 5 scale and considered as a very good maintenance performance for the building. To confirms whether the user perception on the operating and maintenance efforts, a similarly assessment were obtained from direct users who provide a good category. From the results of life cycle costing, the study shows that: for long-term life cycle cost plan, the proportion cost for 1) construction, 2) operational, and 3) replacement and maintenance are 46%, 39% and 15% respectively.