Factors Influencing the Development of Urothelial Lesions and Breast Tuberculosis among Pulmonary TB Patients Undergoing Directly Observed Therapy in Abeokuta and Ilishan Metropolises, Ogun State, Nigeria

Background: It is against the background of the emerging incidence of coronavirus pandemic in Nigeria, and the need for its management that this study adapts gravity model for predicting the risk of the disease across states of the country. Methods: The paper relied on published government data on population, and gross domestic product, while the distance of town to the nearest international airport was also obtained. These data were log transformed and further used in the calculation of gravity scores for each state of the federation. Results: The study discovered that with the gravity score ranging from 2.942 to 4.437, all the states of the federation have the risk of being infected with the pandemic. Meanwhile Ogun State (4.837) has a very high risk of being infected with the disease. Other states with high risks are Oyo (4.312), Jigawa (4.235), Niger (4.148) and Katsina (4.083). However, Taraba State has the least infection risk of the pandemic in Nigeria. Factors influencing the risk level of the pandemic are proximity, porous boundary between states, and elitism. Conclusion: The paper advocates border settlement planning, review of housing standards, and advocacy for sanitation in different states. It therefore concludes that adequate urban planning in unison with economic and epidemiology techniques will provide a strong strategy for the management of the disease.

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Complete sputum smear monitoring among adults with pulmonary tuberculosis in central Uganda: evidence from a retrospective cohort study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-570869/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Norbert Adrawa ◽

Stephen Okoboi ◽

Alimah Komuhangi ◽

Jonathan Izudi ◽

Ronald Nsubuga

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Sputum Smear ◽

Smear Microscopy ◽

Limited Information ◽

Directly Observed Therapy ◽

Urban Residence ◽

Community Based ◽

Pulmonary Tb ◽

Adjusted Risk

Abstract Background: People with bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis require sputum smear monitoring at 2, 5, and 6 months to establish treatment outcomes. However, there is limited information about sputum smear monitoring in Uganda, similar to other developing countries. We examined factors associated with complete sputum smear monitoring among persons with bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB aged ≥15 years in central Uganda.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed and abstracted data for persons with bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB initiated on treatment between January 2017 and December 2019 across 11 large TB units in Masaka district in central Uganda. Complete sputum smear monitoring was measured as the receipt of three sputum smear microscopy tests at 2, 5, and 6 months of TB treatment. The data were summarized descriptively and the differences in the outcome with independent variables were examined using tests of statistical significance. The factors independently associated with the outcome were established using the modified Poisson regression analysis with robust standard errors, reported as adjusted risk ratio (aRR) along with the 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: A total of 416 participants were enrolled, with a mean age of 37.3 ±12.9 years. Of the participants, 290 (69.7) were males, 269 (64.7) were rural residents, and 128 (30.8%) had complete sputum smear monitoring. Urban residence (aRR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.12-1.90), treatment under the community-based directly observed therapy short-course strategy (DOTS) (aRR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.25–2.92), and TB and human immunodeficiency virus (TB/HIV) comorbidity (aRR 0.45, 95% CI 0.30–0.68) were associated with complete sputum smear monitoring. Conclusions: We observed a low magnitude of complete sputum smear monitoring among persons with bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB aged ≥15 years in central Uganda. Urban residence and treatment under community-based DOTS are associated with a higher likelihood of complete sputum smear monitoring while TB/HIV co-infection is associated with a lower likelihood of complete sputum smear monitoring. At rural health facilities, there is a need to develop strategies to enhance the performance of sputum smear monitoring. Additionally, TB/HIV collaboration and the implementation of community-based DOTS should be strengthened to increase the performance of sputum smear monitoring.

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Factors Influencing Levels and Intensity of Adoption of New Rice for Africa (Nerica) Among Rice Farmers in Ogun State, Nigeria

International Journal of Agricultural Economics ◽

10.11648/j.ijae.20170203.15 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 84 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ogunya Lydia Olufunmilola

Keyword(s):

Rice Farmers ◽

Ogun State ◽

Factors Influencing

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Kepatuhan menelan obat, merokok dan resiko kegagalan konversi (BTA positif) pada pasien tuberculosis

HOLISTIK JURNAL KESEHATAN ◽

10.33024/hjk.v14i4.1600 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 581-589

Author(s):

Mariawati Mariawati ◽

Khoidar Amirus ◽

Marliyana Marliyana

Keyword(s):

Medication Adherence ◽

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Health Workers ◽

Treatment Compliance ◽

Patient Treatment ◽

Sputum Smear ◽

P Value ◽

Active Smoking ◽

Directly Observed Therapy ◽

Pulmonary Tb

Active smokers, treatment compliance and sputum smear conversion failed among patients treated for active tuberculosisBackground: One of the infectious diseases that often affects people is pulmonary tuberculosis (pulmonary TB). World data, there are 10.4 million recent cases of tuberculosis or 142 cases / 100,000 populations, with 480,000 cases of failed conversions. Indonesia is a country with the second largest number of recent cases in the world after India. With the success of treatment in Indonesia, it is low at 85%. Data from Lampang Province, the number of new patients with pulmonary tuberculosis is reaching 110 per 100,000 populations. Data in Central Lampung Regency found 954 cases out of 20,184 people suspected (4.73%). Data in Poncowati Public Health Center in Central Lampung in 2018, conversion failure rates were quite high at 16 people out of 42 people with pulmonary TB (38.1% ), and the success of the treatment is also still low, at 76.2% (target> 90%).Purpose: Knowing relation factors active smoker, treatment compliance with failed sputum smear conversion among patients treated for active tuberculosis.Method: A quantitative study with the design by observational analytic. The samples in this study were 42 pulmonary TB patients. Data analysis in this study used the chi-square test.Results: Most respondents smoke <10 cigarettes per day (not at risk), 22 (52.4%). Most respondents obey the ingestion of drugs, which are 28 (66.7%). There was a correlation between active smoking (p-value = 0.002 and OR = 11.762) and medication adherence (p-value = 0.002 and OR = 9,167) with conversion failure in pulmonary tuberculosis patients.Conclusion: There were active smokers, treatment compliance, and sputum smear conversion failed among patients treated for active tuberculosis. It needs to further improve Directly Observed Therapy (DOT) support and the role of health workers in improving patient treatment compliance and motivation in quitting smoking.Keywords : Active smoking; Medication adherence; Conversion failure; Active tuberculosisPendahuluan: Salah satu penyakit menular yang sering diderita masyarakat adalah Tuberculosis paru (TB paru). Data dunia, terdapat 10,4 juta kasus baru tuberkulosis atau 142 kasus/100.000 populasi, dengan 480.000 kasus gagal konversi. Indonesia merupakan negara dengan jumlah kasus baru terbanyak kedua di dunia setelah India. Dengan angka keberhasilan pengobatan di Indonesia rendah, yaitu 85%. Data Provinsi Lampung, jumlah pasien baru tuberculosis paru yaitu mencapai 110 per 100.000 penduduk. Data di Kabupaten Lampung Tengah ditemukan sebanyak 954 kasus dari 20.184 orang suspek (4,73%).Data di Puskesmas Poncowati Lampung Tengah pada tahun 2018, angka kegagalan konversi cukup tinggi yaitu sebanyak 16 orang dari 42 orang penderita TB paru (38,1%), dan keberhasilan pengobatan juga masih rendah, yaitu 76,2% (target >90%). Tujuan: Diketahui hubungan para perokok aktif, kepatuhan menelan obat dan kegagalan konversi (BTA positif) pada pasien tuberculosis.Metode: Jenis penelitian kuantitatif, rancangan penelitian dengan analitik observasional. Sampel sejumlah 42 pasien TB paru. Analisis data pada penelitian ini menggunakan uji chi-square.Hasil: Sebagian besar responden merokok <10 batang perhari (tidak berisiko) yaitu sebanyak 22 orang (52,4%).Sebagian besar responden patuh dalam menelan obat, yaitu sebanyak 28 orang (66,7%). Terdapat hubungan antara merokok aktif (p-value = 0,002 dan OR= 11,762) dan kepatuhan menelan obat (p-value = 0,002 dan OR= 9,167) dengan kegagalan konversi pada pasien tuberculosis.Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan para perokok aktif, kepatuhan menelan obat dan kegagalan konversi (BTA positif) pada pasien tuberculosis. Perlu lebih ditingkatkannya dukungan PMO serta peran petugas kesehatan dalam meningkatkan kepatuhan berobat pasien dan motivasi dalam menghentikan kebiasaan merokok.

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A Geospatial Approach to Socio Economic Factors Influencing Accessibility to Secondary Educational Institution in Ogun State, Nigeria

British Journal of Education Society & Behavioural Science ◽

10.9734/bjesbs/2016/22180 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

S Ogunyemi ◽

K Muibi ◽

A Alaga ◽

O Babatimehin ◽

O Ajileye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Educational Institution ◽

Economic Factors ◽

Ogun State ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Socio Economic Factors

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Comparative Analysis of Motorized and Manually Propelled Technologies of Artisanal Fisheries in Ijebu Waterside of Ogun State

Sustainable Agriculture Research ◽

10.5539/sar.v2n1p133 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 133

Author(s):

Kareem R O ◽

Idowu E O ◽

Williams S B ◽

Ayinde I A ◽

Bashir N O

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Primary Data ◽

Artisanal Fisheries ◽

Fishing Gear ◽

Artisanal Fishery ◽

Stochastic Production Frontier ◽

Gross Margin ◽

Ogun State ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Significant Factors

<p>This study was carried out to analyze the comparative analysis of efficiencies of artisanal fisheries in Ijebu Waterside of Ogun State. The objectives determined gross margin analysis; estimate the technical efficiencies of both the manually propelled technology (MPT) and motorized technology (MT) of artisanal fishery systems and determining the factors influencing the technical efficiencies of artisanal fisheries in the study area. A multistage sampling technique was used to select a total of 400 Artisans from the study area. Primary data were collected using structured questionnaire as interview guide, on the socio-economic characteristics, production inputs and output prices. The data collected were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Stochastic production frontier model was used to estimate the technical, efficiencies of both motorized and manually propelled technologies in artisanal fishery system as well as the factors influencing the technical, efficiencies of the artisans.</p> <p>The results of the comparison of the MPT and (MT) revealed that the average income per month for MPT was N361,847.48 and the amount accruable per month for the MT was N560,755.57. The results of the comparison of catch efficiency and inefficiency function showed that in MPT, fishing gear, vessel length, number of crew/skippers, quantity of bait and battery were all significant at 5 percent probability level while for MT, fishing gear, outboard engine, battery and miscellaneous quantity were the significant factors. The mean catch efficiency of MPT was 0.92 compared to MT with 0.98. However, the comparison of the inefficiency shows that education, age, and household size are significant factors while education is significant factors in both MPT and MT respectively. The results of the returns-to-scale revealed that the parameters estimate of the MT was higher with 4.35 compared to MPT with 2.56.</p>

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Clinicopathological Impact of Diabetes Mellitus in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients

TAJ Journal of Teachers Association ◽

10.3329/taj.v32i1.42735 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 46-53

Author(s):

Nazmul Hoque Munna ◽

Md Mohiuddin Ahmed ◽

Mohammad Imtiaj Mahbub

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Normal Population ◽

Clinical Impact ◽

Diabetic Group ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Directly Observed Therapy ◽

Pulmonary Tb

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is the one of the leading cause of death globally, more marked in developing countries like Bangladesh. The prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is increasing globally fueled by obesity endemic. The study is designed to get an idea about prevalence and clinical impact of DM among pulmonary TB patients. Objective: The aim of the study is to find out the rate and effect of Diabetes mellitus in patients with pulmonary Tuberculosis. Material and Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted in DOTS (directly observed therapy, short course) corner, outpatient department (OPD), Dhaka Medical College & Hospital, Dhaka from July to December 2012. 125 patients of pulmonary Tuberculosis were included in this study as case. 125 age and sex matched controls who were not suffering from pulmonary Tuberculosis were taken from the attendant of the patients who had given the consent. Prevalence and clinical impact of diabetes mellitus was sort out in both case and control group and compared with each other. Results: The study shows the prevalence of DM among pulmonary TB patients is 26.4% and among normal population (non TB patients) is 20.8%. The relative risk (odds ratio) of DM among pulmonary TB patients is 1.27 times more than non TB person with p-value - 0.02, which is significant. In symptoms analysis, diabetic patients have got more haemoptysis (45%), in contrast to non-diabetic group (13%), with p-value-0.001. In non-diabetic patients Fever are more common, 88% in contrast to diabetic group 57%, p-value-0.001. Sputum positivity is more common (69%) among diabetic pulmonary TB patients than non diabetic pulmonary TB patients (58%). On chest X ray findings this study reveals that pulmonary TB patient with DM having cavitary lesion is 33% while it is only 9.76% in non-diabetic persons. Conclusion: This study found that there was greater prevalence of DM among pulmonary TB patients (26.4%) than non pulmonary TB persons (20.4%). This findings provides the information that health care provider should intensively search presence of DM in pulmonary TB patients. TAJ 2019; 32(1): 46-53

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Factors Influencing Sustainable Agricultural Practices among Smallholder Farmers in Ogun State of Nigeria

Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research ◽

10.9734/ajaar/2020/v14i130120 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 17-24

Author(s):

Samuel Olusola Oyewole ◽

Samson Olayemi Sennuga

Keyword(s):

Policy Development ◽

Smallholder Farmers ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Farm Size ◽

Primary Data ◽

Ogun State ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Sustainable Agricultural Practices

The importance of adopting Sustainable Agricultural Practices (SAPs) approach to improve food production cannot be overemphasized in policy development and research agenda of many countries in sub-Saharan Africa. This study investigates how socio-demographic factors influence farm-level decision process associated with the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices among smallholder farmers in Ogun State. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 196 farmers. Primary data were collected with the aid of structured questionnaires. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Likert scale rating and multivariate probit model. The results showed that majority of the farmers were male with mean age of 35 years cultivating an average farm size of 5.8 hectares. The use of improved variety was adopted by 95.41% and this was rank first among the practices adopted by the farmers. Agroforestry was rank second and adopted by 85.71% of the respondents. The extent of adoption by the respondents showed that 94.39 and 72.45 were practicing the use of improved variety and agroforestry regularly. The factors influencing adoption of sustainable practices were age, education, farm size, farming experience and membership of social organization. The result further revealed that young farmers are more likely to adopt sustainable agricultural practices as option to increase productivity and reduce vulnerability of environment to ecological problems. This suggests that campaign for adoption of sustainable agricultural practices should target young farmers. However, this is not to discriminate older farmers in the sustainable agriculture policy agenda. The study established that there are complementary and substitute effects between the sustainable agricultural practices. This showed that policy changes that affect adoption of a given practice can have spillover effect on the other. Hence, extension services and promotion agenda should always emphasize the effects between different practices to enhance farmers’ choice.

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